JPH0783841B2 - Equipment for crushing objects - Google Patents

Abstract

An apparatus for reducing materials comprising knives (3) which are mounted helically about two horizontal and parallel shafts (2). The knives (3) which have two U-shaped blades (8) cooperate with fixed knives (6) which are arranged in the area between the two shafts (2). When the materials to be reduced are introduced from the upperside of the apparatus (1) a reduction of the materials is performed by cooperating knives (3 and 6). The shafts (2) are arranged in such a way that they rotate backwards and forwards partly to ensure a reduction and partly to ensure a redistribution of the material fed to the apparatus. In the apparatus an even material feed is achieved minimizing the energy demand for operating the apparatus.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a device for crushing objects such as organic waste and extremely bulky waste such as refrigerators, tires, furniture, stumps, and demolition wood. , The device has 2
U which are provided on a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the substantially parallel horizontal axis of the book and which are evenly arranged around the axis along the axis
A crushing means consisting of a V-shaped knife is provided, and the shaft is
It is driven by a motor that can drive them in opposite directions, and is located at a mutual distance of slightly more than twice the distance between the radially outer tip of the knife and the axis of rotation, the object being above the knife. When the shaft is rotated in the opposite direction, it is supplied to the knife from the inlet provided in
The knife cooperates with a fixed knife, which is fixed to a part of the frame of the shredding device between two horizontal axes to shred the object. For this reason, the cutting edges of the blades are adapted to move towards each other and above the fixed knife.

Crushing of objects is desired in various situations. Industrial use of valuable raw materials, such as wood, results in large amounts of unwanted wood waste, including roots. Waste material poses a major disposal problem to producers. It is also desirable to reduce the volume of household waste to minimize the storage capacity required. Reducing the volume is also desirable in terms of transportation.
Furthermore, it is often desirable to shred these objects before burning, composting or recycling the waste.

A device of the above type is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,845,907, in which a knife mounted on one shaft cooperates with a knife on the other shaft. In addition, this patent discloses a reversal capability that depends on the time or torque of the motor. However, such reversal cannot be performed on one axis independently of the other.

EP-A-174,148 discloses another device in which the knife cooperates with a knife fixedly mounted on the frame. However, the shaft is not structured to rotate at individual rotation speeds and rotation sequences. The capabilities of such devices are limited.

Swedish Patent Publication No. 437,477 discloses a device of the above type. However, this device does not have a U-shaped knife. This device is based on European Patent Application Publication No.
It has the same drawbacks as the 174,148 device. This device is considered the most relevant prior art. However, the user cannot be sure if the object will pass through the device and will be crushed.

Therefore, the problem of effective and economical shredding of objects has not been fully solved.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a device that alleviates this problem and is able to effectively and economically crush objects of heterogeneous composition such as organic waste or of very bulky waste. Is to provide.

The invention consists of a crusher consisting of a plurality of U-shaped knives (rotating knives), which are arranged on a plane perpendicular to the axes of rotation of two substantially parallel horizontal axes and are then evenly arranged around the axes. Have means. The two horizontal shafts are drivable in opposite directions by a motor, and the rotary knives mounted on the shafts are smaller than twice the distance between the radially outer tip and the rotary axis. Are placed at wide mutual distances. Then, objects such as waste are supplied to the rotary knife through an inlet provided above the knife,
Upon rotation of the shaft, a rotating knife cooperates with a fixed knife that is fixed to a part of the frame of the shredder at a position between the two shafts to shred the object. Further, the mutual distance between the two shafts is constant, and the driving means is arranged between the motor and the shaft, and the driving means is provided with a suitable gear corresponding to each of the two shafts. , A hydraulic motor with adjustable rotation speed for operating each axis, an adjustable pump for supplying each hydraulic motor, and a hydraulic motor for individually rotating each axis in forward and reverse directions according to a predetermined sequence. And a gear provided between the pump and the motor that operates them, which can reverse the flow through the pump.

