JPH0771762B2 - Multi-tasking machine equipped with a turret in which fixed and rotating tools can be replaced - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a multi-tasking machine equipped with a tool post suitable for adding a multi-tasking function to an NC lathe.

2. Description of the Related Art The NC lathe has been improved in various ways by adding a compounding function to adapt it to various purposes. For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-16882 is known as a tool post capable of controlling the Y-axis. This one has a turret rotation axis parallel to the X axis, and a turret has a rotary tool spindle at a position eccentric to the turret in parallel with the rotation axis.
It is capable of axis control and has a combined machining function with a fixed tool parallel to the turning axis.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Since the above-mentioned items do not have an automatic tool clamping and unclamping mechanism, automatic tool replacement is impossible and various tools cannot be supported. Further, there is a problem in that it is impossible to avoid rotational unevenness of the drum at a very slow speed during Y-axis control.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems of the prior art. The object of the present invention is to enable automatic exchange of tools corresponding to various tools, smooth Y-axis control, and low It aims to provide a multi-tasking machine equipped with a noise and low-vibration turret.

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a tool for clamping and unclamping a tool that has an NC-controlled swivel axis in a direction orthogonal to a spindle center line and is parallel and separated from the swivel axis. Machining position and tool with a turning tool attachment part with a clamp unclamping mechanism for a tool that is orthogonal to the first rotary tool spindle and a turning axis A turret that can be indexed to a replacement position, a rotation driving member for the first rotary tool spindle and a second rotary tool spindle, an indexing positioning member for the turret, and a turret clamping / unclamping operation by the indexing positioning member. And a switching member for switching power transmission between the first rotary tool spindle and the second rotary spindle.

A mechanism is provided for applying a brake when turning the turret to clamp the turret at an arbitrary angle. Further, a locking claw for stopping the side not using the first rotary tool spindle and the second rotary tool spindle is provided in conjunction with the shifter. It is a thing.

Action Send pressure oil to the hydraulic cylinder of the positioning member, remove the coupling, rotate the turret with the motor, index the fixed tool mounting part on the outer circumference of the turret or the second rotary tool spindle to the tool replacement position, clamp and replace the tool. To clamp. Next, the coupling is removed and the indexing coupling is engaged and clamped at the machining position for machining. Alternatively, with the coupling removed, the first rotary tool spindle is indexed to the tool exchange position, the clamp tool is exchanged and clamped. Next, interlocking with the operation of removing the indexing coupling at the machining position eccentric in the Y-axis direction, the power transmission path of the second rotary tool spindle is blocked to connect to the first rotary tool spindle, and the claw is attached to the gear that is not connected. Lock it. Then, a strong disc brake is applied to the turret to fix it with the removed coupling member, or a weak brake is applied to the turret, and the Y-axis is controlled by the combined motion of the turret rotation control and Z-axis control, and the first rotary tool spindle is moved in the Y-axis direction. And process.

Embodiment This embodiment will be described below with reference to FIG.

The center of the well-known NC lathe is position-controlled by NC in the Z-axis direction and is controlled by the NC in the X-axis direction on a saddle (not shown), on which the turret tool post 1 is rotatably supported by bearings. The rotation axis (CT axis) 3 of the turret 2 thus formed is fixedly installed with the X axis direction. The turret tool post 1 may also be pivotable about a vertical axis. A rotary tool shaft 4 is rotatably supported by bearings at at least one position on the outer circumference of the turret 2 in a direction orthogonal to the swivel shaft 3, and is connected to a sun gear 7 via a bevel gear group 5 and an intermediate gear 6. There is. The sun gear 7 is spline-fitted to a rotary shaft 8 which is rotatably supported by a bearing at the center of the swivel shaft 3, and is movable on the shaft. A pulley 9 and an angle detection disk 10 are attached to the rear end of the rotary shaft 8. An angle detector 11 for the rotary tool shaft is provided facing the angle detection disk 10. The rotary shaft 8 is connected to a tool shaft rotary motor 12 provided on the tool rest 1 via a gear group 13, a pulley 14 and a belt.

Further, a fixed tool mounting portion of a tapered hole for mounting the turning tool T3 is provided at a predetermined angle position in a direction orthogonal to the swivel axis 3 at several places on the outer circumference of the turret 2.

Further, a rotary tool spindle 16 is rotatably supported by bearings on at least one position in front of the turret 2 and parallel to the swivel axis 3 and away from the axis, and the rotary tool spindle 16 includes a gear group 1
7, connected to the sun gear 7 which is shifted via an intermediate gear 18. Therefore, the rotational power of the sun gear 7 is the gear 6
Alternatively, it is selectively connected to 18.

