JPH0780183B2 - Bottom discharge type crusher - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a bottom discharge type crusher for crushing an object to be crushed, for example, a plastic piece as an industrial waste, into granules for recycling as a recycling resource.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Plastic pieces, which are waste products discharged during the production of plastic molded articles and the like, are useful as resources. However, if the shape of the plastic pieces is different, it is inconvenient to handle, and it is necessary to crush the plastic pieces into pellets before recycling. The present applicant has also previously disclosed the technology of a "vertical crusher" which is excellent in the ability to efficiently crush a plastic piece as an object to be crushed (Japanese Patent Application No. 1-2237).
22).

FIG. 5 is an external perspective view of the main part of this "vertical crusher". In this figure, this vertical crusher has a rotary cutter b for rotating a plastic piece as a material to be crushed, which has been charged into a crushing chamber a through an upper charging port (not shown), and a plurality of gears which mesh with the rotary cutter b. It is crushed by the fixed cutters c to f. Then, the crushed plastic powder penetrates a large number of discharge holes h to formed in the inner tank g by a centrifugal force or the like by the rotary cutter b and the discharge chamber i.
And then discharged from a discharge port (not shown). In this case, the plurality of discharge holes h to formed in the inner tank g have a role of defining the particle size of the pulverized product discharged, that is, the size of the granular material, depending on the size of the holes.

This vertical crusher is capable of continuous operation,
The crushing process is more efficient than the conventional crushers, and it is an excellent plastic crusher. However, this vertical crusher also had some problems to be solved. That is, the plastic pieces to be crushed are not crushed into the granular bodies of a predetermined size, and in particular, the elongated pieces or the like pass through the discharge holes h and h to enter the discharge chamber i and are discharged as they are. There is.
In addition, in some cases, the strips and the like may be clogged in the discharge holes h, h to cause clogging, and if the device is operated in such a clogging state, the efficiency of pulverization decreases, It was necessary to appropriately stop the operating device to remove the clogging.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention was devised to solve the above-mentioned problems, and is to grind into granules of a predetermined size regardless of the shape of the material to be ground. And a bottom discharge type crusher capable of efficiently crushing plastic pieces without the need to stop the device for removing clogging. It is an object.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention surrounds a vertical axis of rotation at a predetermined interval and crushes an object to be crushed from an input port. A tank provided with a crushing chamber for processing and a discharge chamber for discharging the crushed material that has been crushed into particles in the crushing chamber and for discharging the crushed material from the discharge chamber to the outside. The body and the vertical rotation shaft are provided so as to penetrate through the substantially central portion, and a plurality of elongated drop openings for dropping the crushed object to be crushed are formed to partition the crushing chamber and the discharge chamber. A particle size adjusting plate, a fixed cutter provided on the inner wall of the crushing chamber of the tank, and a radial cutter coaxially with the vertical rotation shaft are provided. A rotary cutter that crushes by meshing with a fixed cutter And is provided below the rotary cutter coaxially with the vertical rotary shaft in the radial direction thereof, and is rotated simultaneously with the rotation of the rotary cutter, and is rotated at the same time as the particle size adjusting plate positioned below to be ground. And an end cutter for pulverizing an object into a predetermined particle size.

Further, a pre-cutter for roughly crushing the crushed object to be crushed is provided above the rotary cutter, and a blade-like body fixed to the vertical rotary shaft and rotating is provided in the discharge chamber. The pulverized material falling from the drop opening of the particle size adjusting plate is discharged from the discharge opening by the rotation of the blade.

[0008]

[Operation] When the vertical rotation axis is driven to rotate, the pre-cutter,
The rotary cutter and end cutter rotate, respectively, and preparation for loading the material to be ground is complete. Next, when the object to be crushed is charged from the charging port, the object to be crushed is roughly crushed by the pre-cutter, and then crushed by the rotary cutter and the fixed cutter that meshes with the rotary cutter. To be done. The crushed material that became a granular body by this crushing,
Although it falls through a plurality of drop openings formed in the grain size adjusting plate that defines the bottom of the crushing chamber, the final crushing is performed by the cooperation of the grain size adjusting plate and the end cutter during this fall. During this final crushing, the particles are crushed into granules having a size corresponding to the width of the holes formed in the particle size adjusting plate and orthogonal to the longitudinal direction, and then discharged.

The crushed granular material dropped from the drop opening of the particle size adjusting plate is guided to the discharge opening by the rotating blade-shaped body, that is, the wind force or the rotating force of the discharge rotary blade and is discharged to the outside. . In this way, the processing from the feeding of the plastic pieces to the crushing to the discharging can be efficiently performed.

