JPH0772112B2 - Wood vinegar adsorption fertilizer manufacturing equipment and manufacturing method - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fertilizer producing apparatus having wood vinegar attached thereto, and a method for producing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to an apparatus in which raw materials are filled in an apparatus main body and ignited, and a fertilizer having wood vinegar adhered to the surface thereof can be obtained by only applying a hand once and leaving the apparatus, and a manufacturing method thereof.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Today, organic fertilizers are more welcomed than chemical fertilizers, but organic fertilizers have drawbacks such as spoilage gas, pests and bad odors, and are difficult to use effectively. Therefore, it is possible to use wood vinegar as a method for removing such defects. This is because wood vinegar has effects of sterilization, pest repellent, and deodorization, and wood vinegar is an organic substance, and there is no fear of adverse side effects associated with chemical synthesizing agents. Conventionally, attempts have been made to attach wood vinegar to organic fertilizer and actively use organic fertilizer, but there is no particular device for that,
It was done by simply dipping and mixing organic fertilizer in wood vinegar.

[0003]

However, in the above method, wood vinegar must be prepared separately, and it takes time such as dipping, mixing, molding and drying. However, it is extremely difficult to prepare a large amount of wood vinegar under the present circumstances where the wood vinegar production method is not well established, and it is economically burdensome. Therefore, it is conceivable that smoke is generated and the coarse wood vinegar solution is directly attached to the entire surface of the fertilizer, but cherry, oak, and
Raw wood vinegar obtained from oak, oak, etc. contains a large amount of tar, and since this tar is insoluble in water, attaching the raw wood vinegar to the entire surface of the fertilizer as it is will result in killing the fertilizer effect. Absent.

[0004]

Means adopted by the wood vinegar adsorption fertilizer production apparatus of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems are chambers divided into three upper and lower parts by two grids, that is, upper to lower upper chambers and lower chambers. Main body having a chamber and an air intake chamber, a canopy openably and closably provided on the upper edge of the upper chamber, a chimney fixed to a smoke outlet provided in the canopy, and a top wall of the lower chamber. An openable / closable ignition port and an openable / closable air inlet provided in a side wall of the air intake chamber are provided.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the steps adopted by the method for producing wood vinegar-adsorbed fertilizer of the present invention include rice husks, rice straw or dry fallen leaves in the lower chamber and either sawdust or planks (hereinafter referred to as "rice husks"). ), The upper chamber is each filled with granular fertilizer, the canopy of the upper chamber is closed, the air intake of the air intake chamber and the ignition port of the lower chamber are opened, and a pilot fire is introduced from the ignition port, It is characterized in that the ignition port is closed when the rice husks etc. are sufficiently ignited, the rice husks etc. are smoldering carbonized from above in this state, and the air intake is closed at the end of the smoldering carbonization of all rice husks etc. To do.

Further, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the process adopted by the method for producing wood vinegar-adsorbed fertilizer of the present invention is as follows: Rice husk, rice straw or dried litter or either of them and sawdust or planks in the lower chamber and granular fertilizer in the upper chamber. , The canopy of the upper chamber is closed, the air inlet of the air intake chamber and the ignition port of the lower chamber are opened, and a pilot fire is introduced from the ignition port, and the ignition port is ignited when the rice husks and the like are sufficiently ignited. In this state, the rice husks are smoked and carbonized from the upper side to the lower side, smoke is generated, and the air intake is closed at the time of smoldering and carbonization of the whole rice husks, and it is left for several hours in that state. Is characterized by.

[0007]

The operation of the wood vinegar adsorption fertilizer production apparatus according to the present invention will be described below. After removing the upper grid and filling the lower chamber with rice husks and the like, the upper grid is attached, and then the upper chamber is granular. Fill the fertilizer and close the canopy in the upper chamber. With the air intake of the air intake chamber open, a pilot fire is introduced from the ignition port of the lower chamber to ignite rice husks and the like. At this time, it is even better if the chaff or the like is sprayed with petroleum in advance to ensure ignition and combustion. After confirming that the entire outer surface of the rice husks etc. has been ignited, the ignition port is closed, and in this state the rice husks etc. are smoldering and carbonized to generate smoke.

[0008] The term "smoke" is synonymous with "burning" in the general terminology, that is, burning without smoking a flame. It is different from "carbonization". That is, it does not block air. However, it is also distinguished from complete combustion. In other words, it burns while taking in a minimum amount of air. Therefore, in the present invention, rice husks and the like are smoldered and carbonized, and the generated smoke is naturally adsorbed by the granular fertilizer placed on the upper stage.

