JPH0776471B2 - Summer-winter slope switching type roof - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Object of the Invention] Industrial application The present invention relates to a summer-winter gradient switchable roof that controls the solar radiation to an optimum state according to the change of seasons.

Conventional technology For conventional buildings, control of sunlight is selected by selecting the shape and orientation of the building, selecting the color and material of the roof surface and walls, installing eaves, eaves, and sunscreens, and the shape and position of openings such as windows. It was done by the method and form such as the selection of the direction and the environmental use around the building such as trees.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention Since the form of the conventional building described above is fixed, when trying to obtain the optimum solar radiation conditions and ventilation conditions corresponding to the season, there are two problems in terms of installation cost, installation location, etc. It became a heavy investment and was very uneconomical.

In other words, it is desirable to secure positive ventilation in the room in the summer.
On the other hand, in the winter, the amount of solar radiation on the south side is the maximum on the south side, which requires a large opening area on the south side, and it is necessary to block the ingress of outside air. Therefore, in the end, the efficiency of solar radiation, ventilation, etc. was reduced as a whole, and it was not possible to maximize utilization control of natural conditions both in summer and winter.

The present invention is intended to provide a summer-winter slope switching type roof which does not solve the above-mentioned conventional drawbacks.

[Structure of Invention]

Means for Solving the Problems In view of the above points, the present invention is configured such that the roof portion of the building body is formed of a mountain-shaped shed member inclining in a mountain shape toward the north-south direction, and both of the slanted directions are provided on the top of the mountain-shaped shed member. Forming an opening across
On the upper part of the Yamagata cottage, a flat roof plate that selectively opens and closes the south opening face and the north opening face of the opening can be rocked around the rotation axis arranged in the direction of the top ridge of the Yamagata cottage. A rack is mounted on the lower surface of the roof plate so as to be slidable in a direction orthogonal to the rotation axis, and one end of each operation rod projecting in both north and south directions is pivotally supported on the rack.
The other end of the operating rod is pivotally attached to the opening / closing fulcrum of a link that is openably and closably provided between the roof plate and the south side inclined surface and the north side inclined surface so as to swing the roof plate in the north-south direction. The shaft is equipped with a pinion that meshes with the rack, and the rotary shaft is connected to the operation handle installed at an appropriate location on the building body so that the rotation can be controlled, and the south opening under the eaves of the roof plate that is tilted and fixed on one side The openable window is detachably attached to the surface or the opening on the north side, and the other end of the operating rod pivotally attached to the open / close fulcrum of the link is removed from the swinging end of the window frame of the openable window. The above-mentioned drawbacks are not solved by providing a summer-winter gradient switching type roof with which the skylight can be opened and closed by the operation handle.

Embodiment An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a roof 2 of a building body 1 is a mountain hut that inclines in a mountain shape in a north-south direction. A group 3 is formed, and an opening 4 extending in both the north and south inclination directions is cut out at the central portion of the top of the Yamagata hut group 3 to form openings formed in the north and south, respectively, and the south side opening surface 5 and the north side opening are formed. It is composed of surface 6.

As shown in FIG. 2, a roof plate 7 is attached to the upper part of the mountain house 3 in an operating state described later, and the roof plate 7 is a flat plate having an area sufficient to cover the opening 4. The roof plate 7 is made of a sheet-like member and is rotatably supported via a bearing 9 on a rotating shaft 8 arranged in the direction of the top ridge of the mountain house 3 and the roof plate 7 swings to open the opening. The south opening surface 5 or the north opening surface 6 of 4 is selectively opened and closed.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the building body 1 is equipped with an interlocking mechanism section 10 for swinging the roof plate 7 by indoor operation when the inclination angle of the roof plate 7 is switched. , Third
As shown in the enlarged view of FIGS. 5 to 5, a pair of guides 11 (only one of which is shown in the figure) is provided at appropriate places on the lower surface of both ends of the roof plate 7 in a direction orthogonal to the rotation axis 8.

