JPH0765373B2 - Retractable roof - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a retractable roof, and more particularly to a dome-shaped retractable roof that forms a part of a spherical surface as a whole.

[Conventional technology]

The retractable roof can meet the contradictory requirements of being able to obtain the outdoor feeling of openness, sunlight, fresh air, etc. and eliminate the adverse effects of rainy weather, and already provided or proposed various configurations. Has been done.

For example, the roof is removed from the target roof installation site by simply moving it laterally from the target roof installation site, or as shown in FIG. 14, the roof is fixed roof part 1 and movable roof part 2 The moving roof 2 is fixed to the fixed roof 1
A part of the upper part of the roof erection target site Z is released by pulling it in (inside), or a roof is made flat to form a foldable structure, and the erection target site is foldable or expanded. There are things such as opening and closing above.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

By the way, in the above-mentioned conventional retractable roof, although the above-mentioned intended purpose is certainly achieved, each of them also has the following drawbacks.

In other words, if the roof is to be removed from the construction site by simply moving it in parallel, valuable space will be sacrificed because a relief part for the roof to be removed is required, and especially for large spans. Since the space between both ends of the track becomes large, it is necessary to precisely synchronize the moving speeds at both ends. Further, in the case of FIG. 14, since the movable roof portion 2 is drawn into the fixed roof portion 1 (inside), no escape space is required, but since the fixed roof portion 1 supports the movable roof portion 2, it is fixed. Not only the roof portion 1 needs to be structurally strengthened, but also the movable roof portion 2 has a cantilever form, which requires structural strengthening, resulting in high cost. Also, in the case of a foldable type, a retreating space can be eliminated, but it is necessary to newly provide a storage section and the operating mechanism is complicated, and thus it is easy to break down, and the form is also structural. Above all, it is limited to flat plates and lacks in design when viewed as a building as a whole.

[Means for Solving the Problems]

An openable roof according to the present invention comprises a fixed roof part and a movable roof part, and the fixed roof part has the same circular opening formed to be inclined with respect to a horizontal plane. At least two spherical bodies having a bowl shape are combined so that the openings are intersected with each other and a common opening is formed by the respective openings;
The movable roof portion is composed of sections that are slidably provided in the respective openings with a part of the peripheral edge of the respective openings as a track, and these sections have a spherical shape continuous with the spherical body. By providing an engaging portion that is formed to cover a portion of each of the openings and abuts each other in the closed state, and rotating each of the sections in a predetermined direction in each opening along the trajectory, The feature is that the common opening is configured to be opened and closed.

[Action]

Rotate each section in a predetermined direction along its orbit,
By locating the common opening portion, the common opening portion is completely closed by the plurality of sections and is in the closed state.

Since each section is formed in the same spherical shape as each spherical body, in the closed state, the roof as a whole has a dome shape forming a part of a spherical body.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
1 to 10 show a first embodiment of the present invention, which is an example applied to a stadium such as a baseball field of the present invention.
In FIG. 1, the stadium is indicated by reference numeral 3 as a whole. This stadium 3 has an almost circular ground 4
And a spectator seat 5 provided around the ground 4, and an openable roof 6 that covers the ground 4 and the spectator seat 5 as a whole. By the way, reference numeral 7 indicates an entrance and exit, and 8 indicates a plaza and the like formed around the stadium 3.

FIG. 1 shows an open state of the retractable roof 6, which is composed of a fixed roof portion 9 and a movable roof portion 10.

As shown in FIG. 2, the fixed roof portion 9 is made of a combination of two bowl-shaped spherical bodies 9a and 9b. 4 to 7 schematically show the spherical bodies 9a and 9b so that the structure of the fixed roof portion 9 can be more easily understood. The structure of the fixed roof portion 9 will be described with reference to these drawings. Will be explained. One spherical body 9a constituting the fixed roof 9 is shown in Fig. 4 (a),
As shown in (b), a bowl-shaped portion having a thickness is formed by obliquely removing a part thereof, and a circular opening 11a inclined with respect to a horizontal plane is formed. The other spherical body 9b also has the same shape as shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b),
The opening 11b is formed. These two spherical bodies 9a, 9b
As shown in FIG. 6, the fixed roof portion 9 is formed by overlapping the openings 11a and 11b so that the openings 11a and 11b intersect each other, and further stacking them so as to be substantially concentric as shown in FIG.
Is a schematic structure of. That is, as a result, a common opening 11 including one opening 11a and the other opening 11b is formed above the ground 4.