Rice husks and the like smolder one after another in order to obtain oxygen from above. The oxygen used to smoke this rice husk is
It enters the main body from the air intake, passes through the gaps such as the rice husks placed on the lower grid through the through holes of the lower grid, reaches the smoldering point, and is smoldering and carbonized. Furthermore, the carbon dioxide after smoldering passes through the holes of the upper grid, passes through the gaps between the fertilizer grains placed on the upper grid, and flows out through the chimney. Smoke generated from rice husks, etc.
It comes into contact with the surface of the granular fertilizer on the upper grid, where smoke is adsorbed by the fertilizer and converted into wood vinegar. Smoked carbonized rice husks cause oxygen deficiency due to carbon dioxide and smoke while the smoldering materials (rice husks, etc.) in the lower chamber are smoldering, and further carbonization does not proceed (that is, ashing does not occur. do not do).

Here, wood vinegar refers to liquefied smoke produced by burning rice husks or the like, that is, a smoked liquid. By the way, rice husks, rice straw and dry litter have very little lignin compared to wood. That is, it is about 10 to 1/15 of wood. Therefore, even if rice husks, rice straw, or dry litter is mixed with sawdust or planks, which contains a large amount of lignin, the tar content is small and there is no problem unless the latter is mixed in a large proportion.
The rice husks and the like referred to herein preferably have a water content of up to 30% even if the entire water content is large. If it is not dried to this extent, uneven burning occurs in the above-mentioned smoldering carbonization. In addition, it is preferable that the rice straw is cut into short pieces of about 30 mm in order to maintain a proper air flow. When it is not cut, the amount of distribution may be too large or too small, resulting in ashing or scorch, which may lead to uneven quality. In the precise sense, wood vinegar is one of the liquid products obtained by dry distillation of wood, but wood vinegar as used in the present specification means smoked liquid as described above, and the material is rice husks or the like. And the product obtained from smoke obtained by smoldering at a smoldering temperature of up to about 400 ° C. rather than by carbonization. Since the material is rice husks and the like, the wood vinegar referred to here is characterized by having a very low tar content. When lignin burns, it turns into tar, which is harmful as a fertilizer adsorbing substance as described above, but since lignin is minimal in rice husks and the like, good-quality wood vinegar suitable for the purpose can be obtained.

[0111] When all the rice husks and the like are completely burned and carbonized, the air intake is closed, and if the air is left in this closed (pot) state for several hours, the husks and carbonization of the rice husks will not proceed any further and will be naturally digested. Good quality carbonized products (smoked charcoal can be obtained). It goes without saying that this uniform smoldering charcoal is a high-quality soil improver (“cultivation soil material” according to the terminology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry). In addition, by leaving it for several hours in this way, there is also an effect of sufficiently drying the wood vinegar adsorbed on the granular fertilizer. However, it does not necessarily require a standing process of several hours. That is, the canopy may be removed immediately when all the rice husks and the like have been completely burnt and carbonized, and the fertilizer to which wood vinegar is attached may be taken out. If carbonized products are also discharged, sprinkled with a little water and mixed lightly, the fire disappears, smoldering charcoal can be obtained, and the utilization rate of the device can be increased.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT A detailed description will be given below with reference to the drawings showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a wood vinegar adsorption fertilizer manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention. The body 1 of the device has a diameter of 5
It is a 200-liter drum with a height of 70 mm and a height of 960 mm.
A ring 2 that horizontally projects is fixed at a position that divides the inside of the main body 1 into upper and lower parts, and an upper grid 3 is placed on the ring 2. Here, the grid is, for example, a plurality of laid rostruts, and has a particle size smaller than the particle size of the fertilizer to be filled. Further, a ring 4 protruding horizontally is fixed at a position one step above the bottom of the main body 1, and a lower grid 5 is placed on the ring 4. Here, the grid specifically means, for example, a diameter of 5
This is an iron plate in which a large number of circular small holes of mm are punched. In this way, the upper grid 3 and the lower grid 5 form the main body 1
Is divided into three parts, one above the other. The upper chamber 10, the lower chamber 20, and the air intake chamber 30 are arranged from the top to the bottom. A canopy 11 is provided on the upper edge of the upper chamber 10 so as to be openable and closable. A smoke outlet 12 of an appropriate size is formed above the side wall of the upper chamber 10, and a chimney 19 is vertically attached from the smoke outlet 12 via an elbow 13.

