JPH0781518B2 - Tunnel lining method and device - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a tunnel lining method and apparatus.

[Prior Art] Conventionally, the NATM method has been widely used in tunnel construction. In this construction method, after the tunnel is excavated, the primary lining is performed with rock bolts and shotcrete. By this, the ground and the support are brought into close contact with each other, and the restraint force of the support to the ground is increased, and the support is effective. To act on. Then, after the shotcrete construction of the primary lining, concrete was further wound and the secondary lining was performed to form a double structure.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, such shotcrete causes a lot of dust generation and rebound to deteriorate the working environment in the mine. There was a problem of poor adhesion to the ground.

Moreover, according to the NATM method, since two lining operations, that is, a primary lining by spraying concrete and a secondary lining with post-casting, are required, there is a problem that the construction period becomes long and the cost becomes high. there were.

The present invention was made in order to solve the problems of the above-mentioned conventional techniques, and its purpose is to maintain a good underground working environment and to perform lining regardless of the geology of the ground. (EN) A tunnel lining method and apparatus that can complete the lining work by shortening the construction period and cost.

[Means for Solving Problems] In short, the tunnel lining method according to the present invention includes a step of installing a plurality of divided formworks while maintaining a gap corresponding to the lining thickness between the excavated ground surface. A step of placing concrete between the excavated ground surface and the formwork, a step of pressurizing the concrete in the excavated ground surface direction via the formwork by a pressurizing means, and from the formwork Curing the concrete by removing the pressurizing means and allowing the mold to stand on its own;
The tunnel lining apparatus according to the present invention is the tunnel lining apparatus used in the tunnel lining method according to claim 2, wherein the mold is detachably supported at the tip. It is characterized by including lateral expansion and contraction support means that expands and contracts in one direction and in the opposite direction, and upward expansion and contraction support means that detachably supports the mold at its tip and operates to expand and contract in the upward direction.

[Operation] According to the tunnel lining method according to the present invention, the formwork is installed between the excavated ground surface and the lining thickness, and concrete is placed in the space. By doing so, it is possible to prevent the concrete from bouncing, falling, or generating dust by the formwork, and to maintain a good underground working environment.

Then, when the placing of the concrete is completed, the concrete is pressed through the formwork. By doing so, the fresh concrete can be dehydrated to improve the quality. Moreover, even if the ground is a spring or a sandy mountain, or the ground surface has irregularities, the concrete can be adhered to the ground surface by applying pressure.

In this way, when the placing and pressing of concrete is completed, the pressurizing means is removed from the formwork, and the formwork is allowed to stand on its own to cure the concrete until a predetermined strength is achieved, thus completing the tunnel lining work. . As described above, this tunnel lining method completes the lining work once.

Further, according to the tunnel lining apparatus of the present invention, a mold which is divided into a pair of molds corresponding to the side surfaces of the excavated ground surface and a mold corresponding to the upper surface is used. Then, the side expansion / contraction supporting means presses the mold in the direction of the facing side surface portion, and the upper expansion / contraction supporting means presses the mold in the upper surface portion direction.

Here, since the lateral expansion and contraction support means are extended in the opposite side surface direction of the excavated ground, the reaction due to the pressure also acts in the opposite direction, and the reaction is absorbed by each other,
It becomes possible to reliably pressurize the concrete placed on the side surface.

EXAMPLES Examples of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a tunnel lining device according to an embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a rear view thereof. Further, FIG. 3 is a side view showing a lining method using this tunnel lining device, FIG. 4 is a rear view thereof, and FIG. 5 is a plan view thereof.

In these drawings, a self-propelled carriage 1 is a vehicle that can move at least in the width direction of the excavated tunnel, and has a cargo bed 2 formed long in the straight traveling direction of the self-propelled carriage 1.

A turntable 3 is installed on the platform 2, and hydraulic jacks 4, 5, 6, 7 are provided on the turntable 3. Further, each hydraulic jack has a piston rod 8 having the same sign.

Specifically, a pair of hydraulic jacks 5 are horizontally provided on the turntable 3 with a predetermined space therebetween, and the pair of hydraulic jacks 5 are located in parallel with each other. Also,
The hydraulic jack 5 is composed of a double rod cylinder in which a piston rod 8 extends and contracts from both ends.

The hydraulic jacks 6 are provided near the ends of the hydraulic jacks 5 so as to be oriented in the vertical direction. More specifically, two hydraulic jacks 6 are provided near the ends of each hydraulic jack 5. Therefore, a total of eight hydraulic jacks 6 are provided. The hydraulic jack 6 is composed of a single rod cylinder that expands and contracts only in the downward direction, and functions as an outrigger.

That is, as shown in FIG. 4, one hydraulic jack 6
When the hydraulic jack 6 is located on the side of the cargo bed 2, the other hydraulic jack 6 avoids the cargo bed 2 and extends the piston rod 8 to contact the ground to function as an outrigger.

Therefore, the hydraulic jacks 6 provided on the one hydraulic jack 5 and the hydraulic jacks 6 provided on the other hydraulic jack 5 are located at equal distances from the peripheral end of the turntable 3 and are in balance with each other. It is like this.