[0010]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of a bottom discharge type crusher according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of an essential part, and FIG. 3 is a diffusion development view showing a configuration of a crushing processing part. In the figure, the bottom surface discharge type crusher 1 has a crushed material charging section 2, a crushing processing section 3 for crushing the charged crushed material, and a crushed material crushed by the crushing processing section 3. The discharging unit 4, the crushing processing unit 3, the driving unit 5 for driving the discharging unit 4, and the base unit 6 for supporting these units.

The crushed material charging section 2 is formed as a box-shaped body as the tank body which is open downward and has an attachment flange 7 integrally formed along the open end thereof. A hopper-shaped charging port 8 for charging a material to be crushed is provided on the upper portion of the unit 2. Further, guide plates 11a and 11b of the object to be charged, which extend while tilting downward, are attached to the inner surfaces 9 and 10 of the object input part 2 to be crushed, respectively, with different mounting heights. It serves as a protective plate for smoothly guiding the material to be crushed from the charging port 8 to the lower crushing chamber 12 and preventing the crushed material crushed in the crushing chamber 12 from bouncing upward. There is.

The crushed material charging section 2 is connected by a hinge section 13 and opens from a crushing processing section 3 which will be described later. That is, the hinge protrusion 13a extending outward in the radial direction is provided at one end in the outward radial direction of the mounting flange 7.
Both sides of the hinge protrusion 13a are bent downward to form hinge engaging portions 13b and 13c. Further, at the other end of the mounting flange 7 in the radial outer direction,
The U-shaped clamping protrusions 14a and 14b are formed.

The crushing unit 3 has a cylindrical outer shape as the tank body, and engaging protrusions 16a and 16b are formed at one end of the outer side surface of the cylindrical body to form the hinge member. The hinge portions 13 are formed by engaging the joint portions 13b and 13c with engagement screws 15a and 15b. Further, the tightening protrusions 14a, 14 at the other end of the outer side surface of the cylindrical body of the crushing processing unit 3
At the position corresponding to b, the fastener support portions 17a and 17b are formed to project, and the fastener support portions 17a and 17b are formed.
A support shaft 18 is spanned between a and 17b, and a fastener 19 is rotatably attached to the support shaft 18. Then, the tightening tool 19 is rotated so that the rotary tightening portion 19a is located between the tightening protrusions 14a and 14b and the rotary tightening portion 19a is rotated. By tightening the tightening protrusions 14a and 14b from above by the action of a screw part (not shown) incorporated in the part 19a,
Due to this tightening, the crushed material charging section 2 is coaxially fixed and connected onto the crushing processing section 3.

Fixed cutters 21a to 21e are fixed to the inner wall 20 of the crushing chamber 12 of the crushing processing unit 3 by mounting screws, and a discharge unit 4 which will be described in detail later is defined at the bottom of the crushing chamber 12. Further, a grain size adjusting plate 22 having a plurality of elongated falling holes 22a formed radially from the center is disposed.

A vertical rotary shaft 23 into which a key 23a is driven extends out at a substantially central portion of the crushing chamber 12 defined by the particle size adjusting plate 22 so that cutters for crushing plastic pieces can be attached. It has become. That is, as shown in the diffusion development view of FIG. 3, the pre-cutter 24, the rotary cutter 25, and the end cutter 26 are tightened and fixed to the vertical rotary shaft 23 by bolts 27 in this order from above.

First, the pre-cutter 24 is formed of an elongated plate-like body, and a bolt hole 24a is bored in a substantially central portion of the pre-cutter 24, and both end portions in the longitudinal direction are bent upward. The vertical rotation shaft 23 is rotated to rotate, and the plastic pieces that are inserted through the inlet 8 and fall through the guide plates 11a and 11b are roughly crushed.

The body of the rotary cutter 25 has a rhombic shape with an overall thickness, and an insertion hole 25a through which the vertical rotary shaft 23 is inserted is formed at the center of the rhombus. In addition, the crushing blades 2 are provided on the side surfaces at both ends of the rhombus in the longitudinal direction.
5b and 25c are fixed by bolts 25d so that their mounting positions can be finely adjusted. This crushing blade 25b, 25
By engaging the c portion with the fixed cutters 21a to 21e, the plastic pieces coarsely crushed by the pre-cutter 24 are crushed in earnest.

