JPH0779046B2 - Electrode forming method for superconducting current lead - Google Patents
Electrode forming method for superconducting current leadInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0779046B2 JPH0779046B2 JP3048995A JP4899591A JPH0779046B2 JP H0779046 B2 JPH0779046 B2 JP H0779046B2 JP 3048995 A JP3048995 A JP 3048995A JP 4899591 A JP4899591 A JP 4899591A JP H0779046 B2 JPH0779046 B2 JP H0779046B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- oxide superconductor
- current lead
- metal
- forming
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は酸化物超電導材料を用い
た電流リードの電極形成方法に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for forming a current lead electrode using an oxide superconducting material.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】超電導磁石装置などの超電導装置に用い
る電流リードとして酸化物超電導体を使用することは、
金属あるいは合金系超電導体を使用する場合に比べて冷
却システムが簡素化され、低コスト化、操作性の向上な
ど多くの利点が見込まれる。この場合、電流リードを構
成する酸化物超電導体と金属製のワイヤまたはバルクと
を接続する必要がある。従来、この接続にはハンダ付け
やろう付等が使用されている。図２は超電導機器と電流
リードとの関係を示す模式図である。超電導コイル１１
と銅製電流リード１２の間に酸化物超電導体電流リード
１３を接続部１４を介して配置する。通常、これらの電
流リード部のうち、酸化物超電導体電流リード１３は酸
化物超電導体の臨界温度以下に冷却して用いられる。The use of oxide superconductors as current leads in superconducting devices such as superconducting magnet devices is
Compared to the case of using a metal or alloy type superconductor, the cooling system is simplified, and many advantages such as cost reduction and operability improvement are expected. In this case, it is necessary to connect the oxide superconductor forming the current lead and the metal wire or bulk. Conventionally, soldering or brazing has been used for this connection. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between superconducting equipment and current leads. Superconducting coil 11
The oxide superconductor current lead 13 is arranged between the copper current lead 12 and the copper current lead 12 via the connecting portion 14. Usually, among these current lead portions, the oxide superconductor current lead 13 is used after being cooled to the critical temperature of the oxide superconductor or lower.
【０００３】しかし、酸化物超電導体電流リードに対す
るハンダ付け、ろう付けによる電極の接続は接触抵抗が
十分小さくはないので、流せる電流に限界がある。さら
に接触抵抗を下げる接続方法としては、電気抵抗が小さ
く超電導特性を劣化させない金属であるＡｇ、Ａｕ、Ｉ
ｎ等を箔状に加工し、酸化物超電導体に金属箔を圧着、
熱処理して電極を形成する方法も知られている。However, since the contact resistance of the electrode connection by soldering or brazing to the oxide superconductor current lead is not sufficiently small, there is a limit to the current that can be passed. As a connection method for further reducing the contact resistance, Ag, Au, I which is a metal having a small electric resistance and which does not deteriorate the superconducting property is used.
n is processed into a foil shape, and a metal foil is pressure bonded to the oxide superconductor,
A method of forming an electrode by heat treatment is also known.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記の従来方法は酸化
物超電導体電流リードを接続する際にある程度の効果の
ある方法であるが、さらに大きな電流が流れるときはジ
ュール熱による発熱量が大きくなることがあり、その場
合は大量の冷媒で冷却する必要がでてくる。The above-mentioned conventional method is a method having some effect when connecting the oxide superconductor current lead, but when a larger current flows, the amount of heat generated by Joule heat increases. In that case, it becomes necessary to cool with a large amount of refrigerant.
