JPH0763689B2 - Method and device for arc processing of parts - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to arc treatment of parts, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for arc treatment of parts.

[Problems to be Solved by Prior Art and Invention]

Currently, there is a problem with advanced processing of parts prior to coating. Existing processes for preparing parts prior to applying coatings are basically chemical and mechanical processes, which are labor intensive and less productive. Furthermore, these methods cause environmental pollution.

Recently, other processing methods are also used.

As a known technique, there is a component treatment method in which a component to be treated is placed between two electrodes in a vacuum chamber and a glow discharge is generated between the electrodes (SU, A, 322420, Cl.C23C). In this method, the product is ion bombarded in a glow discharge to clean and activate its surface.

The above method is characterized by uniform cleaning of the surface of the part, but its productivity is extremely insufficient due to the slow atomization of the material in the glow discharge. Furthermore, this technique cannot remove fine burrs.

Another known technique is a method of purifying the surface of a metal part with an arc, and a device for performing this method (SU, A, 935141,
B08B). In this technology, metal parts are put in the room,
An arc discharge is applied to the surface of the component under a gas pressure of 10 ² to 10 ⁴ . Pulse rate 10 to 100 Hz on the surface to be cleaned,
A pulsed arc discharge with individual pulse energy of 0.5 to 60 J is exposed.

Using a clean pulsed arc discharge, the temperature of the cleaned surface of the component can be controlled by varying the pulse rate and energy of the individual pulses to enhance the cleaning process.

However, with this arc cleaning method, it is difficult to control the position of the pulsed discharge spot within a predetermined area of the surface of the component, so that the component cannot be uniformly processed over the entire surface area. Therefore, non-purified parts of the parts and uneven heating occur. Complex equipment is required to perform this method.

Another known technique is arc treatment, preferably a method of cleaning the inner surface of parts, such as tubes (SU, A, 95238).
In this method, the component and the electrode are connected to a power source, and arc discharge is performed between the component to be processed and the electrode under a medium pressure of 100 to 500 Pa. The electrode is then moved relative to the part to move the plasma of the arc discharge along the surface of the part to be treated which acts as the cathode.

The apparatus for carrying out the above method is attached to a holder, and one line is connected to the other line of the power source connected to the pipe to be purified, an electrode connected by a power supply member, an arc excitation system, and an electrode. It consists of a reciprocating mechanism and a system that seals and evacuates the internal space of the critical purification tube.

However, when using these methods and apparatus, the medium pressure in the treatment zone must be at least 100 Pa and the residual gas reacts with the surface of the component that is heat treated by arc discharge. This results in oxidation of the already cleaned treated parts on the surface.

From a physical point of view, the movable electrode spot is not formed under such pressure, and a large amount of electric discharge occurs, and most of the electric power released in the electric discharge is consumed for heating the component and the electrode. Will end up. As a result, only a small fraction of the power emitted in the arc discharge has valid results, i.e. it is only used to clean the component surface. Plasma is generated because a large amount of discharge is generated,
The plasma acts on the device parts that come into contact with the plasma, especially under the system that seals the inside of the electrode holder or the tube, and the effective life of these parts is shortened.

Due to the low density of energy released to the component under such pressure, only a small (several μm) oxide film can be removed from the component surface, and thick (deep) oxide film and scale cannot be removed by this method.

The practice of the prior art requires the use of complex devices with movable electrodes, no matter what the case.
This device is not suitable for many applications, especially when dealing with simple parts of finite size.

The disadvantages of the known methods and devices proposed for the arc cleaning of components, in particular, have been mentioned above. Known techniques in the field of arc vacuum processing such as heating, welding and cutting have similar drawbacks, which will not be mentioned here.

One of the objects of the present invention is a method of arc-treating a part, the desired process quality of the part, high productivity and process ecology by selecting the process steps that provide a predetermined distribution of the plasma over the surface of the part. It is to provide a method capable of ensuring the scientific safety. Yet another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for carrying out the above method and to optimally configure the components of the apparatus so as to best achieve the advantages of the invention.

[Means and Actions for Solving the Problems]

A part arc treatment method of the present invention for achieving the above object is to connect a component to be treated and at least one electrode to a power source, and to place a medium pressure below atmospheric pressure between the component to be treated and the electrode. Arcing to produce a plasma moving along at least the cathode, but carrying out the above step under a medium pressure of 10 Pa or less, carrying out the arcing in the mode of the drooping part of the arc voltage-current characteristic, and / or , Using a power supply with a drooping external voltage-current characteristic, when an arc occurs, the potential difference of the electric field equal to or close to zero,
Characterized in that it is generated on at least the surface of the treatment zone of the component and / or on the working surface of at least one electrode and limits the moving area of the arc plasma to the treatment zone of the component and / or said electrode surface. .

If the medium pressure is 10 Pa or less, the electrode spot of the arc can move naturally over the entire surface of the component and electrode,
If arc discharge is performed in the drooping mode of the voltage-current characteristics, or the same as this, but if a power supply with drooping external voltage-current characteristics is used, the mobility of the electrode spot will increase substantially. , This has been proven experimentally. When an electric field difference equal to or close to zero occurs on the surface of the treatment zone of the component and / or on the working surface of the electrode, the electrode spot of the arc is most likely to occur over the entire corresponding surface. Therefore, if the moving area of the electrode spot is limited to the above-mentioned surface, it is possible to obtain a sufficient uniform treatment of the component by the arc, especially the purification, with a minimum of electrode erosion. If the medium pressure is lowered, the treated surface of the component will not be oxidized. When processing parts of finite size, it is not necessary to move the parts throughout the process.

Furthermore, another component arc-processing method of the present invention for achieving the above object is to connect a component to be treated and at least one electrode to a power source, and to apply atmospheric pressure between the component to be treated and at least one electrode. Arc discharge under the following medium pressure to generate plasma at least on the cathode side.
Performing under a medium pressure of 10 Pa or less, performing arc discharge in the mode of the drooping part of the arc's voltage-current characteristic, and / or using a power supply with a drooping external voltage-current characteristic, and A potential difference is generated on the surface of the component and / or the surface of at least one electrode, and the portion of the lowest potential is along the surface of the treated component and / or the surface of the electrode,
It is characterized in that it is moved according to a preset program, and the plasma moving area is limited to the surface of the component and / or the electrode.

In the above implementation of the method according to the invention, the electrode suit of the arc can be moved following the above mentioned areas of extreme potential values to process the part according to a preset program.

Preferably, a potential difference of the electric field is generated by feeding a part and / or a part of the electrode away from the zone in which the electrode sut of the arc is located, and the areas of highest and / or lowest potential of the electric field are It is moved by changing the position of the feed band on the electrode.

In this way, the electrode spot can be moved relative to the component without adding energy cost.

When processing an elongated part, for example a rolled part, preferably the part to be treated is moved relative to the at least one electrode or the at least one electrode is moved relative to the part.

This movement allows the entire surface of such parts to be treated uniformly.

Still another object arc treatment method of the present invention for achieving the above object is to connect a component to be treated and at least one electrode to a power source, and to provide a large value between the component to be treated and at least one electrode. Arc discharge under a medium pressure of atmospheric pressure or less to generate plasma moving along at least the cathode, the above steps are performed under a medium pressure of 10 Pa or less,
The arc discharge is performed in the mode of the drooping part of the voltage-current characteristic of the arc, and / or the power supply having the drooping external voltage-current characteristic is used, and the arc discharge in the space between the component to be processed and at least one electrode Characterized in that the area is positively compressed or partially limited to its space and that this arc discharge area is moved relative to the part and / or the part is moved relative to that arc discharge area To do.

In the above embodiment, the arc electrode spot moves along the surface of the component and follows the above arc discharge area to obtain the desired treatment of the component.

Preferably, the discharge provides a current to the component in an area confined thereto, opposite the arc excitation zone.

Thus, the arc electrode spot is moved along the part toward the power supply band, but since the movement of the arc electrode spot is limited, the spots are concentrated at the boundary of the area where the arc discharge is limited, Also, during the relative movement of the part to be treated and the above-mentioned areas where the arc discharge is limited thereto, the desired treatment of the desired surface of the part with these spots is obtained.

Also preferably, when using at least two electrodes, in at least one electrode circuit, the current value is limited or the current is cut off according to a preset program, and the current is not changed in the other electrode circuit. To increase or increase.

By changing the direction of the electric field generated in the discharge gap in this way, the electrode spot can be correspondingly moved along the component without using the movable electrode, and the component can be processed according to a preset program.

The part to be processed may be connected to either the negative or positive terminal of the power supply. The parts in the former case are most suitable for cleaning, descaling, deburring and vaporizing the material of the parts, and in the latter case for polishing, heating, welding and cutting.

Further, preferably, the arc current value and the treatment time during the arc purification are such that the predetermined energy consumption is within the range of 0.1 to 0.8 kW-h / m ² μm.

Under the above conditions, it is possible to completely remove the scale from the surface to be processed without significantly eroding the parts to be processed and with sufficiently high process productivity.