The rotating knife crushes and conveys objects contained in the feed vents of the frame of the device in the form of cutting. The arrangement of the knives ensures that the objects are conveyed uniformly, without the risk of occasional large amounts of objects being fed between the rotating and stationary knives. In order to ensure that the objects are thus transported uniformly and thus crushed uniformly, knives are arranged randomly or in a spiral around the two axes. As the cutting blades move closer to each other on the upper side of the frame, they carry the crushed objects in cooperation with the edges of the cutting blade and the fixed knife.
In this way, the knife can carry the object effectively and, in a suitable embodiment of the knife, the quantity of the supplied object can be adjusted according to the capacity of the actuating means and the permissible load of the knife.

In order to avoid the situation where the knife only cuts the object and does not carry it further, the actuating means of the device can rotate the shaft individually at regular time intervals in the opposite direction of the cutting movement of the knife. Is configured.
This separate forward and reverse rotation of the shaft is carried out according to a predetermined sequence which depends on the object to be crushed. Such rotation may begin after measuring the load on the knife.

As an example of a possible sequence, the knife is rotated 14 times in the cutting movement direction and then 1 rotation in the reverse direction, and the knife is rotated 10 times in the cutting movement direction and then 4 times in the reverse direction. It should be noted, however, that any combination of forward and reverse rotations is possible, but minimizing reverse rotation allows the device to be used most effectively.

"Forward and reverse rotation" means rotation in the direction of the cutting movement of the knife and rotation in the opposite direction, respectively.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, each knife has two consecutively arranged U-shaped blades, the two blades being radially outside when viewed in the rotational direction of the cutting movement of the knife. The front portion of the is configured as a substantially tangential wedge, the distance between the axis of rotation and the wedge of the front blade is shorter than the distance between the axis of rotation and the wedge of the rear blade, and It is characterized in that the radial outer shape substantially corresponds to a part of the vortex winding around the rotation axis.

With such a construction of the knife and the U-shape of the two consecutive blades, it is not "overloaded" into the device, thus preventing overloading of the device. Each of the two U-shaped knives can carry and crush an amount of objects determined by the opening of the U-shaped cutting blade. The front portion of the cutting blade is also wedge shaped so that objects such as waste can cause an initial tear before the cutting movement of the knife is initiated.

In this way, only a uniform load is applied,
The life of the device is increased and the energy requirements are reduced. Further, since the two wedges of the cutting blade are provided at different radii, the object is more effectively crushed for each rotation of the shaft than the blade having the same distance from the rotation axis to the tip wedge. Will be able to.
The efficiency of the knife is increased because the objects are cleaned and repositioned when the shaft rotates in reverse. Since the rear blade has a spiral outer shape and can be ribbed, the rearrangement of the object in the apparatus is very effectively performed. With this shape, it is possible to eliminate the "wrapping" of the object that occurs when the outer shape is smooth and circular around the rotation axis.

(Brief Description of the Drawings) Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a device according to the present invention.

2 is a side view of a knife forming part of the apparatus of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the knife taken along the plane III-III of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the knife taken along the plane IV-IV of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operating means of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing three possible actuation sequences of the shaft of the device.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION FIG. 1 is a top plan view of an apparatus according to the present invention.
The device 1 has two parallel horizontal axes 2. Axis 2
A knife (rotary knife) 3 is provided in the. Knife 3
Are mounted on the shaft 2 by means of fixed flanges 4 so that each rotates on a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation 5.
The knife 3 will be described in more detail later, but the knife 3
Is a transverse beam 7 which forms part of the frame 1 of the device.
Cooperating with a lower fixed knife 6 which is fixed to the. The knife 6 is disposed between the two shafts, and the rotary knife 3 is rotated from the upper side through the fixed knife 6 so that the object is crushed. Thus, crushing of the object is carried out between the two shafts 2 and in the upper part of the fixed knife 6.

In order to be able to crush the body effectively and economically, the rotary knife 3 is arranged spirally along each of the two axes 2. When the shafts rotate in both forward and reverse directions (opposite directions), when the knives 3 approach each other above the fixed knife 6, an object is drawn into the space and enters the shatter zone. Due to the spiral arrangement of the knives 3, this object feed takes place at an appropriate speed. This evenly distributes the load on the device and does not require a high effective capacity to handle large instantaneous overloads.