【０００５】図３にＡｇ、Ａｕ、Ｉｎ等の金属箔に熱処
理を施して超電導体に電極を形成する方法の一例を示
す。ビスマス系酸化物超電導体１５にＡｇ製の金属箔１
６を圧着、熱処理した界面の模式図を示す。界面は熱処
理を加えたにもかかわらず間隙が残り、見かけの接触面
積に比べ、有効な接触面積は小さい。結局、固体同志の
接触であるため、この方法での接触抵抗の低減には限界
がある。本発明は接触抵抗のきわめて低い電極を酸化物
超電導体電流リードに備えることを目的とする。FIG. 3 shows an example of a method for forming an electrode on a superconductor by heat-treating a metal foil such as Ag, Au or In. Metal foil 1 made of Ag on bismuth oxide superconductor 15
The schematic diagram of the interface which pressure-bonded and heat-processed 6 is shown. Even though the interface is subjected to heat treatment, a gap remains and the effective contact area is smaller than the apparent contact area. After all, since the solids are in contact with each other, there is a limit in reducing the contact resistance by this method. The present invention aims to provide electrodes with very low contact resistance in oxide superconductor current leads.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の方法は、酸化物
超電導体を用いた電流リードの電極の接触抵抗を低減さ
せるため、Ａｇ、Ａｕ、Ｉｎまたはそれらの合金を酸化
物超電導体にたいして溶射するか、あるいは超電導特性
に影響がなく、電気抵抗が小さく、かつ低融点であるＩ
ｎ、Ｇａ、Ａｇなどの合金の溶融液状体に酸化物超電導
体を浸漬することにより金属を溶着させて電極とする方
法である。溶着度合は、酸化物超電導体に対する、溶着
金属のぬれ性が影響する。According to the method of the present invention, in order to reduce the contact resistance of the electrode of a current lead using an oxide superconductor, Ag, Au, In or their alloys are sprayed on the oxide superconductor. I, which does not affect the superconducting characteristics, has a low electric resistance, and has a low melting point
This is a method in which an oxide superconductor is immersed in a molten liquid material of an alloy such as n, Ga, or Ag to deposit a metal and form an electrode. The degree of deposition is affected by the wettability of the deposited metal with respect to the oxide superconductor.
【０００７】上記の金属または合金を溶射する方法の場
合、酸化物超電導体を超電導特性を劣化させない程度の
高温に予熱しておくことで、ぬれ性が向上し、溶着度合
をさらに高めることが出来る。In the case of the above-mentioned method of spraying a metal or alloy, by preheating the oxide superconductor to a high temperature at which the superconducting characteristics are not deteriorated, the wettability is improved and the degree of welding can be further increased. .
【０００８】金属または合金の溶融液状体中に浸漬する
方法の場合、融点の高いものは超電導特性を劣化させる
ため使用できない。電極の有効な接触面積の大きさは、
酸化物超電導体に対する溶融金属のぬれ性が影響する。
この場合も、酸化物超電導体を合金の溶融温度より、５
〜２０％程度高温に予熱することでぬれ性を高めること
が出来る。In the case of the method of immersing in a molten liquid of a metal or an alloy, one having a high melting point cannot be used because it deteriorates the superconducting property. The effective contact area of the electrode is
The wettability of the molten metal with respect to the oxide superconductor has an influence.
In this case, too, the oxide superconductor should be heated to a temperature below the melting temperature of the alloy,
Wetting can be enhanced by preheating to a high temperature of about 20%.
【０００９】溶射による電極形成方法および浸漬による
電極形成方法は、固体同志の接触では解消できない界面
の間隙をなくすことが出来る。The electrode forming method by thermal spraying and the electrode forming method by dipping can eliminate the interfacial gap that cannot be eliminated by contact between solids.
【００１０】[0010]
【作用】本発明の溶射による電極形成方法について説明
する。溶射の方法は、酸化物超電導体に金属が均一に溶
着されるものでなければならない。図１は溶射による電
極形成の一例を示す図である。酸化物超電導体１は回転
装置２により回転させる。溶射用ガン３から溶射される
金属４は、酸化物超電導体１上に均一に溶着されて電極
金属５を形成する。この電極を形成する金属は、超電導
特性に影響がなく、かつ、電気抵抗の小さいＡｇ、Ａ
ｕ、Ｉｎまたはそれらの合金を使用する。さらに、酸化
物超電導体に対する溶射金属のぬれ性を高めるために、
酸化物超電導体を超電導特性を劣化させない程度の高温
に予熱しておく。ぬれ性が高くなることで、溶射金属の
溶着度がさらに向上する。接触抵抗は接触面積に相対し
て小さくなる。溶着度が向上して、溶射金属と酸化物超
電導体の界面の間隙がなくなれば、有効な接触面積が大
きくなり、接触抵抗を低減させることが出来る。The method of forming an electrode by thermal spraying according to the present invention will be described. The method of thermal spraying must be one in which the metal is uniformly deposited on the oxide superconductor. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of electrode formation by thermal spraying. The oxide superconductor 1 is rotated by the rotating device 2. The metal 4 sprayed from the spray gun 3 is uniformly deposited on the oxide superconductor 1 to form the electrode metal 5. The metal forming this electrode does not affect the superconducting properties and has a small electric resistance, such as Ag and A.