Another object of the present invention is an apparatus for carrying out the above-described arc treatment method for a component, wherein a power supply member is attached to a holder and one line of which is connected to a component to be treated is connected to the other line of the power source. At least one electrode connected by means of an arc excitation system, and further electrically connected to a power supply, the potential difference of an electric field being equal to or close to zero when an arc is generated. At least one means for generating at least on the surface of the treatment zone of the component and / or on the working surface of the at least one electrode and limiting the transfer of the arc discharge plasma to the treatment zone of the component and / or the working surface of the at least one electrode And means for doing so.

In the device according to the invention, by providing said means for generating an electric field potential equal to or close to zero and means for limiting the movement of the arc plasma, the entire treatment zone of the component and / or the working surface of the electrode Selection of the component while minimizing electrode erosion by substantially equalizing the occurrence of electrode spots in the area and controlling the movement of the spot to other areas of the surface of the component and / or electrode. The zone can be treated sufficiently uniformly with an arc.

The means for producing a potential difference in the electric field during arcing that is equal to or close to zero on at least the surface of the treatment zone of the component is connected to the component symmetrically with the treatment zone, electrically connected to each other and of the power supply. The means may be in the form of at least two feeding members connected to one of the lines, and the means for producing a potential difference equal to or close to zero on the working surface of the at least one electrode during arcing are the treatment of the components. At least one power supply connected to the electrodes symmetrically to the working surface of the band or the electrodes, electrically connected to each other, and connected to a line of the power supply opposite to the line to which the power supply member of the component is connected. It may be in the form of a member.

This construction of the above means is the easiest to implement in practice due to its simple construction.

If the device is provided with at least two electrodes, they are preferably positioned symmetrically with the treatment zone.

This avoids asymmetrical erosion of the part to be processed.

Also preferably, if the device is provided with at least two electrodes, the electrodes are movably mounted relative to each other.

Thereby, the width of the processing band can be controlled.

When purging parts which are to be arced, especially in the form of rotating bodies, the shape of the electrodes is preferably a conical-mounted frustum of a cone having coaxial holes for receiving the part to be treated, the smaller of which The bottoms of the two shall face each other, and the angle defined by the generatrix and the height shall be in the range of 35 ° to 85 °.

Due to the above configuration of the electrodes, the erosion products of the parts to be cleaned are practically completely removed from the area of the discharge gap, and only a small part of these products is deposited on the working surface of the electrode. High reliability and long service life are guaranteed. The determination of the angle defined by the generatrix and height of the truncated cone in the range 35 ° to 85 ° is empirical. At angles below 35 ° arc stability is compromised and at angles above 85 ° most of the erosion products deposit on the electrodes resulting in rapid malfunction of the device.

The power feeding member is connected to the electrode at a portion adjacent to the large bottom of the truncated cone. Further, the power feeding member is connected to one of the electrodes by offsetting it toward the other electrode at a distance 1/2 of the distance between the power feeding members.

The above connection of the power supply member allows the arc spot of the cathode to be moved in a zigzag manner along the periphery of the component to be processed, which improves the uniformity of processing and reduces the possibility of fusion of the components when cleaning the same. Can be made.

When performing an arc treatment, particularly when performing an arc treatment of a rolled product, it is preferable that the electrodes have a shape of at least one pair of mirror-parallel prisms with an angle of inclination between mutually facing surfaces of 35 ° to 85 °. And Similar to the above-described embodiment of the truncated cone-shaped electrode, this configuration removes most of the erosion products from the component to be cleaned from the discharge gap, thus increasing the reliability of the device and prolonging its useful life. be able to. The range of 35 ° to 85 ° of this angle was selected as described above.

In addition, when performing treatment, especially when purifying rolled products,
Preferably, at least one pair of mirror-parallel prism-shaped electrodes are mounted symmetrically and parallel to the axis of the rolled product, and if at least two pairs of mirror-parallel prisms are provided, then those prisms are preferred. Position along the path of travel of the strip.

As a result, it is possible to uniformly purify a wide surface area of the article to be purified and improve the productivity of the process.

In certain applications, the electrodes are preferably mounted relative to each other so that the treatment zone of each arc discharge is covered by at least one other discharge treatment zone.

This allows the parts to be uniformly treated with multiple arcs at a time, which can correspondingly increase the productivity of the process.

In the case of processing a rolled strip, the apparatus is preferably provided with at least two pairs of the same electrodes attached to a holder, and these electrodes are preferably placed substantially in the center of the zone to be processed of the rolled product. It is provided as a pair symmetrically with a plane passing through at a right angle to the moving direction of the rolled product.

With the above device configuration, the throat portion of the rolled strip can be cleaned at a desired speed because of the parallelism and continuity of the surface treated by arc discharge when the rolled strip is moved.

Also preferably, the apparatus is provided with an auxiliary electrode mounted symmetrically with the main electrode on the opposite side of the rolled product.

This allows two-sided treatment of strips to be performed simultaneously.

More preferably, if the device has at least two electrodes, the device switches the feed members of those electrodes,
A switch is provided so that at least one of the electrodes can be constantly connected to the power supply.

The switch is used to reverse the direction of the electric field in the discharge gap without interrupting the arc to obtain a directional movement of the electrode spot of the arc along the part without moving the electrode.

Another apparatus for carrying out the method for arcing a component according to the present invention which achieves the above object, is attached to a holder, and
One line has at least one electrode connected by a power supply member to the other line of the power source connected to the component to be processed, and an arc excitation system, and further electrically connected to the power source. And, during the arcing, on the surface of the component and / or at least one of the electrodes, areas of higher and / or lower potential than the electric potential of other parts of the surface are produced and these areas are It is characterized by having at least one means for moving along the surface and means for limiting the movement of the arc discharge plasma to the treatment zone of the component and / or the working surface of the at least one electrode.

Said means for producing areas on the surface of the component and / or electrode, of higher and / or lower potential than the electric potential of the other surface, during the arcing and for moving those areas along said surface; And by providing the apparatus of the invention with means for limiting the movement of the plasma of the arc,
It is possible to move the extreme potential of the electrode spot of the arc following the above-mentioned area and to preset the selected component band by eliminating the movement of the spot to other areas of the component and / or the electrode. Can be processed according to the programmed program.

Preferably, the means for producing areas of higher and / or lower potential on the surface of the part during arcing and for moving said areas along said surface are different from each other. It is composed of at least two power feeding members connected to the parts and switches of the power feeding members that constantly connect the component and the power source.

Also, means for producing areas with a higher and / or lower potential on the surface of at least one electrode and for moving said areas along said surface during arcing are provided by means of electrode phase It may be configured by at least two power feeding members connected to different portions and switches of the power feeding members that constantly connect the electrodes and the power source.

The arrangement of the above means is extremely simple and does not require additional energy cost to move the electrode spot.

Preferably, the feed member is connected to the component and / or the electrode symmetrically with the treatment zone of the component and / or the working surface of the electrode.

By switching such power feeding members at the same rate, the arc spot can be uniformly and directionally moved along the treatment zone of the component and / or the working surface of the electrode, and the component can be uniformly treated by arc discharge. .

The power feeding member switch may be composed of a transformer, a rectifier, and an AC power supply. In this case, the transformer and the rectifier are connected to the power feeding member and the corresponding line of the power source is connected to the intermediate tap thereof. Connect to the terminal line on the secondary side, and connect the AC power supply to the primary side of the transformer.

When the switch is in operation, the rectifiers are alternately conducted in corresponding half cycles of the AC voltage, so that the power feeding member can be automatically switched electronically without opening the electric circuit. The switch is preferably used in combination with a standard DC power source, such as a welding rectifying converter.

The electrodes and parts may be connected to a polyphase AC power supply or a polyphase AC converter, and the number of power supply members in this case is equal to the number of phases of the polyphase AC power supply or polyphase AC converter or a multiple thereof. Then, the power feeding member switch is configured by a rectifier connected between each output line of the polyphase AC power source or the polyphase AC converter and at least one power feeding member.

By this connection, the rectifier is used for both the rectification of alternating current and the automatic electronic switching of the power feeding member without opening the electric circuit, and not only the desired switching of the power feeding member is performed, but also the number of the constituent parts of the electric circuit is changed. Can be reduced and the operational reliability of the device can be improved.

When the number of power supply members of the device is a multiple of the number of phases of the AC polyphase power supply or the polyphase AC converter, preferably, those power supply members are connected in groups, the number of those groups is the AC polyphase power supply or The number of phases of the multi-phase AC converter is made equal, and the feeding members of each group are distributed along the processing zone of the component and / or the working surface of the electrode.

With the above connection of the power feeding member, the number of electrodes or parts (or electrodes) that can be simultaneously switched can be increased several times, and the size of the processing zone of the processed part can be reduced to a fraction.

If the device comprises at least three or more power supply members, it is preferred that the power supply members are connected to these power supply members with respect to the processing surface of the component or along the working surface of the electrodes. Position in the order corresponding to the order of boosting in the output line of the phase-to-ac converter.