As the structure of the guide 11 provided on the lower surface of the roof plate 7, rail grooves are provided at the lower surface positions to the front of the north and south ends of the roof plate 7 and inside the guide groove 11 having the lower surface opening rail groove. In addition, the back surface of the rack 12 is filled with the rack 12 so as to be slidable in the north-south direction, and a pinion 25, which will be described later, is meshed with the lower surface meshing portion of the rack 12 to support the rack 12 from below.

With such a structure of the roof plate 7, the rotary shaft 8, the bearing 9, the guide 11, the rack 12, and the like, the rotary shaft 8 and the bearing 9 are opposed to the slide of the rack 12 on the roof plate 7 by the rotation of the rotary shaft 8.
As shown in FIG. 4, since the bearing 9 supports the roof plate 7 while the rack 12 slides by the rotation of the rotary shaft 8, the roof is rotated. Since the bearing 9 that supports the plate 7 does not rotate, the position of the roof plate 7 with respect to the roof portion 2 does not change.

Incidentally, when the roof plate 7 is swung through various links to be described later by the sliding operation of the rack 12, the bearing 9 is slightly angularly displaced with respect to the rotary shaft 8 and the roof plate 7 supported by the bearing 9 is rotated. By swinging, the support center position of the roof plate 7 is set to the rotation axis 8 as can be seen from the comparison between FIG. 3 and FIG.
In the sense, the roof plate 7 changes its position with respect to the roof part 2 in the diagonally upper position.

Further, one end of the operation rods 15 and 16 projecting in the south direction and the north direction respectively by the center distribution of the rack 12 is pivotally supported at the substantially central portion of the rack 12, and as a specific example of such pivot support means,
In addition to providing a rotatable pin at one end of the operating rods 15 and 16,
A pin hole is provided at a predetermined position of the rack 12 to loosely fit both.

On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, one end of each of upper links 17 and 18 is slidably and rotatably fitted to the north and south ends of the guide 11 of the roof plate 7, respectively. As a specific example of the mounting means, a sliding or rotatable roller is fitted into a rail groove-shaped guide 11 of the roof plate 7, and a pin rotatably mounted on the roller is attached to an upper link 17, It is fixed to one end of 18.

On the other hand, with respect to the links 17 and 18 on the upper side, the south side inclined surface 13,
Similarly, one end of each of links 21 and 22 is also slidably and rotatably fitted into guide members 19 and 20 provided at a position facing north side inclined surface 14, and a specific example of such attachment means is guide member 19, A long hole-shaped loose hole is formed in the longitudinal direction along the north-south side inclined surfaces 13 and 14 of 20, and loose bolts fixed to one end of the links 21 and 22 are loosely fitted into the loose hole. As will be described later, when the lower links 21, 22 are in the upright state, bolts are tightly connected to fix one ends of the links 21, 22.

Then, by linking the other ends of the links 17 and 21 on the south side and the links 18 and 22 on the north side as opening and closing fulcrums 23 and 24, respectively,
The operation rods 15 and 16 are detachably pivoted to the opening / closing fulcrums 23 and 24, respectively, and the other ends of the operation rods 15 and 16 are detachably attached to the opening and closing fulcrums 23 and 24. The pins are fixed to the other ends of the links 17 and 18, and the lower ends of the links 21 and 22 on the lower side are provided with pin holes to allow them to be loosely fitted, and the operation rods 15 and 16 have pin holes at the other ends. And a pipe fixed to the other ends of the links 17 and 18 forming the opening and closing fulcrums 23 and 24, and the other end of a connecting rod 34, which will be described later, can be inserted.

Then, as the rack 12 moves in the north-south direction, the links 17 and 21 on the south side or the links 18 and 22 on the north side are extended and erected, so that the roof plate 7 is swingably interlocked.