As shown in FIG. 2, for example, a rail type track 12a, is formed at the opening edge of each opening 11a, 11b in each of the spherical bodies 9a, 9b.
12b are formed respectively. The tracks 12a, 12b are formed on almost the entire circumference except for a part of the edges of the openings 11a, 11b. As can be seen from FIG.
Since the spherical body 9b is configured to intersect, no track is formed at the intersecting overlapping portion. And, as shown in FIG. 1, these orbits 12a, 12b are provided in both the opening members 11a, 11b.
There are provided pieces 13a and 13b that can be moved along. That is, these sections 13a and 13b form the movable roof portion 10.

Each of these sections 13a, 13b has a shape that constitutes a part of a spherical surface that is continuous with the spherical bodies 9a, 9b.
It covers part of 11b. Also these sections 13
a and 13b are provided at axially symmetric positions with respect to each other, and when the roof 6 shown in FIG. 1 is in an open state, one section 13a is located just above one spherical body 9b at the portion A (see FIG. 2). Further, the other section 13b has a form in which it overlaps with the B portion of the other spherical body 9a. A drive device (not shown) mainly composed of wheels slidably and non-fallably engaged with the tracks 12a, 12b is formed on the circumferential portion of each of the sections 13a, 13b,
Depending on the operation of this drive unit, the sections 13a and 13b may have openings 11 in the areas where the tracks 12a and 12b are formed, respectively.
It can freely rotate in a and 11b. In this case, the driving device can be configured as an air levitation type or a magnetic levitation type in addition to the wheel type. In addition, each section
Edges 14 and 14 facing the center of the openings 11a and 11b in 13a and 13b
As shown in FIG. 1, step portions (engagement portions) 14 ', 14' are formed on the ends of the edges 14, 14 which are different from each other in the longitudinal direction. Both the step portions 14 ', 14' are formed in the axially symmetric direction so that they can be abutted so as to fit each other.

Next, the operation of the openable roof 6 configured as described above will be described.

FIG. 1 shows the open state of the retractable roof 6, in which the common opening 11 formed by intersecting the openings 11a, 11b of the two spherical bodies 9a, 9b is opened, The upper part of the grand 4 and a part of the upper part of the spectator seats 5 are released.

In order to bring the roof 6 into such a state, both sections 13a,
13b is located at the lowest position in the openings 11a and 11b of the spherical bodies 9a and 9b, respectively. In this state, both the segments 13a and 13b are together the spherical body 9 of the other party as described above.
It becomes a form that overlaps with b and 9a.

On the other hand, in order to close the roof 6, both the sections 13a, 13
b is the opening of each spherical body 9a, 9b as shown in FIG.
It is located at the highest point in 11a and 11b. For that purpose, one segment 13a may be slid along the track 12a and the other segment 13b may be slid along the track 12b by operating the driving device. In this case, the moving directions of the sections 13a and 13b are clockwise when the roof 6 is viewed from above. As a result, both the sections 13a and 13b are, as shown in FIG.
Those which are always facing each other and move upward while rotating along the respective opening portions 11a, 11b, and eventually the edges 14, 14 of the two pieces 13a, 13b face each other as shown in FIG. Becomes At this time, both step portions 14 'are engaged with each other. As a result, the common opening 11 formed in the fixed roof part 9 has two sections 13a and 13b (that is, the movable roof part 1).
It is closed by 0) and the closed state of the openable roof 6 is formed. As the control means for positioning the intercepts 13a, 13b in this case, the trajectories 12a, 12b are not endless trajectories but have start and end points, and therefore the intercepts 13a, 13b at both of these points.
A positioning mechanism that can be locked / released with 13b can be provided, and accurate positioning is possible.

However, here, in practice, at the intersection P of the two orbits 12a and 12b, a step is formed between the two orbits 12a and 12b, as is apparent from FIG. ,14
There is no close contact with each other over the entire length,
As shown in FIG. 3, a portion corresponding to the roof thickness (thickness of the sections 13a and 13b) is formed in the portion other than the stepped portion 14 '. However, it is possible to secure the rain finish by setting these sections 13a and 13b in such a shape and size that they are slightly overlapped with each other at the portions where the steps are generated.

By the way, the intercepts 13a and 13b constitute spherical surfaces continuous with the spherical bodies 9a and 9b, respectively.
Is satisfied at any position with respect to the openings 11a and 11b, therefore, in the closed state of the roof 6, the section 13a and the section 13b (moving roof section) facing each other are provided.
The reference numeral 10) closes the common opening 11 with the spherical bodies 9a, 9b (fixed roof portion 9) and substantially one dome shape. That is, the openable roof 6 forms a single dome shape, and the ground 4 and the spectator seats 5 are completely surrounded by the periphery and the upper part thereof.