As a result, the condition for gradually moving the electrode spot from one power supply band of the component (electrode) to the other power supply band or one electrode to another electrode is obtained, and the coordinate fluctuation program set by the polyphase AC power supply is obtained. The parts can be processed according to.

In various embodiments of the invention, a component or electrode is connected to either the neutral point of the polyphase ac power supply or the polyphase ac converter or its output line through an auxiliary rectifier connected opposite the main rectifier. Is also good.

Although the embodiment in which the electrodes are connected to the neutral point of the power supply or the converter is simpler, the embodiment in which they are connected to the output line through the auxiliary rectifier reduces the fluctuation of the discharge current and stabilizes the arc. Can be increased. The choice of these choices will depend on the particular application.

Preferably, the means for limiting the arc discharge plasma transfer to the treatment zone of the component and / or to the working surface of the at least one electrode needs to be insulated from the electrical circuit, positioned away from the component and / or the electrode and treated. In the form of a screen that protects the non-active parts and / or the non-active surface of the electrode, and at least the part of the screen in the immediate vicinity of the active area of the electrode and / or the electrode is made of refractory material or reliably cooled.

This configuration of the above means is extremely simple and is very efficient from a functional point of view, and is suitable for carrying out the present invention.

In particular applications of the invention, the shape and position of the screen can vary. Thus, if one is to process parts in the shape of a rotor or if the electrodes are frustoconical in shape with coaxial holes, the screen is preferably mounted in those holes. If you want to process rolled strips on two sides,
Preferably, the screen is positioned between the electrodes on either side of the strip to be treated and the screen is mounted in the space between the electrode and the surface of the strip to be treated.

The position of the screen allows the device to perform best in such applications.

Yet another object of the present invention, which achieves the above object, is a device for carrying out the arc treatment method for a component, which is mounted on a holder and has one wire connected to a component to be processed by at least one other power supply member. The power supply or the other line of the polyphase AC converter, at least one electrode connected by a power supply member, and an arc excitation system, and further, a space between the component to be processed and the electrode. A means for compressing or partially limiting the arc discharge area, a part, and a mechanism for relatively moving the means for compressing or partially limiting the arc discharge area. Is characterized by.

By installing the means for compressing or partially limiting the arc discharge area in the space between the part to be processed and the electrode, and the installation of the mechanism for moving the part and this means relatively,
The desired treatment of the part can be performed according to a preset program by moving the electrode spots along the part to follow the compression or the partially confined area of the arc.

Preferably, the means for compressing the area of arc discharge in the space between the part to be processed and the electrode is located between the electrode and the part, and an opening corresponding to the area of the part to be processed is provided. It is composed of a screen that has.

This configuration of the device is extremely simple and easy to implement.

Preferably, the means for connecting the power supply member to the part on the side opposite to the excitation zone and for partially limiting the area of the arc discharge in the space between the part to be treated and the at least one electrode are electrode means. And a component to be treated, which is in the form of or is constituted by a screen which is positioned between the treatment zone and the feeding member to cover the component portion.

Thus, the electrode spot of the arc is moved toward the power supply member along the part and concentrated near the boundary of the screen, and when the target part and the screen are relatively moved, the desired surface of the part is moved by those spots. Process as before.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the arc treatment method for components according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the component 1 to be treated (FIG. 1) is provided with a vacuum chamber (not shown), and the component 1 and at least one electrode surrounding this component are supplied with a power source 3 Connect to. Part 1 under medium pressure below 10Pa
Between the electrode 2 and the electrode 2, the arc discharge is excited in the mode of the drooping part of the arc external voltage-current characteristic, or the same as this, but using the power supply 3 having the drooping external voltage-current characteristic. The arc excitation injects a small amount of plasma into the gap between the electrodes to form a conductive path between the component 1 and the electrode 2, for example, the connection between the electrode 2 and the auxiliary ignition electrode 4 which is limited by the resistor 5. Do by disconnecting. The arc generation mode is set by controlling the discharge current by, for example, the stable resistor 6.

When an arc is generated, a potential difference of the electric field equal to or close to zero is produced in the treatment zone of the component 1 and the working surface of the electrode 2. It is connected to the component 1 and the power supply 3 by means of two power supply members 8 which are connected symmetrically to the component 1 in its processing band, electrically connected to each other and to one line of the power supply 3. It can be obtained by connecting the electrode 2 and the power source 3 by the power feeding members 9 and 10 symmetrically connected to each other.

Furthermore, the moving area of the arc plasma is limited to the treatment zone of the component 1, for example by the screens 11 and 12, and to the working surface of the electrode 2, for example by the screen 13.

The electrodes, in particular the arcing cathode spot, such as a pure vacuum discharge, move naturally along the surface of the component 1 and the electrode 2 and excite the arc in the drooping mode of its voltage-current characteristic. If the discharge is performed by a power source 3 having a drooping external characteristic, the mobility of the spot is substantially enhanced. The above phenomena, which are often less desirable in the case of low pressure arcs, can be used in the method of the present invention to obtain useful results, namely uniform or other programmed treatment of the part surface.

In the above-described embodiment of the method of the present invention, a potential difference of near zero electric field is produced on the surface, so that the screen 11,1
The electrode spots of the arc can be generated substantially equally over the entire treatment zone of the component 1 defined by 2. The electrode spots can move randomly along the entire surface of the zone to treat it uniformly.

Embodiments of the method of the invention are characterized by the extreme simplicity of the apparatus for doing this, and the electrodes 2 may be in the form of inner surfaces of the vacuum chamber. However, when using this example,
High homogeneity treatments are not always available in all cases, typically when components are made of non-magnetic material and are positioned symmetrically near the treatment zone. It is necessary to keep in mind that high processing uniformity is obtained. In a special application of the above embodiment of the method, a potential difference of the electric field equal to or close to zero is applied simultaneously to the surface of the treatment zone of the component 1 and the working surface of the electrode 2 as described above, or Depending on the specific application
It only needs to occur on the surface of the component 1 or the working surface of the electrode 2.

If the desired homogeneity treatment cannot be obtained for some reason in the first embodiment of the method of the invention, or vice versa, different parts of the component must be treated differently, Other embodiments of this method described below can be used.

The difference between the arc treatment method of the component according to the second embodiment of the present invention and the method of the first embodiment is that a non-zero electric field potential difference is generated on the surface of the component 14 (Fig. 2) when an arc occurs. That is, the highest or lowest potential area is directionally moved according to a preset program according to the polarity of arc processing. Note that the electrode spot of the arc moves directionally to follow the area of extreme potential value along the surface of the component 14, and the component is moved according to a preset program.
A vacuum chamber casing 15 is used as an electrode (cathode) on which 14 is treated and in which the discharge is distributed evenly over the entire inner surface.

Another application of the second embodiment of the method of the invention differs from the above example in that at the time of arcing, at least one electrode 16 (FIGS. 3 and 4) has a zero surface. Other than that, the electric field potential difference is generated, and the highest or lowest potential area is directionally moved according to a preset program according to the polarity of the arc processing. The electrode spot of the arc moves directionally and follows the area of the extreme potential along the surface of the electrode 16 (Figs. 3 and 4), and the surface of the treatment zone of the component 17 is specified. Depending on the application, the arc mist is sufficiently uniformly surrounded by the plasma mist or the arc electrode spot moves directionally along the surface of the treatment zone to follow the electrode spot moving along the electrode 16.

It is also possible to combine the above examples of the second embodiment of the arc treatment method, in which case, during arcing, the areas of extreme potential on the surfaces of both the electrode and the part are moved so that Make sure to move the electrode spot of the arc. In practice, this method is very rarely used, because it requires more complex equipment to perform it.

As mentioned above, most preferably, the electric field of the electric field is fed by feeding to the area of the component 14 (Fig. 2) or the electrode 16 (Fig. 3, 4) far from the zone in which the electrode spot of the arc is located. A power supply member that obtains a potential difference and moves the area of the highest and / or lowest electric field potential difference to, for example, different parts of the component 14 (Fig. 2) or the electrode 16 (Figs. 3 and 4). 18,19,20 (Figs. 2 and 3) and part 14 (Fig. 2)
(Fig.) With the electrode 16 on the one hand and the component 14 on the other hand.
And the power source 3 (Figs. 2, 3, 4) can be constantly connected to the switch 21 (Fig. 2, Fig. 2,
(Fig. 3) (A magnetic contact type switch is shown here for the sake of simplicity of illustration, but a highly reliable electronic switch can be used as described below.)
(Fig.) Or by changing the position of the feed band of the electrode 16 (Figs. 3 and 4).