At the upper end of this hydraulic jack 6, a pair of hydraulic jacks 4
Are provided in parallel with the pair of hydraulic jacks 5. The hydraulic jack 4 is composed of both rod cylinders.

A hydraulic jack 7 is provided between the hydraulic jack 6 provided on one hydraulic jack 5 and the hydraulic jack 6 provided on the other hydraulic jack 5 in parallel with the hydraulic jack 6. The jacks 7 are a pair that face each other at a position where they can be balanced at an equal distance from the peripheral edge of the turntable 3. The hydraulic jack 7 is composed of a single rod cylinder that expands and contracts only in the upward direction.

Each of the hydraulic jacks 4, 5, 6, 7 described above may be connected to the hydraulic pump 11 by the hydraulic hose 12 and can be operated by operating the operation panel 10. The hydraulic pump 11 and the operation panel 10 are also installed on the platform 2.

A form fitting jig 9 is provided at the tip of the piston rod 8 of each of the hydraulic jacks 4, 5 and 7 so that the upper form 13 and the side form 14 can be attached.

The present embodiment is configured as described above, and its operation and the tunnel lining method to which the present invention is applied will be described below.

First, as shown in FIG. 1, the hydraulic jacks 4 and 5 are moved so that the axes of the hydraulic jacks 4 and 5 are oriented in the straight traveling direction of the self-propelled carriage 1 and the formwork is to be installed. By arranging the hydraulic jacks 4 and 5 in this way, there is nothing that protrudes to the side of the luggage carrier 2, which does not hinder the movement.

Then, after moving to a predetermined place, as shown in FIG. 3 or 4, the turntable 3 is rotated to rotate the hydraulic jacks 4, 5 by 90 degrees. Then, the hydraulic jack 6 projects to the side of the luggage carrier 2, so that the piston rod 8 can be extended and grounded to use this as an outrigger to stabilize the device.

Next, since the mold mounting jigs 9 are provided at the end portions of the hydraulic jacks 4, 5, 7, the molds 13, 14 are mounted via the mold mounting jigs 9. It is also possible to move the self-propelled carriage 1 with the molds 13 and 14 attached in advance and stop it at a predetermined position, and then stabilize the hydraulic jack 6. In this way, the self-propelled carriage 1 can carry the mold north 13 and 14.

Further, since the formwork is divided into the formwork 13 and 14, it is easy to carry.

And the hydraulic jack 4 to which the formwork 13 and 14 are attached,
The piston rod 8 of No. 5 is extended, and the molds 13 and 14 are arranged at positions where a gap corresponding to the lining thickness is provided between the piston rod 8 and the ground excavation surface. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, at the joint between the mold 13 and the mold 14, an obtuse-angle taper is formed at the inner end of the mold 14, and an acute-angle taper is formed at the inner end of the mold 13. Therefore, the work is performed in a procedure in which the mold 14 is first arranged at a predetermined position and then the mold 13 is joined to the mold 14.

Next, a green concrete truck and a concrete pump (not shown) are installed near these forms 13 and 14, and the space between the concrete inlet (not shown) formed in the forms 13 and 14 and the excavated ground surface. Pour fresh concrete into.

Then, when the filling of the concrete is completed, the hydraulic jacks 4, 5 and 7 are actuated again to extend the piston rods 8 and move the formwork 13 and 14 in the direction of the ground surface to pressurize the filled concrete. . This pressurization is performed with a predetermined force for a predetermined time. By doing so, the fresh concrete can be dehydrated and the quality can be improved. In particular, it is possible to fill the gap because the concrete can be pressurized and filled even in the crown portion or the uneven portion where the ground surface has a large curvature.

Further, since the hydraulic jacks 4 and 5 are composed of both rod cylinders, the reaction due to the pressurization of one piston rod 8 can be supported by the other piston rod 8. Therefore, it is possible to reliably pressurize the self-propelled carriage 1 while stabilizing it.

Similarly, since the reaction due to the pressurization of the hydraulic jack 7 can be supported by the hydraulic jack 6, an excessive load is not applied to the self-propelled carriage 1.

In this way, when the pressurization of the concrete is completed, the joints (not shown) provided on the molds 13 and 14 are fixed with bolts to connect the molds 13 and 14 and form 14 A camber 15 at the lower end holds the entire formwork 13, 14.

Then, the integrated molds 13 and 14 can be self-supporting. Therefore, the molds 13 and 14 can be detached from the mold mounting jigs 9 of the hydraulic jacks 4, 5 and 7 to be self-supporting. it can. Therefore, it is possible to omit the support work of the formwork 13, 14.

Next, the piston rod 8 of the hydraulic jacks 4, 5, 6, 7
, And turn the turntable 3 90 degrees again to direct the hydraulic jacks 4 and 5 toward the straight traveling direction of the self-propelled carriage 1 to facilitate traveling in a narrow tunnel pit. Then, in this state, the self-propelled carriage 1 is moved to a retreat position away from the face,
Continue the work thereafter.