The end cutter 26 is an elongated plate-like body, and an insertion hole 26a for the vertical rotary shaft 23 is formed in the center thereof. Further, blade portions 26b and 26c acting in the rotation direction are formed on the side surfaces in the width direction of this elongated plate-like body, and by rotation, the grain size is provided below the blade portions with a gap of about 2 mm. The plastic pieces are crushed in cooperation with the adjusting plate 22. In this case, first, coarse crushing is performed by the pre-cutter 24, and then full-scale crushing is performed by the rotary cutter 25 and the fixed cutters 21a to 21e as described above. An attempt is made to fall into the discharge chamber 28 through the plurality of drop holes 22a formed in the particle size adjusting plate 22 located below, but at the time of this drop, the end cutter 26 and the particle size adjusting plate 22 work together to crush the particles to a predetermined level. It is crushed into particles of the size and discharged.

The end cutter 26 and the grain size adjusting plate 22
The structure in which crushing is performed by and the crushed product is discharged downward shows the excellent originality of the present application. That is, according to the present application, a crushed material is discharged from an inner tank (a portion usually called a screen or a punching metal plate) that is provided with a large number of discharge holes forming the peripheral surface of the crushing chamber, and the size of the discharge holes is large or small. As long as the conventional structure (see FIG. 5) that determines the particle size, that is, the size of the granular material of the pulverized product is adopted, it is difficult to eliminate the crushing leakage discharge of the pulverized product and the occurrence of clogging of the inner tank part. In view of this, the crushed material is discharged downward, and at the time of discharging downward, the end cutter 26 and the particle size adjusting plate 22 in which a plurality of radially elongated falling holes 22a to 22a are formed.
By performing the crushing in cooperation with the crushing, the crushing is not discharged as leakage, and the crushing is performed by changing the widths of the elongated drop holes 22a to 22a, that is, the widths of the holes orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the holes. It was confirmed by many trials and experiments that the particle size of the crushed and discharged particles, that is, the size of the particles can be arbitrarily determined. That is, in a trial manufacture or experiment in which the drop holes formed in the particle size adjusting plate 22 are round holes or square holes, the crushed product is not smoothly dropped from the hole, and the crushed product melts due to heat generation. As a result of trial and error, as described above, the problem is solved by making the falling holes radial long holes.

Further, FIG. 4A is a sectional view of the drop hole 22a formed in the grain size adjusting plate 22 shown in FIG. 4A taken along the line a--a. As shown in FIG. In the edge portions 22b and 22c of the hole upper surface, the edge edge 2 where the end cutter 26 rotating on the hole 22a upper surface reaches first
The edge portion 2b is obliquely cut. That is, it is possible to pulverize without this cut portion without any problem, but it has been confirmed by trial production and experiments that diagonally cutting this portion improves catching of the pulverized object and improves pulverization efficiency. .

As shown in the sectional view of FIG.
The crushed material that has fallen into the discharge chamber 28 through the plurality of falling holes 22a of the particle size adjusting plate 22 is guided to the discharge guide path 30 by the discharge rotary blade 29 and discharged. That is,
In the discharge part 4, a connection member 31 is arranged at a substantially central portion of a discharge chamber 28 inside a cylindrical tank body, and connects the vertical rotation shaft 23 above and the motor rotation shaft 32 below. .
In addition, the central portion of the discharging rotary blade 29 surrounds the connecting member 31 and this portion is fixed by the bolt 29a and extends radially by the arms 29b and 29c. Wing-shaped members 29d and 29e which are vertically positioned and orthogonal to each other are attached to the inner wall 28a. 33a is a bearing that supports the rotation of the connecting member 31, and 33b is a bearing receiver.

The drive unit 5 has a built-in drive motor (not shown), and a rotary shaft 32 (see FIG. 2) of the drive motor is connected to the vertical rotary shaft 23 via the connecting member 31. Then, the pre-cutter 24, the rotary cutter 25, and the end cutter 26 are rotated by the drive of the drive unit 5 to crush the plastic pieces as described above. Reference numeral 5a shown in FIG. 1 is a power switch section having buttons for starting and stopping the apparatus, and 5b is a power line.

The base 6 has a shape in which the tank body is erected on a wide plate-shaped member 6a in order to maintain the stability of the entire apparatus. Further, foot portions 6b to 6e having rollers are attached to the four corners of the plate-shaped member 6a so that they can be easily moved.