u, In or alloys thereof are used. Furthermore, in order to improve the wettability of the sprayed metal with respect to the oxide superconductor,
The oxide superconductor is preheated to a high temperature that does not deteriorate the superconducting properties. The higher wettability further improves the degree of deposition of the sprayed metal. The contact resistance becomes smaller relative to the contact area. If the degree of deposition is improved and the gap between the interface between the sprayed metal and the oxide superconductor is eliminated, the effective contact area is increased and the contact resistance can be reduced.
【００１１】本発明の浸漬による電極形成方法について
説明する。浸漬の方法により電極を形成する金属は、超
電導特性に影響がなく、かつ、電気抵抗が小さく、さら
に低融点であることが必要である。そこでＩｎ、Ｇａ、
Ａｇなどの合金を使用する。図５は浸漬による電極形成
の一例を示す図である。るつぼ７中で合金８を溶融させ
る。ここに酸化物超電導体１を浸漬して電極部を形成す
る。この際、酸化物超電導体に対する溶融金属のぬれ性
を高めるために、酸化物超電導体を超電導特性を劣化さ
せない程度の高温に予熱しておく。ぬれ性が高くなるこ
とで、金属の溶着度がさらに向上する。The electrode formation method by immersion of the present invention will be described. The metal forming the electrode by the dipping method is required to have no influence on the superconducting property, have a low electric resistance, and have a low melting point. So In, Ga,
An alloy such as Ag is used. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of electrode formation by immersion. The alloy 8 is melted in the crucible 7. The oxide superconductor 1 is immersed therein to form an electrode portion. At this time, in order to improve the wettability of the molten metal with respect to the oxide superconductor, the oxide superconductor is preheated to a high temperature at which the superconducting characteristics are not deteriorated. The higher wettability further improves the degree of metal deposition.
【００１２】上記の溶射あるいは浸漬により形成した電
流リードの電極は図４に示すように金属と酸化物超電導
体が図３で示した固体同士の接触に比べて、金属と酸化
物超電導体の界面の間隙がなく、有効な接触面積を大き
くすることで、接触抵抗を低減させることが出来る。As shown in FIG. 4, the electrode of the current lead formed by the above thermal spraying or immersion has an interface between the metal and the oxide superconductor as compared with the contact between the metal and the oxide superconductor shown in FIG. The contact resistance can be reduced by increasing the effective contact area without the gap.
【００１３】[0013]
【実施例】（実施例１）本発明の溶射による電極形成方
法の実施例を示す。ビスマス系酸化物超電導体に銀を溶
射した電極部の接触抵抗は７７Ｋにおいて１０-8Ωｃｍ
2であった。EXAMPLES Example 1 An example of the method for forming an electrode by thermal spraying of the present invention will be described. The contact resistance of the electrode part where silver is sprayed on the bismuth oxide superconductor is 10 -8 Ωcm at 77K.
Was 2 .