It should be noted that the canopy 11 is formed so as to incline so that it rises toward the center, and that the wood vinegar solution A adhering to the surface of the canopy 11 and dripping can be collected without dropping into the main body 1. The curl winding portion 14 may be formed at the edge of the canopy 11. Alternatively, instead of the winding portion 14, the side wall of the main body 1 may be doubled (not shown), and the wood vinegar may be dropped into the double side wall. Alternatively, a part of the wrapping portion 14 may be opened so that the wood vinegar solution may flow out therefrom, and the wood vinegar solution A may be collected in a separately prepared container (not shown).

An ignition port 21 is formed in the upper portion of the side wall of the lower chamber 20, and the ignition port 21 can be opened and closed by a cap 22. Further, an air intake port 31 is formed in the side wall of the air intake chamber 30, and the air intake port 31 can also be opened and closed by a lid 32.

The method of using the wood vinegar adsorption fertilizer production apparatus according to the present invention will be described below, and the wood vinegar adsorption fertilizer production method will be clarified. The upper grid 3 is removed and the rice husk B is placed in the lower chamber 30.
65 l (7.5 kg) is filled almost horizontally. 80cc of kerosene is evenly sprayed on the entire surface of the filled rice husks B with a horticultural sprayer. Next, the upper grid 3 is attached, and the upper chamber 10
Then, 40 kg of organic fertilizer C molded into a granular shape having a diameter of 25 mm and a thickness of 15 mm is filled. In this way, each material B
After filling C, the canopy 11 of the upper chamber 10 is closed. The closing is performed by locking the canopy 11 to the main body 1 with a clip or the like. Above the side wall of the upper chamber 10, a smoke outlet 12 is formed in a circular shape with a diameter of 120 mm.
The elbow 13 is fitted into the smoke outlet 12 and the chimney 19 with a length of 910 mm is attached to the elbow 13.
Is attached. This completes the preparation.

The seed husk B is ignited by introducing a pilot fire from the ignition port 21 of the lower chamber 20 while the air intake 31 of the air intake chamber 30 is opened. Here, the pilot fire is, for example, a match that has been ignited. Then, the kerosene previously sprayed on the surface of the rice husk B is ignited to burn the surface of the rice husk B once. During this time, about 3
Minutes. When the entire upper surface of the rice husk B is ignited, the ignition port 21 is closed with the cap 22. In this state, the entire rice husk B is smoldered to generate smoke. The upper surface of the rice husk B, which has been burnt once, extinguishes the flame and shifts to a smoldering carbonization state. The smoldering part of the rice husk B moves sequentially from the upper side to the lower side in search of oxygen. The smoldering temperature is 350 to 390 ° C. in the central part.
At the time of 1 hour and 30 minutes, the rice husk B is completely burnt and carbonized. According to statistics, the outer surface temperature of the main body 1 (not double) at the time of all the smoking was 98 ° C. at the highest position.
Oxygen used for smoldering the rice husk B enters the main body 1 through the lower air intake 31 and is placed on the lower grid 5 through the through holes of the lower grid 5 (the iron plate having the punched holes). It passes through the rice husks B to reach the smoldering area. Further, the gas such as carbon dioxide after smoldering passes between the organic fertilizer C grains placed on the upper grid 3 via the through holes of the upper grid 3 (the above-mentioned rustle) and flows out via the chimney 19. Follow the route. The smoke emitted from the rice husk B shares a path with this smoldering gas, so that the smoke comes into contact with the surface of the granular organic fertilizer C on the upper grid 3, where the smoke is adsorbed by the organic fertilizer C and converted into wood vinegar. .

After the rice husk B is completely burnt and carbonized, the air intake 31 is closed. When the rice husk B is left for about 5 hours in this way, the volume of rice husk B is reduced by about 30%, and it becomes a wonderful carbonized product (smoked charcoal) and is naturally digested. The pH of this smoked charcoal is 6.
5. This is of high quality for agricultural and horticultural use, as compared with the conventional method in which smoldering charcoal in the case where rice husk B is simply burned at a garden or a field is at a pH of about 8 to 11. Therefore, the smoked charcoal produced by the conventional method is unequal in quality, has a large amount of combustion ash, and has an advantage that it is less laborious than post-treatment such as washing with water to remove the scum.

The pH of the organic fertilizer C before being treated with this apparatus is pH.
It was 6.5. After treatment for 1.5 hours, the pH is 5.5. It is considered that this is because the organic fertilizer C adsorbed wood vinegar. That is, although 40 to 50% of the smoke component is acetic acid, it is considered that the pH dropped due to the smoke being adsorbed by the treatment by this device.