As described above, the pinion 25 that supports and meshes with the lower surface meshing portion of the rack 12 from below is mounted at a position opposite to the mounting position of the rack 12 on the rotary shaft 8, and as shown in FIG. An operation handle 27 is rotatably installed at an appropriate place such as an inner wall in a room via a support shaft 26, and sprockets 28 and 29 are mounted at positions where the support shaft 26 and the rotary shaft 8 face each other. A chain 30 is wound between the sprockets 28 and 29, and the rotary shaft 8 is interlocked by rotating the operation handle 27. The guide pin for the roof plate 7 is rotated by rotating the pinion 25 mounted on the rotary shaft 8. The rack 12 attached to 11 is slid in the north-south direction.

The means for connecting the operating handle 27 and the rotary shaft 8 is not limited to the chain 30 shown in FIG. 2, but as shown in FIG. 10, the worm gear 43, the shaft 44, the bevel gear 45,
It is also possible to adopt other connecting means via 45a, etc., and the installation position of the operation handle 27 is not limited to the indoor inner wall, and the height is set to the waist high position and the outdoor outer wall. It may be installed in.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 2, 4, and 5, the skylight 31 mounted in one of the south side opening face 5 and the north side opening face 6 is mounted on the roof side of the roof plate 7 and the south side inclined face. Between 13 or the end of the north side inclined surface 14, after fitting between the upper and lower draining plate members 49, 49a, the window frame 32 fixed by means such as bolting, and the upper end of the window frame 32. It consists of a window frame 33 that is pivotally attached to it so that it can be opened and closed.

Also, one end of the connecting rod 34 is pivotally attached to the lower end of the window frame 33, and the other end of the connecting rod 34 is pivotally attached to the south side opening / closing fulcrum 23 or the north side opening / closing fulcrum 24. It is configured to be detachably connected to the released end of the operation rod 15 on the south side or the operation rod 16 on the north side in a non-rotating state.

As a specific example of the connecting means between the other ends of the operating rods 15 and 16 and the other end of the connecting rod 34, the other end of the connecting rod 34 is inserted in the connecting direction into a pipe provided at the other end of the operating rods 15 and 16. In order to maintain the linear insertion state, a pin is fitted into both the pipe and the connecting rod 34, and a clip is attached to the pin so that the pin does not come off. And a pin hole is provided at the lower end of the window frame 33 to loosely fit both.

In addition, on the east-west side surrounded by the roof part 2, the roof board 7 and the window frame 32, the triangular opening part 46 on the south side or the north side is closed by a closing wall 48 having a wall frame 47 with a similar shape. After fitting between draining plate members (not shown), they are fixed by bolting.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 to 8, a beam 35 is laid between the ridges of the Yamagata hut set 3 so that the rotary shaft 8 is wrapped from below in the east-west direction. The shape is a groove shape having a pair of inclined upward extending portions, and after the swing of the roof plate 7 in one of the north-south direction is completed, one side of the beam 35 extends from the north-south end portion to the bottom surface of the roof plate 7. Are contacted and received.

The groove-shaped beam 35 supports the roof plate 7 in cooperation with the bearing 9 attached to the rotary shaft 8. For example, when the roof plate 7 swings, the bearing 9 alone supports the roof plate 7, as described above. When the normal position of the roof plate 7 is set when the roof plate 7 is not swinging, the roof plate 7 is supported by the bearing 9 and one upward extension of the north and south ends of the beam 35.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 9, the south side inclined surface 13,
An insulating panel 36 and a screen door 37 are slidably mounted to open and close the south side opening surface 5 and the north side opening surface 6 along the north side inclined surface 14, respectively, and in the closed state, contact with the extension end surface of the beam 35 and hermetically seal. The heat insulating panel 36 is made of a plate-shaped member having a heat insulating property.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 6 to 9, the north wall 38 of the building body 1 is made of a member having a large heat capacity such as a thick concrete wall having no opening, while the south wall is formed. A side window 40 that can be freely opened and closed is attached to 39.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 1, 6, and 8, a solar collector 41 is installed on the upper part of the roof part 2, and the lower end is located on the end of the north slope 14 of the building body 1. The north end of the solar collector 41 is rotatably attached to the upper end of the support column 42 which is pivotally supported.
The south end of 41 is rotatably attached to the north end of the roof plate 7 so that the solar collector 41 is interlocked with the inclination of the roof plate 7, and at that time, the roof plate 7 is opened at the north side. When the surface 6 is open, the solar collector 41 is arranged on the extension line of the inclination angle of the roof plate 7, and conversely, when the south opening surface 5 is open, the solar collector 41 is substantially perpendicular to the roof plate 7. The length and mounting position of the column 42 are set so as to stand upright.