On the back of the turret 2, donut-shaped couplings are engraved on the back of the turret with clutch teeth divided into equal parts.
21 is fixed, and a donut-shaped coupling 22 having the same number of clutch teeth as the coupling 21 in the ring of the coupling 21 is fixed to the tool rest 1. A donut-shaped coupling 23 having clutch teeth that engage and disengage both couplings 21 and 22 at the same time is fitted to the two-stage cylinders of the small-diameter cylinder 19 and the medium-diameter cylinder 20 of the tool rest 1, and the two-stage pistons 24 and 25. It is attached to the rod end of.
A shifter 26 for changing the gear with which the sun gear 7 meshes is provided so as to interlock with the rod ends of the pistons 24, 25. The shifter 26 is provided with pawls 27 and 28 for engaging the gear 18 when the sun gear 7 is meshed with the gear 6 and engaging the gear 6 when meshing with the gear 18 to prevent the idle gear from rotating. There is.

A large-diameter cylinder 29 is provided in series with the cylinder 20 of the tool rest 1, and a donut-shaped piston 30 is fitted therein.

Further, a brake disc 2a is provided at the center of the rear surface of the turret 2 so as to project toward the center, and the outer end surface of the disc 2a serves as a contact surface 31 that serves as a brake surface and a clamp surface.
Then, the contact surface 32 at the rod end of the piston 25 rubs. Inside the contact surface 31, a flange 1a at the center of the tool rest 1 is inserted and engaged, and movement of the turret 2 is restricted.

Further, a gear 33 is attached to the outside of the rear coupling 21 of the turret 2, and a rotary gear group of the turret rotation motor 34 is attached.
Transmitted through 35. A CT axis angle detector 36 is attached to the turret rotation motor 34, and its output is sent to the NC device.

The rotary tool spindles 4 and 16 capable of automatic tool exchange and the fixed tool attachment portion use the well-known tool clamp and unclamp mechanism shown in FIG. That is, the tool or tool holder T has an automatic tool changer, a gripping groove Ta by a robot, and a pull stud Tc at the end of the taper shank Tb. In the rotary tool spindle on the tool mounting side, a collet 43 at the tip of a draw bar 42, which is always pulled by a disc spring 41 in a central hole, pulls a pull stud Tc to clamp a tapered surface. The unclamps are coaxial push-out cylinders 44A, 44B, 44C and pistons 45A, 45.
The drawbar 42 is pushed against the disc spring by the B and 45C piston rods to open the collet 43.

In the hydraulic circuit shown in FIG. 3, 51, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60 are two-position switching solenoid valves. 52 is the coupling clamping pressure Prc
Setting pressure reducing valve, 53 is brake pressure Pr _L Low pressure setting reducing valve, 5
4 is a pressure reducing valve for setting the brake pressure Pr _H high pressure, and is adjusted to Prc> Pr _H > Pr _L. 55 is a three-position switching solenoid valve. 46
Is a chuck fitted to the spindle, and W is a workpiece. A plurality of turning tools T1 are installed on the circumference of the turret, and one rotary tool spindle 4 and 16 in this example are arranged as shown in FIG. 4 in relation to the gears incorporated therein. The turning angle of the turret is controlled by NC so as not to interfere with other parts, and a stopper (not shown) for preventing overrun is also provided.

Next, the operation will be described with reference to FIG. 5, which shows the key groove processing requiring the key width correction.