【００１４】（実施例２）本発明の溶融金属中に浸漬す
る電極形成方法の実施例を以下に示す。Ａｇ−Ｉｎ合金
の溶融金属にビスマス系酸化物超電導体を浸漬して電極
を形成する。図６はＡｇ−Ｉｎ合金の状態図である。図
において矢印で示されているものはＡｇとＩｎの原子比
が３．２：９６．８の組成となる点である。本実施例で
はこの組成を選んで、前出の図５のように、るつぼ中で
溶融し、ビスマス系酸化物超電導体を浸漬して電極を形
成した。ビスマス系超電導体の温度は１７５℃に予熱し
た。これは共晶温度１５６℃より１０％程度高いもので
ある。この結果、形成された電極部の接触抵抗は７７Ｋ
において１０-8Ωｃｍ2であった。(Embodiment 2) An embodiment of an electrode forming method of immersing in a molten metal of the present invention is shown below. An electrode is formed by immersing a bismuth oxide superconductor in a molten metal of Ag-In alloy. FIG. 6 is a phase diagram of an Ag-In alloy. What is indicated by an arrow in the figure is the point where the atomic ratio of Ag and In is 3.2: 96.8. In this example, this composition was selected and melted in a crucible, and a bismuth oxide superconductor was dipped to form an electrode as shown in FIG. The temperature of the bismuth-based superconductor was preheated to 175 ° C. This is about 10% higher than the eutectic temperature of 156 ° C. As a result, the contact resistance of the formed electrode is 77K.
At 10 -8 Ωcm 2 .
【００１５】実施例１及び２において得られた接触抵抗
Ｒ＝１０-8Ωｃｍ2を以下の式に代入してジュール発熱
Ｑを計算する。 Ｑ＝Ｉ2Ｒ ここで通電電流Ｉ＝１０００Ａ、電極部の接触面積を１
ｃｍ2とすると Ｑ＝（１０００）2×１０-8 ＝１０-2 Ｗ このように発熱量としては問題のない数値が得られた。The contact resistance R = 10 -8 Ωcm 2 obtained in Examples 1 and 2 is substituted into the following equation to calculate Joule heat generation Q. Q = I 2 R Here, the energizing current I = 1000 A, the contact area of the electrode part is 1
In terms of cm 2 , Q = (1000) 2 × 10 -8 = 10 -2 W As described above, a calorific value having no problem was obtained.
【００１６】[0016]
【発明の効果】以上のように、酸化物超電導体にＡｕ、
Ａｇ、Ｉｎ及びそれらの合金を溶射して電極部を形成す
る方法、Ｉｎ、Ｇａ、Ａｇの合金の溶融金属中に酸化物
超電導体を浸漬して電極を形成する方法とも、従来の固
体同志にあるような、接触界面の間隙がなくすことがで
きる。電極形成の際、酸化物超電導体を高温にしておく
ことで界面のぬれ性が大きくなり、さらに接触界面の間
隙がなくなる。有効な接触面積が増大し、それに対応し
て接触抵抗を極めて低くすることが出来る。これによ
り、超電導機器、金属製電流リードとの接続部の発熱量
を抑えられ、冷却の工程、コストを少なくすることが出
来る。As described above, Au is added to the oxide superconductor,
A method of spraying Ag, In and their alloys to form an electrode part, a method of immersing an oxide superconductor in a molten metal of an alloy of In, Ga and Ag to form an electrode are also known as conventional solids. Certain contact interface gaps can be eliminated. When forming the electrode, by keeping the temperature of the oxide superconductor at a high temperature, the wettability of the interface becomes large and the gap at the contact interface disappears. The effective contact area is increased and the contact resistance can be correspondingly lowered. As a result, the amount of heat generated at the connection between the superconducting device and the metallic current lead can be suppressed, and the cooling process and cost can be reduced.
【図１】本発明の溶射による電極形成方法の一例を示す
図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of an electrode forming method by thermal spraying of the present invention.
【図２】従来の超電導機器と電流リードの関係を示す模
式図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a relationship between a conventional superconducting device and a current lead.
【図３】従来の金属箔圧着により形成した電極界面の説
明図である。FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of an electrode interface formed by conventional metal foil pressure bonding.
【図４】本発明の溶射あるいは浸漬による電極形成の一
例を示す説明図である。FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing an example of electrode formation by thermal spraying or immersion of the present invention.
【図５】本発明の浸漬による電極形成方法の一例を示す
説明図である。FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing an example of a method of forming an electrode by immersion according to the present invention.
【図６】Ａｇ−Ｉｎ合金の状態図である。FIG. 6 is a phase diagram of Ag—In alloy.