Next, the operation of the summer-winter gradient switching type roof according to the present invention will be described. In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, by rotating the operation handle 27 to the right, the rotary shaft is rotated via the sprockets 28 and 29 and the chain 30. 8 rotates in the same direction, and the rack 12 slides to the south side via the pinion 25 as the rotary shaft 8 rotates.

Then, as shown in FIG. 3, one end of the operating rod 15 is fixed to the rack 12 by sliding the rack 12, so that the operating rod 15 also slides to the south side to link the south side link 17, By pressing the open / close fulcrum 23 of 21 to the south,
One ends of the links 17 and 21 move to the south side inside the guide 11 and the guide member 19 provided on the roof plate 7 and the south side inclined surface 13, respectively.

Subsequent slides of rack 12 to the south will result in links 17, 21
When the sliding movement of one end of the
The pin joints of 17 and 21 are Y-shaped and the opening and closing fulcrum
Since the operation rod 15 including 23 and both ends of the links 17 and 21 are all pivotally attached, pressing the opening / closing fulcrum 23 to the south side spreads the links 17 and 21 in the standing state.

In addition, in other words, in other words, the rotary shaft 8 and the lower link 21
One end of the trapezoid is called the lower base of the trapezoid, the ends of the operating rod 15 are called the upper trapezoid of the trapezoid, and in the link mechanism that uses pin joints at each node, slide the upper bottom to the right. , The upper bottom rises to the right, and the links 17 and 21 are spread to the upright state.

For the operation rod 16, links 18 and 22 on the north side,
By sliding 12 to the south side, the operation rod 16 also moves to the south side, and in conjunction with this, the opening / closing fulcrum 24 of the links 18 and 22 on the north side is pulled to the south side, and the links 18 and 22 also sequentially move to the south side.

When the south links 17 and 21 move in the upright direction as described above, one end of the lower link 21 has a constant position,
One end of the upper link 17 rises and presses the south side of the roof plate 7 upward, and the roof plate 7 tilts and swings toward the north side inclined surface 14 side to open the south side opening surface 5.

In such an open state, as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the window frame 32 of the skylight 31 is interposed and fixed between the end portion of the roof plate 7 and the south side inclined surface 13 in the middle period from summer to winter. When the roof wall 7, the south side inclined surface 13 and the window frame 32 are used to fix the closing wall 48 to the triangular opening 46 located in the east and west, the draining plate member 49 partially shown in the drawing is used. , 49a, and then tighten bolts.

After that, as shown in FIG. 5, the operating rod 15 removed from the opening / closing fulcrum 23 of the links 17 and 21 on the south side in the pin-joined state.
The connecting rod attached to the lower end of the window frame 33 at the end of the
The other end of the operation rod 15, the window frame 33, and the connecting rod 34 are swung so as to be inserted into the pipe of the operation rod 15 so as to be connected and not to be disconnected.

When the links 17 and 21 on the south side are erected and the window frame 32 is fixed, the window frame 32 or the window frame 32 should be rigidly connected to the opening / closing fulcrum 23 of the links 17 and 21 on the south side. A link (not shown), which is an accessory part of the link, and the links 17, 21 are connected by a connecting member (not shown) to maintain the standing state of the links 17, 21.