The above steps of generating and moving the area of the electrode potential value for moving the electrode spot of the arc are as follows. Part 14 (second part away from the zone of the arc electrode spot)
(Fig.) Or an area of electrode 16 (Figs. 3, 4) is energized and a current flows through component 14 (Fig. 2) or electrode 16 (Figs. 3, 4), thereby causing The equilibrium distribution of charges is broken, and a tangent component of electric field strength is generated. parts
The resulting electric field on the surface of 14 (Fig. 2) or electrode 16 (Figs. 3, 4) and the magnetic field of the current flowing through those components or electrodes act on the electrode spot of the arc discharge. And moves the spot towards the areas of highest and lowest potential, depending on the polarity of the arc treatment. Here, when the power feeding members 18, 19, 20 (FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4) are switched by the switch 21 without opening the electric circuit, the component 14 (FIG. 2) or the electrode 16 is switched.
When the position of the feeding band on (FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4) is changed, the area of the extreme potential value moves on the component and the electrode, and the discharge electrode spot follows it. Depending on the application, the time for energizing each of the power supply members 18, 19, 20 may be the same or different, and the component 14 (Fig. 2) or 17 (Fig. 4) may be processed according to a preset program. May be the same or different.

Both of the above-described both embodiments of the present invention can also be used to process elongated components. For this purpose, part 1
(Fig. 1) or 17 (Figs. 3 and 4) are moved relative to the electrodes 2 or 16 (Figs. 3 and 4), respectively,
And / or electrode 2 (Fig. 1) or 16 (Fig. 3,
(FIG. 4) is moved relative to part 1 (FIG. 1) or 17 (FIG. 4), respectively, to move the elongated part uniformly or otherwise along its length for programmed arc welding.

The third embodiment of the method of the present invention differs from the above embodiment in that the arc discharge plasma is generated in the space between the component 22 to be treated (Fig. 5) and the electrode 23 (so-called "discharge column"). The occupied area is preferably an opening provided between the electrode 23 and the component 22 and corresponding to the treatment zone 26 of the component 22.
The arc discharge area is composed of a screen 24 having 25 and is reliably moved by a means for compressing the arc discharge area, and in this case, the arc area is relative to the part 22 by a relative movement mechanism 27 connected to the screen 24. And / or moving the part 22 with respect to the area.

During this arcing stage, basically the electrode spot of the arc is from the electrode 23 to the part 22 and to the opening 25 in the screen 24.
Moving the component 22 beyond the limit of the treatment zone 26, which corresponds to the shortest distance, increases the length of the discharge column, which increases its resistance and impairs the conditions for arcing. Thus, the electrode spot either returns to portion 26 or disappears. In the latter case, a new electrode spot of the arc is formed by dividing the available electrode spot. During the relative movement of the screen 24 and the component 22 by the mechanism 27, the zone 26 corresponding to the shortest distance from the electrode 23 to the component 22 moves along the component 22. On the other hand, for the reasons mentioned above, it is quite likely that electrode spots will occur in this part so that they move and follow that part, arcing the part 22 according to the program set by the mechanism 27. It will be.

Examples of partial limitations of the arc discharge area in the space between the component and the electrode are shown in FIGS. 3, 4, 6 and 7. In this example, it is limited to the electrode 16 and the component.
Between the processing zone of the component and the feeding member 32, located between the component 29, or between the areas 29, 30, 31 (FIGS. 6, 7) and the component. This is done by means of a screen 28 (Fig. 4) or 28 '(Fig. 7) which covers the part of the part and supplies the part 17 on the side opposite to the arc excitation side. The electrode spot of the arc is the power supply member 32 along the part 17.
Towards the screen, concentrated near the boundaries of the screens 28, 28 ', and also to the component 17, screen 28 and electrode 15 (fourth
Fig.) Or screen 28 ', electrodes 29, 30, 31 (Fig. 6,
In the case of relative movement (Fig. 7), parts are
Seventeen desired surfaces are optionally treated.

Another method of reliably moving the arc electrode spot used in this method is to use a lower current value if at least two electrodes are used, or the current should be according to a preset program in the circuit of at least one electrode. It is interrupted and the current in those electrode circuits remains unchanged or increases. Current is in area 2 above
In the circuit of the electrodes 29,30,31 can be cut off as described above by the switch 21 of the power feeding members 33,34,35 of 9,30,31 (Fig. 6). In this circuit, the electrodes can be increased in the simplest way by means of resistors (not shown) connected in series with the feed members 33, 34, 35.

Due to the interruption or fluctuation of the current in the circuit of the electrodes 29, 30, 31 as described above, the direction of the electric field in the discharge gap is reversed and the directional movement of the electrode spot along the component 17 (or FIG. 6, FIG. 7). In the example shown in FIG. 1), the rotation of the spot along the periphery of the component 17 in the zone adjacent to the screen 28 ').

In the above examples of carrying out the method of the present invention, the part to be processed can be connected to either the negative or positive terminal of the power supply 3, except for the examples shown in FIGS. 2, 6 and 7. In the example, preferably part 14 (FIG. 2) or part 17
Connected to the negative terminal of the power supply 3. This is because in the opposite polarity, the casing of the vacuum chamber, which functions as an electrode, is eroded by the action of the cathode spot, and in the examples shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the electrodes 29, 30, 31 An arc break occurs during switching, and the probability of an arc break occurring increases with the switching rate, which is the time it takes for the arc cathode spot to occur on the switched electrodes 29, 30, 31. This is because this spot is the decisive factor for the occurrence of discharge.

As mentioned above, the negative polarity of the component is preferably used for cleaning, descaling and deburring the component, and vaporizing the material of the component, and the positive polarity of the component for heating, welding, cutting and polishing the component. Preference is given to using.

In the arc purification process, basically, the arc cathode spot is moved along the surface of the component to be processed, and the temperature of the spot area is set to 3000 to 5000 ° C. The moving speed to the cathode spot depends on the scale type and the degree of dirt on the surface of the component, but it is 10 ^-2
~ 10 ² m / s, and as the cathode spot moves,
The scale is removed and vaporized to clean the surface of the component. Deburring on the surface of the component and removal of small irregularities are similarly performed.

When performing arc purification as described in any of the above or the following examples, preferably, the arc current and the treatment time during the treatment, the specific energy consumption is 0.1 ~ 0.8kW-h / m ²
By maintaining the level within the range of μm, there is no noticeable erosion of the parts to be processed and the productivity of the process is sufficiently high to completely remove the scale from the surface to be cleaned.

In the process of arc vaporizing the material, a plasma jet is basically generated at the cathode spot of the vacuum arc. Unlike arc cleaning, the arc cathode spot in this process travels along the clean surface of the cathode made of material to be vaporized, and the erosion of the electrodes creates the medium needed to ignite the discharge. . The resulting metal plasma stream is directed there to a substrate on which it is concentrated to form a coating.

Typical coating formation rate 10 ^{-2 to} 5 x 10 ^-1 μm / s
In the method of the present invention, it is possible to generate a vapor having a high ionization degree of 20 to 100% (depending on the material of the cathode), and the energy of the ions is 10 to 100 eV, which enables the conventional thermal vaporization and Higher coating adhesion can be obtained compared to the cathode sputtering method. It is possible to form coatings consisting of both metals and alloys, and by supplying reagent gases (nitrogen, methane, etc.) it is possible to form layers of complex composition using direct synthetic plasma chemistries. it can.

The steps that occur during welding and cutting of parts using the method according to the invention are similar to those that occur during shielded arc welding and cutting. The difference between them is that the movement of the arc electrode spot is done using the above technique rather than moving the electrodes as in conventional methods. The advantage of the method of the invention is that the treatment of the component can be carried out in a vacuum to completely avoid the reaction of the incandescent material of the component with the medium, and thus of components made of active materials such as titanium and its alloys. The processing (welding) quality can be improved.

Specific embodiments of the apparatus for carrying out the above embodiments of the method of the present invention are described below.

An arc treatment device, preferably a device for arc treatment of elongated parts, for example rods, comprises at least two coaxially mounted and positively cooled electrodes 36, 37 (first) having coaxial holes for receiving the part to be treated 1. Figure 8) is included. The electrodes 36, 37 are in the form of truncated cones with their short bases facing each other and the angle defined between the generatrix and the height of these truncated cones is between 35 ° and 85 °. Between the part 1 and the electrodes 36, 37 there are provided screens 38, 39 respectively in the said holes of the electrodes, which screens are made of a heat-resistant material and which are the treated surface of the part 1 and the electrodes 36, 37. It functions as a means for limiting the movement of arc discharge plasma on the working surface of 37.

The device also includes means for generating an electric field potential on the surface of the treatment zone of the component 1 which is equal to or close to zero when an arc is generated, the means being formed by two feeding members 7,8. The member is connected symmetrically to the treatment zone with the component 1, electrically connected to each other and to the negative terminal of the power supply 3, and the device is at the working surface of the electrodes 36, 37 equal to or equal to zero. It also includes means for producing a close electric field potential difference, and this means is used for feeding members 40, 41, 42 (9th
Fig.), 43, 44, 45 (Fig. 10), these feeding members are electrically connected to each other, and the long bottoms of the truncated cones of the electrodes 36, 37 are symmetrical to the working surface of the electrodes. And the feeding members 40, 41, 42 are offset toward the electrode 37 by 1/2 of the distance between the feeding members 43, 44, 45 as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. It is connected to the electrode 36. The power supply member
40, 41, 42 also act as a holder for the electrode 36, and the power feeding member 4
3,44,45 act as a holder for the electrode 37.