１ 酸化物超電導体 ２ 回転装置 ３ 溶射用ガン ４ 溶射金属 ５ 圧着した電極金属 ６ 溶融あるいは溶射により酸化物超電導体の溶着し
た電極金属 ７ るつぼ ８ 溶融合金 １１ 超電導コイル １２ 銅製電流リード １３ 酸化物超電導体電流リード １４ 接続部 １５ ビスマス系酸化物超電導体 １６ Ａｇ製金属箔DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 oxide superconductor 2 rotating device 3 spray gun 4 sprayed metal 5 pressure-bonded electrode metal 6 electrode metal with oxide superconductor deposited by melting or spraying 7 crucible 8 molten alloy 11 superconducting coil 12 copper current lead 13 oxide superconductivity Body current lead 14 Connection part 15 Bismuth oxide superconductor 16 Ag metal foil
Claims (6)
導体にたいして、超電導特性に影響がなく、電気抵抗が
小さい金属またはそれらの合金を溶射することにより、
金属を該酸化物超電導体に溶着させて電極とすることを
特徴とする超電導電流リードの電極形成方法。1. An oxide superconductor forming a superconducting current lead is sprayed with a metal or an alloy thereof having a small electric resistance without affecting superconducting characteristics.
A method for forming an electrode of a superconducting current lead, which comprises forming a electrode by welding a metal to the oxide superconductor.
ンジウムであることを特徴とする請求項１記載の超電導
電流リードの電極形成方法。2. The method for forming an electrode of a superconducting current lead according to claim 1, wherein the metal having a low electric resistance is gold, silver or indium.
させない温度に予熱することを特徴とする請求項１およ
び２記載の超電導電流リードの電極形成方法。3. The method for forming an electrode of a superconducting current lead according to claim 1, wherein the oxide superconductor is preheated to a temperature at which superconducting characteristics are not deteriorated.
導体にたいして、超電導特性に影響がなく、電気抵抗が
小さく、かつ低融点であるい金属またはそれらの合金の
溶融液中に、該酸化物超電導体を浸漬することにより、
前記金属または合金を該酸化物超電導体に溶着させて電
極とすることを特徴とする超電導電流リードの電極形成
方法。4. An oxide superconductor that does not affect superconducting characteristics, has a low electric resistance, and has a low melting point with respect to an oxide superconductor that constitutes a superconducting current lead. By immersing the body,
A method of forming an electrode of a superconducting current lead, comprising: depositing the metal or alloy on the oxide superconductor to form an electrode.
合金またはＧａ−Ｉｎ合金から選択された合金であるこ
とを特徴とする請求項４記載の超電導電流リードの電極
形成方法。5. The alloy is a Ga—In alloy, Ag—Ga.
The method for forming an electrode of a superconducting current lead according to claim 4, wherein the electrode is an alloy or an alloy selected from Ga-In alloys.
りも上でかつ超電導特性を劣化させない温度に予熱する
ことを特徴とする請求項４および５記載の超電導電流リ
ードの電極形成方法。6. The method for forming an electrode of a superconducting current lead according to claim 4, wherein the oxide superconductor is preheated to a temperature above the melting point of the molten alloy and at which the superconducting characteristics are not deteriorated.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3048995A JPH0779046B2 (en) | 1991-02-21 | 1991-02-21 | Electrode forming method for superconducting current lead |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3048995A JPH0779046B2 (en) | 1991-02-21 | 1991-02-21 | Electrode forming method for superconducting current lead |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04267311A JPH04267311A (en) | 1992-09-22 |
| JPH0779046B2 true JPH0779046B2 (en) | 1995-08-23 |
Family
ID=12818794
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3048995A Expired - Lifetime JPH0779046B2 (en) | 1991-02-21 | 1991-02-21 | Electrode forming method for superconducting current lead |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0779046B2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5885515A (en) * | 1981-11-17 | 1983-05-21 | 日本電気株式会社 | Chip-shaped condenser and method of producing same |
| JPH0779045B2 (en) * | 1991-02-07 | 1995-08-23 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | Oxide superconducting current lead |
-
1991
- 1991-02-21 JP JP3048995A patent/JPH0779046B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH04267311A (en) | 1992-09-22 |
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