The material to be filled in the lower chamber 20 is not limited to the rice husk B, but may be rice straw or dried fallen leaves. At that time, the rice straw is preferably cut into about 30 mm. The reason for not cutting is that the gap is too large and smoldering and combustion are mixed and unstable. Alternatively, rice husk B, rice straw, or dried litter may be mixed with sawdust or planks. However, since the tar content in wood vinegar will not be excessively increased, it is necessary to appropriately control the mixing ratio of sawdust or planks. On the other hand, by appropriately mixing sawdust or planks that have a high tar content, water-insoluble tar can be appropriately adsorbed on the outer surface of the fertilizer, and thus the fertilization effect can be imparted with sustained release.

[0021]

The wood vinegar adsorption fertilizer production apparatus according to the present invention has the above-mentioned structure. Therefore, according to the present apparatus, wood vinegar can be adsorbed on the surface of the granular fertilizer very easily and uniformly. Moreover, since the present apparatus has the above-mentioned configuration, it can be realized at a significantly low cost in terms of both manufacturing cost (initial cost) and operating cost (running cost).

Further, the method for producing wood vinegar adsorption fertilizer according to the present invention,
It is a single operation of filling various positions with each material and igniting, and if left as it is, a fine wood vinegar adsorption fertilizer can be produced.

Further, the simultaneous production method of wood vinegar-adsorbed fertilizer and smoked charcoal according to the present invention can be used in addition to wood vinegar-adsorbed fertilizer by adding one simple operation of closing the air intake once in the middle in addition to the above work. High quality smoked charcoal can be obtained very easily.

It should be noted that the canopy should be formed so as to bulge toward the center, and that the edge of the canopy should be formed with a winding portion that is connected to the inclined surface so that the wood vinegar solution A can be collected. For example, even if the smoke that fills the body passes between the granular fertilizers and reaches the canopy, and the smoke that cannot be absorbed by the fertilizer is cooled here and becomes wood vinegar A, Since it can be collected separately without dripping, the wood vinegar adsorption state of fertilizer can be realized extremely uniformly. Alternatively, the side wall of the main body 1 may be doubled in place of the winding part, or a part of the winding part may be bored to allow the wood vinegar solution A to flow out, and the wood vinegar solution A may be placed in a separately prepared container. If collected, the wood vinegar solution A can be used separately.

[0025]

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of a wood vinegar adsorption fertilizer manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 3 Upper grid 5 Lower grid 10 Upper chamber 11 Canopy 19 Chimney 20 Lower chamber 21 Ignition port 30 Air intake chamber 31 Air intake A Wood vinegar solution B Rice husk C Organic fertilizer

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A main body having a chamber divided into three upper and lower parts by two grids, that is, an upper chamber, a lower chamber and an air intake chamber from top to bottom, and a canopy openably and closably provided at an upper edge of the upper chamber. And a chimney fixed through an elbow to a smoke outlet formed above the side wall of the upper chamber, an openable / closable ignition port formed in the upper side wall of the lower chamber, and a side wall of the air intake chamber. A wood vinegar adsorption fertilizer manufacturing device characterized by a perforated openable and closable air intake. 2. The wood vinegar adsorption fertilizer manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the canopy is formed so as to be raised in the center, and the edge has a wood vinegar liquid collecting portion or a wood vinegar liquid discharge port. 3. The lower chamber is filled with rice husks, rice straw or dry fallen leaves or any of them and sawdust or planks, and the upper chamber is filled with granular fertilizer, the canopy of the upper chamber is closed, and the air intake of the air intake chamber is closed. Open the ignition ports of the inlet and the lower chamber, put in a pilot fire from the ignition port, and close the ignition port when the rice husks etc. have been sufficiently ignited, and in this state, burn the rice husks etc. from top to bottom. A method for producing wood vinegar-adsorbed fertilizer, characterized in that the air intake is closed at the time of smoldering carbonization of whole rice husks. 4. The lower chamber is filled with rice husks, rice straw, or dry fallen leaves, and either sawdust or planks, and the upper chamber is filled with granular fertilizer, the canopy of the upper chamber is closed, and the air inlet of the air intake chamber is filled. And the ignition port of the lower chamber is opened, and a pilot fire is introduced from the ignition port, the ignition port is closed when the rice husks and the like are sufficiently ignited, and the rice husks and the like are smoldering carbonized from above in this state, Close the air intake at the time of smoldering carbonization of all rice husks,
A method for producing wood vinegar-adsorbed fertilizer, which is characterized by leaving it in that state for several hours.