First, the rotary tool spindle 16 provided on the side surface of the turret is indexed to a predetermined tool exchange position (not shown). That is, SOL6 of the solenoid valve 57 is turned on and SOL2 of the solenoid valve 55 is turned on by the tool change command of the NC device, pressure oil is sent to the left chamber of the cylinder 29, the right chamber is drained, and the piston 30 is set to the right end and the solenoid is turned on. When the valve 56 is turned on, pressure oil is sent to the right chamber of the cylinder 20, and the piston 25 moves leftward to be positioned in contact with the piston 30 to disengage the coupling 23. In this state, the contact surface 31 of the disk 2a and the piston rod contact surface 32 are not in contact with each other. Then, the turret rotation motor 34 is driven and the turret 2 is rotated by the gear groups 35 and 33 to be indexed to a predetermined tool exchange position. Solenoid valve 55's SOL1 is turned on, solenoid valve 51's SOL3 is turned off, and pressure oil of clamp pressure Prc is sent to the left chamber of cylinder 20 to move piston 25 to the right and coupling 23 is engaged with 21, 22. Fix the turret 2. The key groove of the rotary tool shaft is indexed to a predetermined angle while the rotary tool drive motor 12 is aligned and detected by the angle detector 11.
A robot (not shown) or a tool changer takes out the tool holder T with the end mill T2 attached from a magazine (not shown) and inserts it into the taper hole of the rotary tool spindle 16 in which the solenoid valve 58 has SOL5 turned on and the collet 43 is open. , Solenoid valve 58 SO
L5 is turned off, the piston 45A is retracted, and the collet 43 grips the pull stud Tc via the draw bar 42 pulled by the disc spring 41 to clamp the taper shank Tb in the taper hole.
The robot retracts after being clamped. When the key groove width is wider than the diameter of the end mill T2, for example, if it is 1 time or more and 2 times or less, position the rotary tool spindle 16 at a position above the spindle center line, which is obtained by subtracting the radius of the end mill T2 from 1/2 of the key groove width. To do. That is, SOL6 of solenoid valve 57 is off and SOL2 of solenoid valve 55 is
Is turned on, oil is sent to the right chamber, the pistons 24, 25 are moved to the left, and the coupling 23 is disengaged.
Drive 34 to index. When indexing is completed, solenoid valve 56 SOL4 is turned on, solenoid valve 51 SOL3 is turned off, oil is sent to the right chamber of cylinder 20, and brake high pressure Pr _H pressure oil is sent to the right chamber of cylinder 19 Piston 2
By applying a high pressure to 4,25, the piston rod contact surface 32 is brought into pressure contact with the contact surface 31 of the disk 2a of the turret 2 and the turret 2 is fixed. The left shift of the piston 25 causes the shifter 26 to move the sun gear 7 to mesh with the gear 18 and to engage the pawl 28 with the gear 6. Next, the main shaft having the workpiece W fixed thereto is indexed and fixed to the chuck 46, and the rotary tool drive motor 12 is driven to drive the gear.
13,14, rotary tool shaft 16 from rotary shaft 8 via gears 7, 18, 17
Is rotated. The turret is fed to the X-axis to cut it to a predetermined depth, and it is fed to the Z-axis in the positive direction to cut it to a predetermined key groove length.
Then, in order to cut the lower half of the keyway, SO of the solenoid valve 56
Turn off L4 and turn on SOL3 of solenoid valve 51 to turn cylinder 19
The right chamber is set to low brake pressure Pr _L, and the contact surfaces 31 and 32 are applied to low brake pressure Pr _L to drive the turret rotation motor 34 to rotate the rotary tool spindle 16 from 1/2 of the key groove width to the radius of the end mill T2. Position it below the spindle center line minus. Solenoid valve 56 SOL4 is turned on and solenoid valve 51 SOL3 is turned off to supply oil to the right chamber of cylinder 20. The right chamber of cylinder 19 is braked to high pressure Pr _H and the working pressure of piston 25 is clamped to turret 2. Fix it. After that, the tool rest 1 is controlled in the Z-axis + direction to cut the lower half of the key groove, and the key groove width is completely cut by reciprocal cutting.

Next, description will be given based on FIG. 6 showing the notch processing on the side surface of the workpiece W. Similarly, the rotary tool shaft 16 is indexed to the tool exchange position, SOL5 of the solenoid valve 58 is turned on, pressure oil is sent to the right chamber of the cylinder 44A to cause the piston 45A to move to the left, and the pull stud 42 against the force of the disc spring 41. Then open the collet and replace it with the end mill T2 by the robot and replace it with the full back cutter T3, turn off SOL5 of the solenoid valve 58 and move the piston 45A to the right to move the disc spring 4
The force of 1 causes the collet 43 to pull in and fit the pull stud Tc of the tool holder. Similarly, the coupling of the coupling of the turret 2 is disengaged, and the center of the rotary tool spindle 16 is driven by the radius of the workpiece W and positioned above the spindle center line by positioning the turret rotation motor 34. Solenoid valve 57 SOL6 remains off, solenoid valve 56 SOL4 off, solenoid valve 51 SOL3 on and solenoid valve 55 SO
When L2 is turned on, the pressure oil of the brake pressure low pressure Pr _L is sent to the right chamber of the cylinder 19 to move the pistons 24 and 25 to the left and press the contact surfaces 31 and 32 to apply a low brake pressure to the turret 2. The full-back cutter T3 is rotated by the rotary tool drive motor 12. Turret 1
Control the X-axis and Z-axis to face the notch position of the workpiece W,
A cut is given by axis control. The full-back cutter T3 is moved so that the cutting surface becomes vertical by the combined motion of turning the turret turning motor 34 counterclockwise in the figure by CT axis control in the figure and moving the tool rest 1 in the Z axis + direction. Set up.