Further, in order to open the openable roof 6 from the closed state to the open state as shown in FIG. 1, both the sections 13a and 13b may be rotated in the opposite direction, that is, counterclockwise. At this time,
The joints of the two pieces 13a and 13b which were joined in the facing state were rotated and separated from each other in parallel.
From the perspective of the spectators inside, it is possible to hope that the sky, which appears in the shape of a slit in the center, will gradually rotate and spread in parallel.

With the retractable roof 6 configured as described above, the roof can be opened to enjoy sunlight and natural winds in fine weather or the like, and the roof can be closed to enjoy playing or the like in rainy weather. Further, since the entire roof is formed into a spherical surface, and particularly the fixed roof portion 9 that supports the moving roof portion 10 (sections 13a and 13b) is formed into a spherical shape, the roof is in an open / closed state or in a moving state. And has excellent yield strength.
Further, since the pieces 13a and 13b move along the circular orbits 12a and 12b, they can move extremely smoothly, and the pieces 13a and 13b are engaged with each other at the step 14 '. Therefore, it is also possible to secure the rigidity of the moving roof 10 at a higher level by integrating the sections 13a and 13b when closed by forming a connecting means in the step 14 ', for example. is there. Furthermore, since the movable roof part 10 (sections 13a, 13b) retreats from the common opening 11 so as to overlap the fixed roof part 9 of the other party when it is in an open state, it does not require a separate retreat space and saves valuable space (land etc.). There is no sacrifice. In addition, a roof formed in such a shape that forms a part of a sphere has no distinction between a roof portion forming a so-called ceiling and a side wall portion surrounding the periphery, and a part of the roof that is not distinguished is a kind of roof. Not only is it extremely innovative in design because it moves like a spiral, but the ceiling is generally high with the central part as the top, especially suitable for stadiums that require a large space, such as baseball fields and general sports fields. It will be Also, the section 13a,
13b are trajectories 12a and 12b, which are constructed by intersecting each other.
Since it exhibits complicated movements such as moving along, it has the effect of not only appealing to the viewer for its functionality, but also giving the viewer a sense of expectation for unexpected movements. Since the two spherical bodies 9a and 9b and the sections 13a and 13b can be configured to have exactly the same shape, there is also an advantage that the manufacturing cost of the constituent members can be reduced.

In this embodiment, as described above, the two spherical bodies 9a and 9b are combined so that they are substantially concentrically overlapped with each other as shown in FIG.
These two spherical bodies 9a and 9b are shown in FIG. 9 and FIG.
They may be combined in a state in which they are offset from each other as shown in FIG. In FIG. 9, the spheres 15 and 15 are formed between the inner and outer walls of the spherical bodies 9a and 9b by shifting the spherical bodies 9a and 9b. Then, roof entrances and exits 7 ', 7', ... are formed in portions of the spherical bodies 9a, 9b along the corridor 15,15. In this case, the occupants enter the stadium 3 through the entrances and exits 7, pass through the corridors 15 and 15 formed by the gap between the spherical bodies 9a and 9b, and further enter the indoor entrance and exit 7 ',
You can disperse from 7 ', ... Although not shown, the spherical bodies 9 on both sides are located above the corridors 15 and 15.
It is closed by a roof (fixed roof) formed on a curved surface that smoothly connects a and 9b. FIG. 10 is a vertical cross-sectional view of FIG. 9, and if the two spherical bodies 9a, 9b are connected by beams 17, 17, ... Can be increased.

Next, FIGS. 11 to 13 show a second embodiment of the present invention, in which the same components as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals to simplify the description.

FIG. 11 shows a closed state of the retractable roof 16 according to this embodiment. The retractable roof 16 according to this embodiment is also composed of the fixed roof portion 9 and the movable roof portion 10 as in the above-mentioned case. ing.

The fixed roof portion 9 is composed of a combination of three bowl-shaped spherical bodies 9a, 9b, 9c, and these spherical bodies 9a, 9b, 9c have a thickness as shown in FIG. 4 and the like in the first embodiment. The bowl shape having the shape is formed by obliquely removing a part of the bowl shape, and circular openings 11a, 11b, 11c are formed respectively. Then, these three spherical bodies 9a, 9b, 9c are connected to each other through the openings 11
The typical structure of the fixed roof portion 9 is a combination of a, 11b and 11c intersecting each other and offset to some extent. That is, three spherical bodies 9
This is a combination of a, 9b, and 9c in a form similar to that shown in FIG. 9 (FIG. 10). As a result, a common opening 11 is formed above the ground 4 by the three openings 11a, 11b, 11c.