Electrodes 36 and 37 (Fig. 8) are movably attached to each other to adjust the width of the processing zone and to
Mechanism 46 allows movement during processing. The parts to be processed 1 and the electrodes 3 are mounted in the vacuum chamber (not shown).
6,37, the ignition electrode 4, and at least a part of the screen.

This device is used to carry out a first embodiment of the method of the invention and functions as follows.

With the medium pressure in the vacuum chamber set to 10 Pa or less, arc discharge is performed between the electrodes 36, 37 (FIG. 8) and the workpiece 1 by the ignition electrode 4. The discharge current is adjusted by the stabilizing resistor 6.

In the cleaning process, basically, the cathode spot of the arc is moved along the surface of the component 1 and the temperature of those spots is adjusted.
The value should be 3000-5000 ℃. The moving speed of the cathode spot is determined according to the type of scale on the surface of the component 1 and the degree of contamination, but it is set to 10 ^-2 to 10 ² m / s and the scale is removed and vaporized while moving those cathode spots. And thus purify the surface.

By symmetrically feeding the component 1 and the electrodes 36, 37, an electric field potential difference equal to or close to zero is maintained on the surface of the component even when an arc is generated, and the part of the treatment band of the component 1 is maintained. Located between areas 36 and 37, screen 3
The cathode spot is generated substantially the same in all areas defined by 8,39. The cathode spots move randomly over the entire surface of the treatment zone to uniformly clean the part 1 in that zone. When cleaning the entire surface of the component 1, the feed mechanism 46 moves the component linearly with respect to the electrodes 36, 37.

Due to the conical working surfaces of the electrodes 36, 37, the erosion products of the part to be cleaned 1 are virtually completely removed from the area of the arc gap, with only a small fraction of these products. Is deposited on the working surfaces of the electrodes 36, 37, the reliability of the device is increased and the useful life thereof is extended.
The value of the inclination angle of the conical generatrix between 35 ° and 85 ° is between 35 ° and 85 °, the possibility of erosion products depositing on the anode is low, while the stability of arc generation is high, and the emission angle of erosion products is high. It is selected by experience in mind. If the angle with the generatrix of the cone is 30 ° or less and the arc breaks, and if the angle is 85 ° or more, most of the erosion products are generated by the electrodes 36,37.
Therefore, the conditions for arc generation change.

It has been empirically discovered that, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the feeding members 40, 41, 45 are offset by a distance 1/2 between the feeding members 43, 44, 45 toward the electrode 37. When 42 is connected to the electrode 36, the arc cathode spot moves zigzag along the perimeter of the component 1 to enhance process uniformity, reduce the likelihood of melting the component during its cleaning, and increase surface area of the component,
Improves the quality of purification, especially when processing cotton harvester spindles.

The highest purification quality can be obtained by selecting the arc generation condition, the distance between the electrodes 36 and 37, and the moving speed of the component 1.

630mm with 12mm diameter steel rod and 4 rows of teeth on the outer surface
Spindle descaling of cotton harvesters in the form of long tubes was performed on a commercial scale. Good cleaning quality was obtained under the conditions of the arc electrode 50A, the moving speed of the parts to be cleaned 30 to 50 mm / s, and the distance between the electrodes 30 to 35 mm.

Preferably, the arc treatment device for rolled strips is shown in FIGS. 11 and 12.
Shown in FIG. This device includes a vacuum chamber 47 (FIG. 11) containing a casing electrode 48 and an ignition electrode 4, 4 '. The electrode 48 is rigidly attached to a common holder (not shown). The terminal portion of the vacuum chamber 47 contains an inlet closing device 49 and an outlet closing device 50.

The vacuum chamber 47 is a vacuum system vacuum pump by a pipeline 51.
Connected to 52. The inlet closing device 49 and the outlet closing device 50 are provided with driven tension rollers 53, 54, respectively.
The strip 55 is adapted to move (in tension) with respect to the electrode 48.

The apparatus further comprises means for producing an electric field potential difference on the surface of the treatment zone of the rolled product 55 which is equal to or close to zero in the event of an arc, which means is provided by the feeding member 7 ',
In the shape of 8 ', they are connected to the rolled product 55 to be processed symmetrically to these processing zones, electrically connected to each other, and the positive terminal to the negative terminal of the power source 3 connected to the electrode 48. It is connected.

The electrodes 48 are composed of at least one pair (4 pairs in this embodiment) of mirror-parallel prisms whose surfaces face each other and are inclined at an angle of 35 ° to 85 °. , Their working surfaces are symmetrical to the axis of the strip 55 and
It is positioned parallel to its axis as shown.
When using two or more pairs of electrodes 48 composed of mirror-parallel prisms in the apparatus, they are attached along the moving path of the rolled strip 55 (shown in FIG. 12).

If rolled products need to be double-sided, the device is equipped with auxiliary electrodes 56 (Figs. 11, 12, 13) that are symmetrical to the main electrode 48 on the opposite side of the rolled product 55. Mounted and connected to the power supply 3 in the same manner as the electrode 48.

The positively cooled screen 57 limits the movement of the arc discharge plasma to the treatment zone of the rolled product 55 and the working surfaces of the electrodes 48, 56. In the case of a two-sided treatment of a rolled product, the 57 is preferably placed between the electrodes 48, 56 mounted on the opposite side of the rolled product 55 (Fig. 13). Preferably, the screen 57 is secured to the outer facets of the electrodes 48,58 and insulated from them by an insulating sleeve 58 (Fig. 13). Vacuum chamber
A hopper 59 having a vacuum sealing gate 60 is provided at the bottom of the casing of 47.

The operation of this device is as follows. Strip article 55 (Fig. 11)
Is sent to the vacuum chamber 47 by the tension rollers 53 and 54, and is positioned under tension in the space between the electrodes 48 and 56. The pressure in the vacuum chamber 47 is reduced to 10 Pa or less by the vacuum pump 52 through the pipeline 51. Turn on the power supply 3 and start the electrode 4 by the ignition electrodes 4 and 4 '.
An arc discharge is generated between 8,56 and the strip 55. When the electric discharge is started, the pulling rollers 53, 54 start moving the strip 55 passing through the vacuum chamber 47.

As a result of the investigation according to the present invention, it was found that the scale had an action of reducing it to pure metal, and the rest of the scale was vaporized and adhered to the wall surface of the vacuum chamber. The scale attached to the wall surface is removed to the bottom of the vacuum chamber 47 with a brush and put into a hopper 59 having a special closed chamber 60 with a gate.
Transfer to the outside of the vacuum chamber without losing the airtightness of 47. The released gas is removed by continuously operating the pump. Thus, the provision of the frustoconical mirror-arranged prism-shaped electrodes 48, 56 solves two problems simultaneously. That is, on the one hand, the eroded part does not obstruct the arcing zone, and the eroded part does not deposit on the electrodes 48, 56 (described above for the range of tilt angles of the prism facets), and on the other hand , Those electrodes, in the vicinity of the cathode surface, that is, to generate a uniform electric field on the article 55 to be purified, the conditions for bringing high-quality purification of the surface to the distribution of the cathode spot on the surface. Obtainable. The number of cathode spots is proportional to the discharge current, but not infinite. Is considered the critical current, the value of which is a structural feature of the device,
At a certain current, which depends on the material of the rolled product and the pressure of the medium, there is a change in the arc discharge mode, which causes the arc to move from a moving arc to a concentrated arc instead of one or both electrodes 48. To thaw.
This phenomenon limits the maximum width of the strip 55, which makes it possible to obtain a sufficiently uniform distribution of the cathode spots. When the width of the rolled product 55 is increased, the arc current increases, so that a sufficient number of cathode spots can be obtained. However, this is only possible within certain limits, because the currents above the critical current cause the electrodes to melt. The arc current must not be reduced unambiguously when carrying out the treatment of narrow strips 55. If so,
This is because the arc is cut off. Experience has shown that the apparatus of the present invention is capable of completely cleaning strips of width 20 to 100 mm.

The above equipment can be used to clean rolled strips by arc discharge in vacuum, and can clean both sides of strips in high quality and uniformly when treating metal strips of metal, non-metals and alloys. This is because the power source 3 works independently.

The strip 55 treated by arc discharge in vacuum has a good appearance. Its high corrosion resistance and large surface area, which is especially important in coating formation.

When processing (purifying) rolled products with a width of 100 mm or more,
The apparatus shown in FIGS. 15, 15 and 16 is used. This device is different from the above-mentioned device in that the electrodes 61 and 62 in the form of mirror-parallel prisms are formed at right angles to the moving direction of the strip 64, and the center of the treatment zone of the strip 64 is formed. Passing plane 63 (16th
(Fig.), And the adjacent electrodes 61 are attached to each other so as to cover each treatment zone of the arc discharge with the treatment zone of at least one other discharge, and the screens 65, 66 (first (Fig. 14, Fig. 15, Fig. 16) are located in the space between the electrodes 61, 62 and the surface to be treated of the strip 64.