Further, description will be given based on FIG. 7 showing eccentric hole processing. Similarly, the full-back cutter T3 and the drill T4 are exchanged by the indexing robot with the rotary tool spindle 16 at the exchange position. Index the core of the rotary tool spindle 16 to the eccentric hole machining height, turn on SOL4 of the solenoid valve 56 to the right chamber of the cylinder 20, turn off SOL3 of the solenoid valve 51 to turn the brake pressure high pressure Pr _H to the right chamber of the cylinder 9. Clamping pressure is applied to the feed pistons 24, 25 to clamp the contact surface 31 of the disk 2a of the turret 2 with the contact surface 32. Rotate the rotary tool spindle 16 with the tool drive motor 12 to move the tool rest 1 to the X-axis, Z
Axes are controlled and positioned before the machining position, and holes are made by cutting the X axis. Similarly, the turret 2 and the rotary tool spindle 16 are positioned and drilled at the respective hole positions.

In order to make a hole in the center of the end face of the workpiece W with the rotary tool spindle 4 provided on the outer circumference of the turret, the turret 2 is similarly indexed and fixed at the tool exchange position, and a drill is mounted by a robot. The turret 2 is swiveled to index the rotary tool spindle 4 to the machining position, and the tool rest 1 is controlled in the X-axis and Z-axis for drilling.

When it is desired to drill a hole in a position eccentric from the center of the end face of the workpiece or to machine a tapper, etc., the tool rest 1 can be pivotally positioned around a vertical axis. The spindle 16 is indexed to the machining position for machining.

In this case, in order to reduce the X-axis movement amount of the tool rest 1 and avoid interference, it is preferable to set the rotary tool spindle 16 on the side surface to the machining position at the position opposite to the turret rotation axis with respect to the position shown in FIG.

Further, when the turning tool T1 is used, it can be selected and indexed from a plurality of tools and performed according to the above.

Effects The present invention has the following effects because it is configured as described above.

The multi-tasking machine according to the first aspect is capable of exchanging tools and can be made unmanned, and since it has a Y-axis control function, it can be used for off-center machining and can be widely applied to several kinds of workpieces. Further, since the tool is mounted on the side surface and the outer circumference, the part that interferes with can be avoided by selecting the tool, and the tool interference range can be minimized. In addition, since the rotation of the rotary tool spindle on the side that is not involved in machining is stopped, low noise and low vibration can be realized.

In the multi-tasking machine according to the second aspect, since the brake is applied by utilizing the thrust of the unclamp piston 2 of the turret, a special actuator is not required, and the Y-axis control can be smoothly controlled.

In the multi-tasking machine according to the third aspect, since the gear of the main spindle of the rotary tool on the unused side is locked by the claw, it is possible to prevent interference and danger due to the turning of the mounted tool.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a skeleton diagram for explaining a tool post of a multi-tasking machine of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a tool clamp and unclamp mechanism of a rotary tool spindle, and FIG. 3 is a coupling and brake operation. FIG. 4 is a hydraulic circuit diagram, FIG. 4 is a front view of a turret and shows a turning range of a turning tool and a rotary tool, and FIG. 5 is a key groove machining explanatory diagram for correcting a key groove width by a rotary tool spindle on a side surface, and FIG. Is also an explanatory view of notch processing, and FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of eccentric hole processing. 1 ... Turret, 2 ... Turret, 3 ... Turret rotation axis, 12 ... Rotary tool drive motor, 4,16 ... Rotary tool spindle, 7 ... Sun gear, 21, 22, 23 ... Coupling , 19,2
0,29 …… Cylinder, 26 …… Shifter, 27,28 …… Pawl, 24,2
5,30 …… Piston, 34 …… Turret rotation motor, 11,36
... Corner detector

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Hiroshi Takada 1-32 Tsujimachi, Kita-ku, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture Okuma Iron Works Co., Ltd. (56) Reference JP-A-59-205206 (JP, A) Special Kaihei 1-271106 (JP, A) Special table 2-501130 (JP, A)

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A first rotary tool spindle having an NC-controlled swivel axis in a direction orthogonal to a spindle center line and having a tool unclamping mechanism parallel to and separated from the swivel axis, and a tool clamp orthogonal to the swivel axis. A turret having a second rotary tool spindle with an unclamp mechanism and a swivel axis, which can be indexed to a machining position and a tool exchange position; and a rotary drive member for the first rotary tool spindle and the second rotary tool spindle. A fixed / rotary tool including a turret indexing positioning member and a switching member for switching power transmission between the first rotary tool spindle and the second rotary spindle by clamping and unclamping the turret by the indexing positioning member. A multi-tasking machine equipped with a replaceable turret. 2. The fixing according to claim 1, wherein the indexing positioning member has a stroke switching member and a working pressure changing mechanism for braking or blocking the turning of the turret in an unclamped state. A multi-tasking machine equipped with a turret with replaceable rotating tools. 3. The fixed / rotating tool according to claim 1, wherein the switching member is provided with a detent claw that engages with a gear that is no longer connected when the power transmission is switched by the switching member. Multi-tasking machine equipped with a turret.