In the state shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the other end of the operation rod 15 on the south side pivotally attached to the rack 12 is moved to the window frame by the sliding operation of the rack 12 accompanying the rotation of the operation handle 27.
The links 18 and 22 on the north side, which are connected to the other end of the connecting rod 34 of 33 and to the other end of the operation rod 16 on the north side, are in a slidable position as shown in FIG. 17, 21
Holds the south side eaves part of the roof plate 7 in an upright state, the sliding operation of the rack 12 does not participate in the swing opening / closing of the roof plate 7.

On the other hand, the rack 12 and the window frame 33 are interlocked and connected by the straight operation rod 15 and the connecting rod 34 on the south side, and since one ends of both are pivotally attached, for example, as shown in FIG. When closing the rack, the operation rod 15 and the connecting rod 34 are also interlocked by the downward tilt slide of the rack 12 so that the lower end of the window frame 33 descends and the base end of the window frame 33 is pivotally attached. Therefore, the lower end of the window frame 33 draws an arcuate locus, and therefore the lower end of the window frame 33 is pushed and pulled by the sliding operation of the rack 12, so that the skylight 31 is moved along with the sliding of the rack 12. Opening and closing is interlocked.

In this inclined state of the roof plate 7, as shown in FIG. 8, since the solar radiation angle is low in winter, direct sunlight enters the room through the skylight 31 toward the north wall 38 on the north side, and Direct sunlight also enters from the side window 40 of the south wall 39 to obtain uniform illuminance and heats the room, and the north wall 38, which has a large heat capacity, efficiently stores direct sunlight in the daytime.

Further, at night, the heating action is maintained by the radiant heat from the north wall 38 accumulated in the daytime, and the heat insulating panel 36 is slid to close the opening 4 as shown in FIG. The heat radiation from is prevented.

On the other hand, although not shown, in the intermediate period from winter to summer, the operation rod 15 on the south side is removed from the connecting rod 34 of the window frame 33 and the skylight 31 is removed, and the operation rod 15 on the south side is linked 17,
The opening / closing fulcrum 23 of 21 is pivotally connected to the roof plate 7 so that the roof 7 can swing, while the operating rod 16 on the north side is pivotally connected to the opening / closing fulcrum 24 of the links 18, 22 as shown in FIG. When the operation handle 27 is rotated in the opposite direction in the slidable state, the links 18 and 22 on the north side are pushed and extended by the rack 12 this time, so that the roof plate 7 is opened in the direction in which the north side opening surface 6 opens. When the skylight 31 is attached to the north side,
By connecting 16 to the window frame 33 via the connecting rod 34, the skylight 31 on the north side is opened and closed.

In the state shown in FIG. 6, the sunlight is reflected by the surface of the roof plate 7 because the solar radiation angle is high in summer,
As for ventilation in the room, as shown in FIG. 7, by opening both the skylight 31 and the side window 40 attached to the south wall 39, natural ventilation in the room is promoted by ventilation from the south, which is often in summer.

Further, when the solar collector 41 is used together, the solar collector 41 is arranged and interlocked with the same gentle south inclination angle as the roof plate 7 by adjusting the roof plate 7 in summer, as shown in FIG. In the winter season, the solar collector 41 faces in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of solar radiation at a low angle in conjunction with the adjustment of the roof 7 as shown in FIG. Is arranged so that
The amount of solar radiation received is set to be large, and the surface reflected light of the roof plate 7 is also adjusted to be effectively usable.

〔The invention's effect〕

In short, according to the present invention, the roof portion 2 of the building body 1 is composed of the Yamagata cottage 3 which inclines like a mountain in the north-south direction. Is formed, and the south side opening surface 5 and the north side opening surface 6 of the opening 4 are selectively opened / closed on the upper part of the Yamagata house group 3 with the rotation axis 8 arranged in the direction of the top ridge of the Yamagata house group 3 as a fulcrum. Since the flat roof plate 7 is swingably supported, it is only necessary to adjust the swing of the roof plate 7 to change the inclination angle of the roof plate 7, and to arbitrarily control the solar radiation of the sun rays. An optimal indoor environment according to the season can be obtained, and since it is possible to illuminate from the roof part 2 through the south side opening face 5 or the north side opening face 6 caused by the adjustment of the roof plate 7, a uniform illuminance distribution can be obtained throughout the room. Not only can it be held, but the north side opens in summer. It can be effectively ventilated room by utilizing the surface 6 as vents.