As shown in FIG. 11, for example, rail-type tracks 12a, 12b, 13b are respectively formed at a part of the opening edge of each opening 11a, 11b, 11c in the spherical body 9a, 9b, 9c. . Then, each opening 11a, 11b, 11c is provided with a segment 13a, 13b, 13c that is movable along the track 12, 12b, 12c. That is, these sections 13a, 13b, 13c constitute the moving roof portion 10. These sections 13a, 13b, 13c
Has a shape that forms a part of a spherical surface that is continuous with the spherical body 9a, 9b, 9c to which these three sections belong, thereby covering a part of each opening 11a, 11b, 11c. . Further, these three sections 13a, 13b, 13c are provided at axially symmetrical positions with respect to each other, that is, at positions apart from each other by 120 ° with respect to the center of the ground 4, and the roof 16 shown in FIG.
In the open state, the first section 13a is just above the third spherical body 9c, the second section 13b is above the first spherical body 9a, and the third section 13c is the second spherical body 9c. It has a form that overlaps the upper part of 9b. In the circumferential portion of each of the sections 13a, 13b, 13c, a drive device (not shown) mainly composed of wheels slidably and non-fallably engaged with the tracks 12a, 12b, 12c is configured, By the operation of this drive unit, the sections 13a, 13
b and 13c are the openings 11 along the orbits 12a, 12b and 12c.
It can rotate in a, 11b, and 11c. Also in this case, the drive device can be configured as an air levitation type or a magnetic levitation type in addition to the wheel type.

Further, in each of the sections 13a, 13b, 13c, the openings 11a, 11b, 1
As shown in FIG. 1, the edge portions 14, 14, 14 facing the center of 1c have stepped portions that are stepwise different from each other in the longitudinal direction of the respective edge portions 14.
14 ', 14', 14 'are formed. These steps 14 ', 1
4'and 14 'are formed in an axially symmetric direction and are engaged with each other. Incidentally, in FIG. 11 etc., reference numeral 1
8,18, ... are daylighting windows, and the corridors 15,15,1 formed below
It guides the light to 5 (not shown).

Next, the retractable roof according to this embodiment configured as described above
The operation of 16 will be described.

FIG. 11 shows the roof 16 in an open state. In this state, the common openings 11 in which the openings 11a, 11b, 11c of the three spherical bodies 9a, 9b, 9c overlap at the zenith are open. Then, the upper part of the ground 4 is released.

To put the roof 11 in such a state, three sections 13a,
13b and 13c are replaced by openings 11a and 11 of the spherical bodies 9a, 9b and 9c, respectively.
It should be placed at the lowest point in b and 11c.

On the other hand, in order to close the roof 16, all the sections 13a, 13
b, 13c, as shown in FIG. 12, the openings 11a, 11b, 1
Move to the highest position in 1c. Intercept in this case
The moving direction of 13a, 13b, 13c is counterclockwise when the roof 16 is viewed from above. As a result, the three sections 13a, 13b, 13c are
As shown in Fig. 3, while keeping the respective axially symmetrical positions, they move upward while rotating along the respective openings 11a, 11b, 11c, and finally, as shown in Fig. 12, three pieces are cut.
13a, 13b and 13c are adjacent to each other with the step portions 14 'engaged with each other. As a result, the fixed roof 10
The common opening 11 formed by is closed by the three sections 13a, 13b, 13c, that is, the moving roof 10, and the closed state of the openable roof 16 is formed. At this time, as shown in FIG. 13, the three pieces 13a, 13b, and 13c are overlapped so that one end thereof forms a three-sided body, and the pieces 13a, 13b, and 13c are often covered with a wind-wheel shape.

In the closed state of the roof 16, the entire roof 16 is shaped like a dome shape, and the upper part and the periphery of the ground 4 and the spectator seats 5 are completely surrounded.

To change the roof 11 from the closed state to the open state, the sections 13a, 13b,
It suffices to position 13c at the lowermost part of the openings 11a, 11b, 11c by rotating 13c clockwise. At this time, three sections 13a, 13b, 13
The c functions as a so-called camera lens shutter.