With this device configuration, it is possible to purify rolled strips of any cross section at a desired speed.
This is because the surface to be treated is covered in parallel and continuously.

Above, we have mainly described an apparatus for purifying arcs of parts. However, as mentioned above, the method of the present invention is also very effective when used to vaporize various materials to form coatings. Such use of this method is shown in FIGS. 17, 18, 19, and 20, which show an apparatus for practicing a second embodiment of the method of the present invention.

Arc treatment, that is, the vaporization device shown in FIG. 17,
The difference from the device shown in FIG. 2 is that instead of the component 14,
Consumable cathode 67 (No. 17)
(See Figure) and facing the elongated slender support 68
Is positioned, and a means for generating areas on the surface of the cathode having a potential lower than that of the other parts of the cathode 67 during the arcing and for moving these areas along the surface. , The two feeding members 18 and 20 connected to the opposite ends of the cathode 67 and also acting as a cathode holder, the transformer 69, the feeding members 18 and 20, and the negative terminal of the power supply 3 connected to the intermediate tap thereof. Is connected to the secondary side terminal line of the transformer 69 and is connected to the switch of the power feeding member 18, 20 and the primary side of the transformer 69, which is composed of rectifiers 70 and 71 The AC power supply 72 is included.

The operation of this device is as follows. Medium pressure less than 10 ^-2 Pa (this medium pressure is necessary to exclude the reaction of vaporized material with residual gas), casing 15 (anode) and consumable power supply
An arc discharge is generated between the consumable electrode 67 and the discharge electrode 67 by the ignition electrode 4. This arc discharge is generated in the vapor of the material of the consumable electrode 67 and is concentrated on the working surface of the cathode 67 by the screen 11.

A power supply member, one of which is connected to the power supply 3 at a predetermined moment
The arc discharge current flowing from the arc cathode spot toward the cathode 18 or 20 through the cathode 67 creates a field potential difference on the surface of the cathode 67, which causes the arc cathode spot to move towards the lower potential band. Rectifier 70,71 is power supply 3
Alternating half-cycles of alternating voltage of 2 alternating the cathode 6
The power supply members 18 and 20 of 7 are automatically switched, and
The direction of the electric field on the surface of 67 is reversed and the cathode spot is reciprocated along the cathode 67 at a rate corresponding to the frequency of the alternating voltage.

Thus, uniform erosion of the cathode 67 material occurs so that the coating thickness is uniform over the length of the support 68.

To produce a uniform coating around the perimeter of the support 68, the support is rotated about its axis, and if the coiled part is to be metal plated, the work piece should be placed on the cathode 67. Release the coil winding state above. If desired, the device can be used in any spatial position.

FIG. 18 shows a device for arcing, in particular vaporization, in which the cathode 73 is in the form of a ring of material to be vaporized and the anode is similar to the device described above, the cathode 73
And in the form of a vacuum chamber casing 74 containing the metal plated support 75. This device is connected to the power supply of the polyphase AC converter and also produces areas of potential on the surface of the cathode 73 which are lower than those of the other parts of the surface of the cathode 73 during arcing. Means for moving along the surface, the number of power supply members 77, 78, 79, the number of which corresponds to the divisor of the AC voltage converter 76 of the power supply, and the power supply member corresponding to each output line of the converter 76. And a switch of the power supply member in the form of a rectifier 80, 81, 82 connected between, the cathode of the rectifier 80, 81, 82 is connected to the converter 76, and also of that converter. The neutral point is connected to the casing 74 (anode) of the device. The power supply members 77, 78, 79 are connected to respective portions of the cathode 73 arranged at intervals along the periphery thereof, and the cathode thereof is
Acts as a holder for 73. Since the rectifiers 80, 81, 8 are connected in similar lines to the cathode 73, the current flow in this embodiment is casing 74 (anode) -cathode 73-feeding member 77, 78 or 79 (either of these). The electric potential of the circuit becomes minimum at a given moment) -flows only in the circuit of the rectifier 80, 81 or 82 connected in series with the power supply member-the converter 76-the casing 74 (anode).

In this device, the cathode spot of the arc moves directionally along the vaporization surface of the cathode 73 and follows the lowest potential area of that electrode according to the coordinate changing program set by the AC converter 76. In the symmetrical polyphase (three phases in this embodiment) system and symmetrical positions of the power supply members 77, 78, 79, the cathode 73
Uniform movement of the cathode spot along and uniform vaporization of the cathode material is obtained.

Due to the rigged shape of the cathode 73 in this device, a more uniform film thickness is obtained over a much larger surface area than in the case of the disk-shaped small diameter cathode in conventional arc vaporizers.

The device shown in FIGS. 19 and 20 is different from the device shown in FIG. 18 in that its anode is an auxiliary rectifier whose main rectifiers 80, 81 and 82 face each other and are connected to the output line of the converter 76. 84,85,86 metallized support 83 (Figs. 19 and 20) connected to the cathodes
It is in the shape of (Fig.). The consumable ring-shaped cathode 87 has a vaporized inner surface, and the power feeding members 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93 that also function as holders of the cathode 87 are connected symmetrically with the surroundings, The number of members corresponds to twice the total number of AC power supply voltages (generally, the number of power feeding members is a multiple of the number of phases). Power supply members 88 and 91, 89 and 9
2, 90 and 93 are electrically connected in groups, the number of groups is equal to the number of phases of the converter 76, and each group is connected to the output line of the power source through the rectifiers 80, 81, 82. . Further, the power feeding members 91, 92, 93 are connected in series below the power feeding members 88, 89, 90 along the circumference of the electrodes, and the power feeding members 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93 are these power feeding members 88. , 89,90,91,9
The output lines of the converter 76 connected to 2,93 are provided one after another in the order of boosting. A heat resistant screen 94 (FIG. 20) is provided apart from the outer and end surfaces of the cathode 87 to concentrate the cathode spot on the surface of the vaporized cathode.

During operation of the device shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, the cathode spot moves along the inner surface of the consumable cathode 87 and the vaporized material deposits on the outer surface of the component 83. The difference between this device and the device described above is that the cathode spot passing through the band of the feeding members 88, 89, 90 enters the band of the feeding members 91, 92, 93 or vice versa, and the maximum diameter of the cathode 87 is set to 2 And the maximum diameter of the coated component 83 can also be larger (if the cathode diameter needs to be increased significantly, the number of feed members can be increased and / or
Alternatively, the frequency of the power supply voltage can be reduced. In this case, since the spot can be uniformly moved along the inner surface of the cylinder of the cathode 87, the component 83 can be coated with a uniform thickness over the entire circumference without rotating the component 83. To apply a uniform thickness coating to the length of component 83, the component is moved linearly along the axis of cathode 87. Since the rectifiers 84, 85, 86 are provided in this device, the fluctuation of the discharge current is lower than that of the device shown in Fig. 18, and thus the stability of the arc generation, especially when the material is vaporized with a low partial vapor pressure. Can be higher.

The functionality of the arc vaporizer shown in FIGS. 17, 18, 19, and 20 is not limited to the above examples. This is because the vaporizer is not only a ring-shaped and linear cathode, but also an elliptical, polygonal, zigzag-shaped cathode (FIG. 18,
It is also possible to use open-ended cathodes (see Fig. 19 and Fig. 20) and open-ended cathodes (Fig. 17), so coat parts with complicated shapes and, if necessary, even coatings with uneven thickness. Because you can Part of such a cathode is made of different materials, and the composition ratio of the coating is
By allowing the ratio of the lengths of the cathode part made of such components to be varied within a wide range, one has the unique opportunity to form coatings of complex composition.

Figures 21 and 22 show the possibility of using the above equipment to vacuum weld parts of active metals such as titanium and its alloys that are difficult or difficult to process in air or shielding gas. Shows. Combination of parts to be welded 95, 96 (Fig. 22, this is a flange at 97)
Electrode into the hole in electrode 87 and place the arc spot in
The heat-resistant screen 98, which is installed apart from each other, allows the joints to be concentrated at the joints between the parts, and FIGS.
As described in the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 7, the part 96 between the welded seam 97 and the feeding member 99 of the part 96 is welded.
Cover the part. When the arc begins to occur, Fig. 19, Fig. 20
Similar to the embodiment shown in the figure, the cathode spot moves directionally along the inner surface of the electrode 87 (Fig. 22), and the anode spot moves along the periphery of the flange 97 to melt its edge uniformly. In this way, the parts 95 and 96 can be welded in a high quality and airtight manner.

Welding can also be done without bulges, in which case the welding process must be terminated by upsetting the seam by a special mechanism (not shown) in order to obtain a high quality weld.

Small diameter pipeline welding of stainless steel and titanium alloys was carried out under vacuum (medium pressure 2 × 10 ^-2 Pa) on a commercial scale with the equipment shown in FIGS. 1, 21 and 22.
For a pipe with an outer diameter of 10 mm, the arc current was 120 A, the arc voltage was 30 V, and the power supply voltage was 80 V. The arc generation time in upset welding was 7 seconds, and the arc generation time was 10 seconds in spark welding using a flanged edge. In both cases strong and airtight seams were formed, but
The apparatus shown in FIGS. 22 (a) and 22 (b) was able to obtain a more uniform seam fusion along the perimeter of the welded product as compared to that formed by the apparatus shown in FIG.