The knife is configured as described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 2-4 to provide effective crushing and uniform distribution of the object. Each knife 3 has two consecutively arranged generally U-shaped knife blades 8. On the radially outer front part 9 of the two blades when viewed in the direction of rotation 10 of the cutting movement of the knife 3, a wedge 12 is provided which is substantially tangentially oriented. This wedge shape facilitates knife penetration and initial fracture of the object.
Furthermore, each of the two blades 8 is provided with an edge 11 for rotation along the inside of the U-shaped blade. The distance from the rotation axis 5 to the wedge 12 of the front blade when viewed in the rotation direction is shorter than the distance from the rotation axis 5 to the wedge 12 of the rear blade. This allows each of the two blades 8 to contribute to the crushing of the object while at the same time evenly distributing the load when the crushing process is performed in two independent operations performed by each of the two blades 8. Can be made. In addition to the helical arrangement of the knife 3, this is also effective in reducing the power to operate the device.

The radial contour 13 forming the outer contour of the rear blade is
Along the vortex winding centering on the rotation axis 5, a wedge is provided at the radially outermost portion. This minimizes the risk of the interior being pressed against the contour 13. In the rear part 14 of the blade 3 when viewed in the direction of rotation
A V-shaped blade 15 is provided and is provided with an edge 16 which is capable of crushing when the shaft is rotated in the direction opposite to the direction 10 of the knife cutting movement. The blade 15, which is also provided with a wedge-shaped tip 17 in a reverse motion, which serves mainly to reposition the object lying between the two axes, is located inside the frame of the device 1 but outside the two axes. Objects located at can be crushed.

The outer shape 13 may be ribbed or smooth. Providing a ribbed outer surface provides good contact with the object and provides the force to destroy the object in conjunction with the cutting motion of the rotating knife and repositions the object between two horizontal axes, that is, its It is easy to move and can be crushed more finely with another rotating knife. Each knife is attached to the shaft 2 by bringing the stopper 18 into contact with the flange 4 and attaching it with bolts 19 (see FIG. 1). If the knife breaks, it can be easily replaced. Also, in addition to the arrangement shown, with nine knives attached to each shaft, the device can be readjusted to attach another number of knives to each shaft. The shaft 2 and the fixed knife 6 are mounted on a part of the device frame which constitutes an independent unit which can be easily removed from the rest of the device 1. For maintenance, the unit is ready for use by replacing only this unit.

FIG. 5 shows that each shaft 2 is operated via a suitable gear wheel 20 by means of individual actuating means in the form of a hydraulic motor 21 at an adjustable rotational speed. The hydraulic motor 21 has a gear 23
Adjustable pump 22 operated by engine 24 via
Supplied by The engine 24 can be a diesel powered engine or one or several electric motors. In the circuit that sends the hydraulic oil from the tank 25 to the hydraulic motor 21, the hydraulic switch 26 is inserted in front of each motor 21. This makes it possible to measure the overload applied to the knife 3, and by using this measurement value, the rotational speed of the shaft 2 can be adjusted by adjusting the capacity. The rotation speed can be adjusted in two steps, but continuous adjustment is also possible. By adjusting the pump 22, the flow direction of the hydraulic circuit flowing through each motor 21 can be reversed. In this way, each axis 2 can be rotated in the forward and reverse directions according to a predetermined sequence. This causes crushing by rotation in one direction and repositioning of the object in the opposite direction. The predetermined sequence is selected according to the object to be crushed. The motor also drives the pump 27 used for the auxiliary function of the device, but this is not necessary for an understanding of the invention and is therefore not described in detail here.

FIG. 6 shows three examples of sequences for each of the two axes 2. In each example sequence, the lower graph shows the rotation of the axis in direction 10 during the cutting movement of the knife, while the upper graph shows the opposite rotation. In the first example, the time lags t ₁ and t ₂ are 5 seconds and 20 seconds, respectively. In the second example, the time lags t ₃ and t ₄ are 5 seconds and 40 seconds, respectively. In the third example, the time lags t ₅ and t ₆ are 5 seconds and 40 seconds, respectively. In these three examples, no overlap is shown with respect to the period during which the two shafts rotate simultaneously in the opposite direction of the cutting movement of the knife, but such a situation is also possible.