In the retractable roof 16 of this embodiment, the same effect as that of the above-mentioned first embodiment can be obtained, but each section is miniaturized by increasing the number of sections that are responsible for closing the common opening. The weight reduction of each section is realized by. By reducing the weight of these sections as moving parts, it is possible to simplify the orbit and the driving device. further,
The intercepts 13a, 13b, 13c are three trajectories 12a, 12b, 1 which intersect each other.
Since it moves along 2c, it has the effect of showing more complicated movements and being able to further appeal to its viewers for its functional design. Furthermore, when the openable roof 16 is viewed from the sky, for example, when it is viewed from the air, such as when it is broadcast on the air by a television or on the plane, it is possible to project a very original form and give a strong impact.

In addition, in the second embodiment, three spherical bodies 9 are used.
It goes without saying that a, 9b and 9c may be combined so as to be substantially concentric with each other as in the first embodiment (FIG. 7).

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the retractable roof of the present invention, when the weather is fine, the roof is released to enjoy sunlight and natural wind,
Of course, in the case of rain, it is possible to block the roof and enjoy playing without any problems, of course, because the entire roof is spherical, it is in the open / closed state of the roof or in all the moving states. And has excellent yield strength. Further, since the segments move along a circular orbit, they can move extremely smoothly, and since the segments form an engaging portion that abuts each other, a coupling means is formed in the engaging portion. It is also possible to increase the rigidity of the moving roof portion in the closed state. Furthermore, the section does not require a separate retreat space for retreating to a position where it overlaps with another spherical body in the closed state, and does not sacrifice a valuable site area or the like. In addition, there is no distinction between the roof part forming the ceiling and the side wall part surrounding the surroundings, and a part of the indistinct roof moves along an inclined circular orbit, which is very innovative in design. Not only that, but the ceiling is generally high with the central part as the apex, and it is particularly suitable for large space stadiums and event venues such as baseball fields and general sports fields. In addition, since each segment moves in a spiral shape along the trajectories intersecting with each other, it is possible to appeal not only to the user but also to the viewer, which is an unexpected function. Can play.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 to 10 are views for explaining a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view showing a stadium to which a retractable roof according to the present embodiment is applied in a state where the roof is opened,
FIG. 2 is an overall perspective view schematically showing a fixed roof portion in this embodiment, FIG. 3 is an overall perspective view showing a stadium according to this embodiment with the roof closed, and FIGS. 4 to 7 are fixed. FIG. 4 (a) is an elevation view of one spherical body, FIG. 4 (b) is a plan view of the same, and FIG. 5 (a) is an elevation view of the other spherical body. FIG. 6B is a plan view thereof, and FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a combination of both spherical bodies,
FIG. 7 is a plan view of a fixed roof portion in which spherical bodies are combined,
FIG. 8 is an operational view schematically showing the operation of the retractable roof according to this embodiment, FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a combination of spherical bodies in a modification of this embodiment, and FIG. 10 is an elevation sectional view thereof. 11 to 13 illustrate a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is an overall perspective view showing the stadium to which the retractable roof according to the present embodiment is applied in a state where the roof is opened, and FIG. 12 is an overall perspective view of the stadium in which the roof is also closed,
FIG. 13 is an operational view schematically showing the operation of the retractable roof according to this embodiment, and FIG. 14 is a side sectional view showing an example of a conventional retractable roof. 3 ... Stadium, 6 ... Openable roof (first embodiment),
9: Fixed roof part, 9a, 9b, 9c ... Spherical body, 10 ... Moving roof part, 11a, 11b, 11c ... Opening part, 11 ... Common opening part, 12
a, 12b, 12c ... Track, 13a, 13b, 13c ... Section, 14 '... Step (engagement part) 16 ... Openable roof (second embodiment).

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A fixed roof portion and a movable roof portion,
An openable roof having a dome shape as a whole in a closed state, wherein the fixed roof portion has at least two spherical bodies having a circular opening formed to be inclined with respect to a horizontal plane and having the same bowl shape. Are substantially concentrically overlapped so that the openings intersect with each other and a common opening is formed by the respective openings, while the moving roof part has the openings corresponding to the openings. Each of which is slidably provided with a part of its peripheral edge as an orbit, and each of these sections is formed in a spherical shape continuous with the spherical body so as to cover a part of each opening. And has an engaging portion that abuts each other in the closed state, and the common opening portion is released by rotationally moving each of the pieces in a predetermined direction along the trajectory in each opening portion. Retractable roof that features that are configured to be busy.