The same device (Figs. 1, 18) can also be used to cut parts in a vacuum, and for this purpose the part to be cut is surrounded by electrodes 2 or 87 and the arc current is Either higher or longer exposure of the part to be treated to the arc, either of which results in a cutting action.

The electronic switch is shown in FIG. 18, FIG. 19, FIG. 20, FIG.
Not only can it be used to connect a single electrode feed member as shown in FIG. 22, but also different electrodes as shown in FIG. 23 and FIG. 24 showing arc purification of the inner surface of pipes and other hollow parts. It can also be used to switch the power feeding member of.

The electrodes 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105 of the device shown in FIG. 23 are positioned inside the hollow portion 106 to be treated (FIG. 24)) and attached to the holder. The holder is connected to a mechanism that moves the electrodes relative to the component 106 (the holder and mechanism not shown). Electrodes 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105 (23rd
Number) is equal to twice the number of phases of the power supply voltage (generally this is equal to or a multiple of the number of phases), and the feeding members 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93 is connected to the electrodes 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105 in an order corresponding to the order of boosting in the output line of the converter connected to these power supply members. A power supply member 107 (Fig. 24) is connected to the end surface of the processed part 106, and the screen 108 is the screen 2 shown in Fig. 7.
It has the same function as 8 '. The resistors 109 and 110 (FIG. 24) have the same function as the resistor 5, and since there is no voltage in the circuit of the resistor 5 every second half cycle of the power supply voltage, it is necessary to provide these resistors.

The device also has means for evacuating the interior of component 106 (not shown).

During operation of the apparatus shown in FIG. 24, the cathode spot moves along the inner surface of the hollow part 106 to clean the circular portion of the inner surface. Passing through the zone of electrodes 100, 101, 102 enters the zone of cathode spot electrodes 103, 104, 105 and vice versa, thereby increasing the maximum diameter of 106 that can be purified (need to process larger diameter components). In some cases, it is necessary to increase the number of electrodes and lower the frequency of the power supply voltage). By moving the electrodes 100, 102, 103, 104, 105 and the screen 108 along the axis of the part 106, the entire inner surface of the part can be uniformly cleaned.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the component processing method and the apparatus thereof of the present invention, scale removal, purification, deburring of components,
And vaporization of various materials and formation of coatings, heating of various parts, welding and cutting, and other types of
This results in an ecologically safe production process in which the arcing of parts is accomplished by moving the arc in a vacuum. Note that a movable electrode or external electric field is not required to move the arc, which simplifies the device.

The parts cleaned by the above method and apparatus have a commercially good enough appearance. Their corrosion resistance is high, and the coating applied to their parts is highly adhesive.

According to the arc vaporizer of the present invention, it is possible to generate a concentrated flow of metal plasma that can be directed in a desired direction. These devices perform the vaporization of metals and alloys, the formation of strong and malleable structural coatings, the deposition of layers of complex materials (oxides, nitrates, etc.) using plasma-chemical direct synthesis reactions. Can be used for

According to the welding of various parts in a vacuum of the present invention, the edges of the parts to be welded are preliminarily cleaned and the reaction with the medium of the molten metal is excluded, and particularly, for the parts of the active metal such as titanium and its alloys. In welding, the quality of the welded seam can be improved.

The method and apparatus of the present invention allow the production process to be carried out both on the ground and in space and can be used as a basis for the development of promising advanced production equipment in various technical fields.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for carrying out a first embodiment of a method for arcing a component according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an example of a second embodiment of a method for arcing a component according to the present invention. FIG. 3 shows an apparatus for carrying out another example of the second embodiment of the method according to the invention, FIG. 4 shows a sectional view according to line IV-IV in FIG. 3, FIG. FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for carrying out a third embodiment of a method for arcing a part of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a step for reliably moving an arc electrode spot along a part by switching electrodes. FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the apparatus, FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line VII-VII of FIG. 6, FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an apparatus for arcing (cleaning) an elongated component according to the present invention, and FIG. 9 is FIG. FIG. 10 is an arrow A view, FIG. 10 is an arrow B view of FIG. 8, and FIG. 11 is a rolling strip arc treatment according to the present invention. Purification)
12 is a schematic view of the apparatus for use in the present invention, FIG. 12 shows the structure of the electrode device of the apparatus shown in FIG. 11, FIG. 13 is a view on arrow C of FIG. 12, and FIG. Processing (purification)
15 is a schematic view of the electrode device, FIG. 15 shows the structure of the electrode device of the device shown in FIG. 14, FIG. 16 is a view of the electrode device shown in FIG. FIG. 18 is a schematic view of a device for arc vaporization using an elongated consumable cathode having a structure, FIG. 18 shows an arc vaporizer having an endless consumable cathode, FIG. 19 shows an arc vaporizer for coating the outer surface of an elongated component, and FIG. FIG. 21 is a sectional view taken along line XX-XX in FIG. 19, FIG. 21 is a schematic view of an apparatus for performing vacuum welding and cutting with a movable arc according to the present invention, and FIG. 22 is taken along line XX II-XX II in FIG. FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view, FIG. 23 is a schematic view of an apparatus for arcing (cleaning) the inner surface of a hollow component (pipe) according to the present invention, and FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XX IV-XX IV in FIG. (Explanation of symbols) 1 ... part, 2 ... electrode, 3 ... power supply, 4 ... ignition electrode, 5 ... resistor, 6 ... stable resistance, 7,8 ... feeding member, 9,10 ... … Power supply member, 11,12,13 …… Screen, 14 …… Component, 15 …… Electrode (vacuum chamber casing), 16 …… Electrode, 17 …… Component, 18,19,20 …… Power supply component, 21… … Feeding member switch, 22 …… parts, 23 …… electrodes, 24 …… screen, 25 …… screen hole, 26 …… processed parts, 27 …… mechanism, 28,28 ′ …… screen, 29,30, 31 …… electrode, 32,33,34,35 …… feeding member, 36,37 …… cooled electrode, 38,39 …… screen.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Moisei Haimoviti Esteris Soviet Union, Tashkent, Massif Yunus-Abad, Kbaltar 11,7, Kbalchiera 74 (72) Inventor Yuri Valentinovic Holoshhin Soviet Union, Tashkent, Prospect Cosmonaphtov, 6, Kvartilla 5 (72) Inventor Hradimir Nikolaevich Arsta Moff Soviet Union, Tashkent, Tees-1,33, Kvartilla 34 (72) Inventor Emanuel Isahalovic Aminof Soviet Union, Tashkent, Uritsa 1 Sapernaya, 23 Person Albert Evgenyevich Astafiev Soviet Union, Tashkent, Massiffiso Koboltni , 129, Kvartilla 41 (72) Inventor Ivan Filipovich Dubolzak Soviet Union, Kramatorsk, Ulyza Sikornaya, 12, Kvartilla 115 (72) Inventor Valery Nikolaevich Kazakov Soviet Union, Tashkent, Masif Yunus-Abad, 7 Kbaltal Chira 27 (72) Inventor Alexander Anatolyevich Sokolov Soviet Union, Tashkent, Massif Yunus-Abad, Kbaltar 2,13, Kbal Thira 1 (72) Inventor Rustam Madryimovic Tangli Bergenov Soviet Union, Tashkent, Urizam Minor 4, Kvartilla 11 (72) Inventor Evgenii Nikolaevich Tokarev Soviet Union, Tashkent, Masif Severo Bostok 2, Ulitsa Kadirova, 13, Kvartilla 49 (72) Inventor Fradymir E Ryanovich Brato Soviet Union, Tashkent, Uritsa Abidboi, 127, Kvarchira 38 (72) Inventor Alexei Ivanovich Veloborodov Soviet Union, Izevsk, Ulyza Pastujova, 88, Kbaruchila 37 (72) Inventor Jenadi Filipovich Priusvic N. Kurchenko, 7, Kubaruchila 79 (72) Inventor Yuri Moiseevich Zui Soviet Union, Tashkent, Ulitsa Novomoskovskaya, 21 Ar, Kvartilla 115 (72) Inventor Pavel Felixovich Kirson Soviet Union, Tashkent, Chiranzar, Kbaltal 3, 4, Kbaltala 3, (72) Inventor Dushan Duragtinovich Gulych Soviet Union, Tashkent, Massif Yunus-Abad, Kbaltar 6,22, Kbalchiera 23 (72) Inventor Evgeny Usherovich Gelsovich Soviet Union, Kramatorsk, Uritsaparkobala, 10 47 (72) Inventor Grigori Irubimovich Heifetz Soviet Union, Kramatorsk, Uritsa Lunacharskogo, 8, Kvartilla 20 (72) Inventor Leonty Nikolaevich Dmitrov Uto, Permuskaya Oblast, Nituba, Uritsa Renina, 12, Kvartilla 5 (72) Inventor Sergei Hrady Milovich Nashaty Lev Soviet Union, Tula, Ulitza Kutzova, 44/2, Kvartilla 69 (72) Inventor Ivan Petrovich Velovrov Soviet Union, Kramatrsk, Ulitsa Sadobaya Borshaya, 60, Kvartilla 4 (72) Inventor Yuri Mikhailovich Martsev Soviet Union, Borgodonsk, Prospect Kurchatova, 27/1, Kvartilla 193 (72) Inventor Askar Hradidi Milovich Abichov Tashkent, TS-4,31, Kvartilla 19 (72) Inventor Abdukhai Isaevich Yunusov Soviet Union, Tashkent, Ulitsa Aziaskaya, 5/7 (72) Inventor Svetlana Fyachi Surabofuna Pichi co-Soviet Union, Tashkent, Uritsua mosquitoes Diroba, 25, Kubaruchira 58