In the bottom discharge type crusher 1 constructed as described above, first, the device start button of the power switch 5a is pushed, and the motor (not shown) is rotated to start the device. By this start, the vertical rotation shaft 2 is connected through the connecting member 31.
3 rotates. By the rotation of the vertical rotary shaft 23, the pre-cutter 24, the rotary cutter 25, and the end cutter 26 are rotated, and preparation for crushing is completed. In such a state, when a plastic piece as an object to be pulverized is introduced from the introduction port 8, the plastic piece passes through the guide plates 11a and 11b and falls, and first, the pre-cutter 24 coarsely pulverizes the plastic piece. The plastic pieces that have undergone this coarse crushing are introduced into the crushing chamber 12 and crushed by the meshing of the fixed cutters 21a to 21e and the rotary cutter 25.

The crushed plastic pieces are
It passes through a plurality of drop ports 22a formed in the particle size adjusting plate 22 defining the bottom of the crushing chamber 12 and falls into the discharge chamber 28.
When falling from these drop holes 22a to
And the final grinding is performed in cooperation with the rotating end cutter 26. By this crushing, the crushed material is crushed into granular particles having a size corresponding to the width of the drop holes 22a formed in the particle size adjusting plate 22 and drops into the discharge chamber 28 below.

The crushed material that has fallen into the discharge chamber 28 is guided to the discharge guide path 30 by the rotation of the discharge rotary blade 29 and discharged to the outside.

[0027]

As described above, according to the present invention, in addition to the crushing by the pre-cutter and the crushing by the rotating cutter, the end cutter and the falling hole edge of the grain size adjusting plate having a plurality of falling holes form a so-called sliding blade. By crushing by the effect, it is possible to crush into a granular material of a predetermined size regardless of the shape of the crushed object to be thrown in, and the charged crushed object is discharged without crushing leakage. It will not be done. Therefore, the object to be crushed does not cause clogging at the discharge hole, so there is no need to stop the device for removing the clogging, and it is possible to crush plastic pieces and the like extremely efficiently. Can be realized. Further, by adopting a configuration in which the crushed material is discharged by the rotation of the discharge rotary vanes arranged in the discharge chamber, the crushed material can be discharged smoothly without being stagnant in the discharge chamber.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of a bottom discharge type crusher according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of a main part.

FIG. 3 is a diffusion development view showing a configuration of a crushing processing unit.

4 is a drawing from above of FIG. 4 showing a plurality of drop holes 1 formed in the particle size adjusting plate, and FIG. 4A is a sectional view taken along the line aa of FIG. .

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an external appearance of a main part of a vertical crusher in a conventional example.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 ... Bottom discharge type crusher 2 ... Ground object input part 3 ... Crushing processing part 4 ... Ejection part 5 ... Drive part 6 ... Base part 8 ... Input port 11a / guide plate 11b / guide plate 12 / grinding chamber 21a-21e / fixed cutter 22 / granularity adjusting plate 22a // falling port 23 / vertical rotary shaft 24 / pre-cutter 25 / rotary cutter 25b / 25c / grinding Blade 26 ··· End cutter 28 ·· Discharge chamber 29 ·· Discharge rotary blade 30 · · Discharge guide path 32 · · Motor rotation shaft

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A crushing chamber for forming a cylindrical space around a vertical rotation axis for crushing an object to be crushed introduced from an input port, and a pulverized product pulverized in the crushing chamber to be a granular body. A tank body that defines a discharge chamber for discharging and discharges the crushed material from the discharge chamber to the outside, and the vertical rotation shaft is provided in a state of penetrating substantially in the center, A grain size adjusting plate that forms a plurality of slender falling ports that fall to partition the crushing chamber and the discharge chamber, a fixed cutter provided on the crushing chamber inner wall of the tank body, and coaxially with the vertical rotation axis. A rotary cutter which is provided in a radial direction and crushes an object to be crushed introduced into the crushing chamber by meshing with the fixed cutter, and below the rotary cutter, coaxially with the vertical rotary shaft. Located in the radial direction, front Bottom-emptying pulverizer characterized by comprising an end cutter for milling the grain size adjusting plate and cooperate to material to be ground at a given particle size which rotates simultaneously with the rotation of the rotating cutter located below. 2. A pre-cutter for roughly crushing an input object to be crushed is provided on the upper part of the rotary cutter, and a vane-shaped body fixed to the vertical rotary shaft is provided in the discharge chamber. The bottom discharge type crusher according to claim 1, wherein the crushed material falling from the drop opening of the particle size adjusting plate is discharged from the discharge opening by the rotation of the blade.