Further, a rack 12 is attached to an appropriate place on the lower surface of the roof plate 7 so as to be slidable in a direction orthogonal to the rotary shaft 8, and one end of operation rods 15 and 16 projecting in both north and south directions is pivotally supported on the rack 12. Then, the other ends of the operation rods 15 and 16 are combined with the roof plate 7 so that the roof plate 7 swings in the north-south direction.
And pivots 23 and 24 of the links 17, 18, 21, 22 which are openably and closably interposed between the rack 12 and the rotary shaft 8, respectively.
Since the pinion 25 that meshes with the rotary shaft 8 is attached to the operation handle 27 installed at an appropriate location of the building body 1 so that the rotation shaft 8 can be controllably rotated, the roof plate 7 can be moved only by rotating the operation handle 27. The rocking operation can be easily performed in a predetermined tilted state.

Further, an openable and closable window is detachably attached to the south side opening surface 5 or the north side opening surface 6 under the eaves of the roof plate 7 which is inclined and fixed to one side, and the window frame 33 of the openable and closable window swings. The other ends of the operation rods 15 and 16 pivotally attached to the opening / closing fulcrums 23 and 24 of the links 17, 18, 21 and 22 are detached and connected to the ends, and the skylight 31 can be opened and closed by the operation handle 27. Because I did
With the roof plate 7 tilted and fixed in a predetermined direction, the operation handle 27 is operated to easily open and close the skylight 31 to adjust ventilation to the room, and thus to easily operate natural conditions in both summer and winter. With this, the practical use can be controlled to the maximum extent, and its practical effect is enormous.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a side view of a summer-winter gradient switching type roof according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the same as above, and FIG. Figure showing the state, No. 4
Figures 5 are diagrams showing the open / closed state of the skylight, 6 and 7 are diagrams showing adjustment of the roof plate in summer, and Figs. 8 and 9 are diagrams showing the adjustment of roof plate in the winter. FIG. 10 and FIG. 10 are views showing another means for connecting the operation handle and the rotary shaft. 1 ... Building body, 2 ... Roof part, 3 ... Yamagata hut group, 4
...... Opening part, 5 ...... South side opening face, 6 ...... North side opening face, 7
…… Roof plate, 8 …… Rotating shaft, 12 …… Rack, 15,16 ……
Operating rod, 17, 18, 21, 22 …… Link, 23,24 …… Opening / closing fulcrum, 25 …… Pinion, 27 …… Operating handle, 31 …… Skylight, 32 …… Window frame, 33 …… Window frame

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A roof of a building body is formed by a mountain-shaped roofing group that inclines in a north-south direction in a mountain shape, and an opening is formed at the top of the mountain-shaped roofing group in both directions of inclination. At the top of the roof, a flat roof plate that selectively opens and closes the south and north openings of the opening is swingably supported with a rotating shaft that is arranged in the direction of the ridge of the top of the Yamagata roof as a fulcrum. Then, a rack is attached to an appropriate place on the lower surface of the roof plate so as to be slidable in a direction orthogonal to the rotation axis, and one end of each operation rod projecting in both north and south directions is pivotally supported on the rack. The ends are pivotally attached to the opening and closing fulcrums of links that are openably and closably provided between the roof plate and the south side inclined face and the north side inclined face so that the roof plate swings in the north-south direction. An operation hub with a mating pinion installed and a rotary shaft installed at an appropriate location on the building body. Dollar rotated controlled freely cooperative to,
Further, an openable / closable window is detachably attached to the south side opening surface or the north side opening surface under the eaves of the roof plate fixed to one side, and the link is attached to the swinging end of the window frame of the openable / closable window. The other end of the operation rod pivotally attached to the opening and closing fulcrum is removed and connected, and the skylight can be opened and closed with the operation handle.