Claims (21)

[Claims] 1. A part to be processed (1) and at least one electrode (2) are connected to a power source (3), and atmospheric pressure is applied between the part to be processed (1) and at least one electrode (2). In the arc treatment method of the parts which arc discharge under the following medium pressure and generate plasma moving at least along the cathode, the above steps are carried out under the medium pressure of 10 Pa or less, and the arc discharge is performed by the arc voltage current. Perform in the mode of the drooping part of the characteristic,
Using a power supply (3) with a drooping external voltage-current characteristic, the potential difference of the electric field equal to or close to zero is
To be generated on the surface of at least the treatment zone of the component (1) to be treated or on the working surface of at least one electrode (2), and to limit the moving area of the arc plasma to the treatment zone of the component and / or the electrode surface. Arc processing method for parts, characterized in that 2. The parts to be processed (14,1) are connected to a power source (3) to connect the parts (14,17) to be processed and at least one electrode (16).
In a method of arc treatment of a part, wherein arc discharge is performed under a medium pressure below atmospheric pressure between 7) and at least one electrode (16) to generate plasma moving at least along the cathode, It is carried out under a medium pressure of 10 Pa or less, and the arc discharge is performed in the mode of the drooping part of the voltage-current characteristic of the arc.
A power source (3) having a drooping external voltage-current characteristic is used to generate a potential difference of an electric field other than zero, at least the surface of the treated zone of the component (14) and at least one electrode (16).
The arc treatment method for the part, wherein the moving part of the arc / plasma is limited to the treatment zone of the part (14) and the surface of the electrode (16) or one of them. 3. A potential difference of an electric field is generated by feeding power to a part (14) and an electrode (16) or one part away from a zone where an electrode spot of an arc is located, and a maximum and minimum potential of the electric field or one of Method according to claim 2, wherein the area is moved by changing the position of the feed band on the component (14) and / or the electrode (16). 4. A component (1, 17) comprising at least one electrode (2,
Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein it is moved with respect to 16) or at least one electrode (2,16) is moved with respect to the component (1,17). 5. A component (17,22) to be treated and at least one electrode (16,23,29,30,31) are connected to a power source (3), and at least one component (17,22) is treated. One electrode (16,23,29,3
0,31) and arc discharge under a medium pressure of atmospheric pressure or less, to generate a plasma moving along at least the cathode in the arc treatment method of the component, the step of the medium pressure of 10Pa or less It is carried out under the following conditions, arc discharge is performed in the mode of the drooping part of the voltage-current characteristic of the arc,
Using a power supply (3) with a drooping external voltage-current characteristic, the processed part (17,22) and at least one electrode (16,2)
(3,29,30,31) The arc discharge area in the space between (3,29,30,31) is compressed or partially limited to that space And (17,22) parts are moved with respect to the arc discharge area thereof. 6. When using at least two electrodes (29,30,31), lower the electrode value according to a preset program in the circuit of at least one electrode (29,30,31), or Cuts off the current and the other electrode (29,30,
The method according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the current in the circuit according to 31) is left unchanged or increased. 7. A method according to claim 1, 2 or 5, wherein the parts to be treated (1, 14, 17, 22) are connected to the negative terminal of the power supply. 8. An arc processing device for parts, wherein one line is attached to a holder and one of the lines is a processed part (1,55,64).
At least one electrode (36,37,48,56,61, connected to the other line of the power source (3) connected to the power supply member (40,41,42,43,44,45) by 62) and an arc processing device of a component having an arc excitation system, which is electrically connected to a power source (3) and generates a potential difference of an electric field equal to or close to zero when the arc is generated. 1,55,64) treatment zone surface and at least one electrode (36,37,48,56,61,62) working surface or at least one means for generating, and a component (1,55,64) ) Processing zone and at least one electrode (36,
37, 48, 56, 61, 62) or a means for limiting the movement of arc discharge plasma to one side. 9. The means for producing a potential difference of an electric field, which is equal to or close to zero, at least on the surface of the treatment zone of the component (1,55,64) during the arcing, is symmetrical to the treatment zone. Composed of at least two feeding members (7,8,7 ', 8') connected to (1,55,64), electrically connected to each other and connected to one of the lines of the power supply (3) The device of claim 7, wherein 10. The means for producing a potential difference at or near zero on the working surface of at least one electrode (36, 37) during arcing in the process zone of the component (1) or the electrode (36). , 37) are connected to the electrodes (36, 37) symmetrically to the working surface, electrically connected to each other, and the power supply members (7, 8) of the component (1) of the power source (3) are connected. 9. The device according to claim 8, comprising at least two feeding members (40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45) connected to a line on the side opposite to the line. 11. The device according to claim 8, wherein when at least two electrodes (36, 37) are provided, they are positioned symmetrically with respect to the treatment zone. 12. A device according to claim 8, wherein if at least two electrodes (36, 37) are provided, they are mounted movably with respect to each other and control the width of the processing zone. 13. When carrying out the arc treatment of a rolled product (55, 64), the electrodes (48, 56, 61, 62) are inclined at an angle of 35 ° to 85 ° between the surfaces facing each other and at least 1. 9. The device of claim 8 in the form of a pair of mirror-parallel prisms. 14. When processing a rolled strip (55), at least one pair of electrodes (48) in the form of mirror-parallel prisms are mounted symmetrically to and parallel to the axis of the rolled strip (55). 14. A device according to claim 11 or 13 which is provided. 15. If at least two electrodes (61) are used, they are attached to each other so that the treatment zone of each arc discharge is covered by the treatment zone of at least one other discharge. The device according to claim 8. 16. When processing a rolled strip (4), at least two pairs of identical electrodes (61) mounted on a holder are provided, these electrodes being located in the center of the zone to be processed of the rolled strip (4). 16. The device according to claim 13 or 15, which is arranged symmetrically with respect to a plane (63) which is substantially perpendicular to the direction of movement of the rolled product (4) through. 17. A treatment zone of components (1,14,15,64,67,96) and at least one electrode (2,16,36,37,48,56,61,62,8).
Means for limiting the movement of the arc discharge plasma to the working surface of (7) or one of them is isolated from the electrical circuit and
4,15,64,67,96) and electrodes (2,16,36,37,48,56,61,62,8)
7) Or positioned away from one of the parts (1,14,
15,64,67,96) outside the treatment zone and electrodes (2,16,36,3)
7,48,56,61,62,87) non-working surface protection screen (11,12,13,38,39,57,65,66,94,98), at least part (1 , 14,15,64,67,96) and the working surface of the electrodes (2,16,36,37,48,56,61,62,87) or the screen (11,12,13) closest to one of them. , 38,39,57,65,66,94,9
9. The device according to claim 8, wherein the part 8) is made of a heat-resistant material or is surely cooled. 18. A double-sided treatment of a strip (35), the screen (57) being positioned between the electrodes (48,56) on either side of the strip (55) to be treated. Claim 13
Or the apparatus according to 14. 19. When processing a rolled strip (64), a screen (65, 66) is used for the electrode (61, 62) and the strip to be treated (6).
The device according to claim 15 or 16, which is mounted in a space between the surface of 4). 20. A component (17,22,22) to be treated in a vacuum in an arc treatment device, wherein the component is attached to a holder and one wire of which is provided by at least one feeding member (32,107).
At least one feeding member (1) on the other line of the power source (3) or the polyphase AC converter (76) connected to the (106).
8,19,20,33,34,35,88,89,90,91,92,93) connected by at least one electrode (16,23,29,30,31,100,1)
01,102,103,104,105), and an arc treatment device for a component having an arc excitation system, the component to be treated (17,22,106) and at least one electrode (16,
23,29,30,31,100,101,102,103,104,105) means for compressing or partially limiting the arc discharge area in the space between, and parts, above, means for compressing or partially limiting the arc discharge area Mechanism for moving the
7) An arc treatment device for parts, characterized by having and. 21. The means for compressing an area of arc discharge in a space between a component to be treated (22) and an electrode (23),
It is located between the electrode (23) and the component (22),
21. The device according to claim 20, further comprising a screen (24) having an opening (25) corresponding to the treatment zone (26) of the component (22) to be treated.