An object is placed on top of the device shown in FIG. 1, which can crush waste such as refrigerators, tires, organic waste, furniture. During this process, the two shafts 2 rotate according to a predetermined sequence. If an abnormal condition occurs during crushing,
A worker can take over the operation of rotating the shaft.

According to the present invention, since the trajectories of the tips of the rotary knives do not overlap, conventionally, when the rotary knives bite into an object and crush it, the object is sandwiched between the overlapping parts of the pair of opposed rotary knives, and two horizontal axes are used. Can be prevented from rotating together. As a result, the rotary knife cannot crush the object and is in a bite state, thereby eliminating the loss time required to stop the work, and further eliminating the troublesome operation of rotating the two rotary knives in the opposite directions to separate them from the object. Further, the shape of the blade prevents the object from being excessively fed.

Therefore, the present invention allows the two horizontal axes to be driven independently,
Even if one of the rotary knives bites, the other rotary knife can be driven independently, which improves the working efficiency in addition to the above advantages.

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A device (1) for crushing objects such as organic waste, refrigerators, tires, furniture, stumps, and very bulky waste such as demolished wood, comprising two substantially parallel horizontal axes (2). ) Having a crushing means comprising a plurality of U-shaped knives (3) provided on a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation (5) and evenly arranged along the circumference of the two shafts. (2) can be driven by a motor (24) in directions opposite to each other, and the radially outer tip (9) of the knife (3) and the rotation axis (5).
Placed at a mutual distance of slightly more than twice the distance between, and said object is fed to said knife (3) through an inlet provided above said knife (3), upon rotation of said shaft. , The knife (3) cooperates with a fixed knife (6) fixed to a part (7) of the frame of the crusher at a position between the two shafts, so that the cutting edge (11) of each blade is The fixed knives (6) come close to each other, the mutual distance between the two shafts is constant, and the driving means (20, 21, 22, 23) is connected to the motor (24) and the shaft. The driving means is arranged between the two gears (2) and (2), and the rotation speed for operating the appropriate gears (20) corresponding to each of the two shafts (2) and each shaft (2) is adjusted. Possible hydraulic motors (21) and adjustable pumps (22) feeding each hydraulic motor (21),
The pump (22) and the motor (2) for operating the pump (22) which reverses the flow of the hydraulic motor (21) in order to individually rotate the shafts in the forward and reverse directions according to a predetermined sequence.
4) and a gear (23) provided between the device and the device. 2. The knife (3) has two blades (8) of substantially U-shape arranged in series, the knife (3)
The radially outer front part (9) of the two blades as seen in the direction of rotation (10) of the cutting movement of the blade is configured as a wedge (12) oriented substantially tangentially, the axis of rotation (5) To the wedge (12) of the front blade (8) is shorter than the distance from the rotation axis (5) to the wedge (12) of the rear blade (8), and the rear blade (8)
Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer peripheral contour line (13) substantially corresponds to a part of the spiral winding about the axis of rotation (5). 3. A rear blade (8) having a rear portion (14) provided with an inverted U-shaped edge (16) so that when the knife (3) rotates in the direction opposite to the cutting movement direction (10). The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the edge cooperates with fracture of the object. 4. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear blade (8) is provided with a ribbed outer surface. 5. 8 to 15 for a 3 meter long axis (2)
Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a knife, preferably 9-12, is used. 6. The shaft (2) and the fixed knife (6) form an independent unit which can be removed and / or replaced during maintenance and relocation.
Equipment. 7. The two shaft knives (3) are provided mutually displaced relative to each other such that the helix formed by the knives around the two shafts is intermediate between the two shafts. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is arranged substantially symmetrically about a vertical plane located at. 8. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive means (20, 21, 22, 23) are adapted to rotate the shaft (2) in accordance with individual rotational speeds and rotational sequences. 9. The hydraulic circuit has a pressure switch (26) for measuring the load exerted on the knife (3), the rotational speed of which is controlled stepwise according to a signal from the pressure switch (26). The device of claim 1 wherein: 10. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive means (20, 21, 22, 23) are arranged for manual intervention in a predetermined sequence.