Then, when the lining concrete exhibits a predetermined strength as the excavation further progresses, the next lining work is performed.

First, the self-propelled carriage 1 is moved again to the positions of the molds 13 and 14 of the concrete portion where the strength is expressed, and the turntable 3
Rotate 90 degrees to position the hydraulic junkies 4 and 6 at right angles to the straight traveling direction of the self-propelled carriage 1.

Next, the piston rod 8 of the hydraulic jack 6 is extended to stabilize the device as an outrigger, and the piston rods 8 of the hydraulic jacks 4, 5 and 7 are extended to attach the molds 13 and 14 via the form fitting jig 9. .

Then, first, the piston rod 8 of the hydraulic jack 7 is contracted to draw the mold 13, and then the camber 15 is loosened and the piston rod 8 of the hydraulic jacks 4 and 5 is contracted to draw the mold 14.

In this way, the molds 13 and 14 are placed on the platform 2. Therefore, the piston rod 8 as an outrigger is contracted, and the self-propelled carriage 1 supports the entire load of the molds 13 and 14, and The self-propelled carriage 1 is moved to the front excavated ground surface. Then, the lining work is performed by the same work as described above.

The tunnel lining method according to the present invention repeats the above steps to perform lining.

[Effects of the Invention] According to the tunnel lining method of the present invention, concrete is placed between the excavated ground surface and the form, so there is no rebound, drop, or dust generation in shotcrete, The underground environment can be maintained well. Along with this, the ventilation equipment in the mine can be simplified and the work can be rationalized.

Further, since the lining work can be completed once, it is possible to reduce the construction period and cost.

Furthermore, in the present invention, since the concrete is pressed, the fresh concrete can be dehydrated to improve the quality, and the concrete can be brought into close contact with the ground surface regardless of the geology of the ground and the unevenness of the ground surface. it can.

Further, according to the tunnel lining device of the present invention, the lateral expansion and contraction support means are extended toward the opposite side surface portions of the excavated ground, so that the reaction due to the pressure is mutually absorbed and the side surface portions are struck. The installed concrete can be reliably pressurized.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a tunnel lining device according to an embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a rear view thereof. Further, FIG. 3 is a side view showing a lining method using this tunnel lining device, FIG. 4 is a rear view thereof, and FIG. 5 is a plan view thereof. 4, 5 ... Hydraulic jack (pressurizing means, lateral expansion / contraction supporting means) 7 ... Hydraulic jack (pressurizing means, upward expanding / contracting supporting means) 13, 14 ... Formwork

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A step of installing a plurality of divided formworks while maintaining a gap of a lining thickness between the excavated ground surface and concrete, and placing concrete between the excavated ground surface and the formwork. The step of installing, the step of pressurizing the concrete in the direction of the excavated ground surface via the formwork by a pressurizing means, removing the pressurizing means from the formwork and allowing the formwork to stand on its own. A method of lining a tunnel, including a curing step. 2. A lining thickness between a step of installing a pair of molds with a gap corresponding to the lining thickness between the side surfaces of the excavated ground facing each other and an upper surface portion of the digging ground. The step of installing the formwork while maintaining the gap between them, the step of placing the concrete between the excavated ground surface and each of the formwork, and the excavation of the concrete through the formwork by a pressing means. A tunnel lining method comprising: a step of applying pressure in the direction of the natural ground surface; and a step of removing the pressing means from the formwork and allowing the formwork to stand on its own to cure the concrete. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a step of curing the concrete by pressing the concrete for a predetermined time and then stopping the pressing, connecting the molds to each other and allowing them to stand by themselves. Characteristic tunnel lining method. 4. A tunnel lining device for use in the tunnel lining method according to claim 2, further comprising lateral expansion and contraction support means for detachably supporting a formwork at a tip end thereof and expanding and contracting in lateral and opposite directions. A tunnel lining device, comprising: a top end extension support means that detachably supports a formwork at its tip and that extends and contracts in an upward direction. 5. A lateral hydraulic jack for detachably supporting a mold on the tip of a piston rod and for expanding and contracting laterally, and
The upper hydraulic jack that detachably supports the form at the tip of the piston rod and expands and contracts upwards, with the self-propelled carriage installed on the turntable on the loading platform, with the side hydraulic jacks parallel to the traveling direction. A step of moving the turntable by 90 degrees to orient the lateral hydraulic jack in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the tunnel; a step of moving the lateral hydraulic jack and an upward hydraulic pressure; Attaching a form to the tip of the piston rod of the jack, extending these piston rods, and installing the form with a gap of the lining thickness between the excavation and the excavation ground, Concrete is placed between the mold and each of the molds, and the concrete is applied in the direction of the excavated ground surface through the molds by the side hydraulic jack and the upper hydraulic jack. And a step of stopping the pressurization after pressing the concrete for a predetermined time, connecting the molds to each other, removing the piston rod from the molds, and allowing the molds to stand on their own to cure the concrete. And contracting all the piston rods, rotating the turntable 90 degrees to direct the side hydraulic jacks parallel to the traveling direction, and making it easier to travel in the tunnel. Tunnel lining method.