JPH07915B2 - Sheet material for buildings with heat retention, moisture permeability and waterproofness - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a building sheet material having excellent heat retention, moisture permeability and waterproofness. More specifically, the present invention relates to a windbreak layer material provided for the purpose of moisture permeability, waterproofing, heat insulation, etc., in an outer wall ventilation construction method of a wooden house.

(Prior Art) A ventilation layer construction method is generally used as a structure for preventing dew condensation inside the wall of the outer wall. In this construction method, as shown in FIG. 1, a ventilation layer (an air layer having a width of about 20 mm provided between the heat insulating material and the exterior material) is provided between the heat insulating layer and the outer outer wall.

In the outer wall ventilation construction method, since the heat insulating material such as glass wool has a high air permeability, there is a great possibility that the heat insulating effect of the heat insulating material is reduced by the invasion of cold air passing through the air permeable layer to the heat insulating material side.
For this reason, it is general practice to provide a "windproof layer" between the heat insulating material and the ventilation layer, which makes it difficult for air to pass therethrough. As properties required for this windbreak layer, it is desired to prevent cold air from entering the heat insulating material side (windproof property) and to allow moisture leaking from the indoor side to pass through the ventilation layer (moisture permeability).

That is, the windbreak layer must be capable of preventing cold air from entering from the outdoor side and easily discharging water vapor from the indoor side. There are sheet-like and board-like materials used for the windbreak layer, the former being 17Kg of asphalt felt (construction paper), and the latter being used as a sheathing board or thin plywood.

Conventional board-like windbreak layer materials such as sheathing board and thin plywood are made by mixing wood and wood pulp fibers as a base material with thermosetting resin (phenol, melamine resin, etc.) or cement and molding. Since it is based on wood, the water content is high and the base material itself easily absorbs moisture, and since the thickness is 8 mm or more, the moisture release rate is slow and water easily stays inside the base material, causing mold. There are problems such as wood corrosion, workability (difficult to handle because of its large thickness), and high price. On the other hand, the sheet-shaped asphalt felt 17 kg product has sufficient windproofing and waterproofing, but has extremely low moisture permeability, so there is a high risk of deterioration of the heat insulating effect due to leakage of heat insulating material due to internal condensation and wood decay.

As a material for compensating for the above-mentioned drawbacks, recently, a polyethylene non-woven fabric, "Tyvek" (manufactured by Dyupon Co., Ltd.), has been attracting attention as an excellent waterproof / moisture permeable and air barrier property.
However, when it is considered as a ventilation structure windproof material,
Although it is good in waterproofing, in terms of heat insulation, the idea is to block cold air from entering from the ventilation layer side.
Further, since polyolefin is a raw material, it has a drawback that it is extremely flammable.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) From the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention seeks (1) moisture permeability, (1) moisture permeability, by pursuing ideal material characteristics as a windbreak material in an outer wall ventilation construction method. The present invention has been earnestly studied for the purpose of providing a windbreak material excellent in 2) heat insulation and heat insulation, (3) waterproofness, (4) operability (handlability), (5) economy (inexpensive), etc. It has been completed.

(Means for Solving Problems) In order to solve the above problems, the present inventor has prepared a sheet containing a base material and a thermoplastic polymer or copolymer obtained by mixing a fine metal powder dispersion. The present invention has been reached by focusing on the combination.

That is, the present invention is a building sheet having heat retention, moisture permeability, and waterproofness, which is obtained by applying a thermoplastic polymer or copolymer blending liquid mixed with a fine metal powder dispersion on the surface of a sheet as a base material. It is a material.

The most important role as a windbreak layer material in the exterior wall ventilation construction method of wooden houses is (1) moisture permeability (permits moisture leaking from the inside to pass through the ventilation layer), (2) heat retention / heat insulation ( Suppresses the movement of warm air layers to the ventilation layer side. Prevents cold air from entering the heat insulating material side.), (3) Water resistance (prevents water droplets from entering the heat insulating material side), (4) Operability. (Handlability),
(5) It is excellent in economic efficiency (inexpensive).

In order to achieve the above object of the present invention, the present invention provides:
For enforcement and economy, use sheet material for the base material,
The heat insulating and heat insulating properties are achieved by using a fine metal powder dispersion, and the waterproof properties are achieved by applying a thermoplastic polymer / copolymer blending liquid. The sheet material used as the base material in the present invention has moisture permeability, and when it is used (mainly,
It is desirable to have excellent strength and handleability (fixing work with a guntacker, etc.) (flexible and excellent in shape retention) and low cost. For example, non-woven fabric, cloth, synthetic resin film, paper, etc. are used. I can do things. Among them, the nonwoven fabric is most preferable in consideration of moisture permeability, price, strength, workability and the like. The material of the non-woven fabric may be either a cellulose type or a synthetic fiber type, but in consideration of durability, the cellulose type has a risk of corrosion decomposition, and a synthetic fiber type is preferable. As the synthetic fiber system, nylon, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene or the like is used. Among them, a polyester that is hydrophobic, has a small shrinkage due to moisture and heat, is excellent in weather resistance, is also excellent in shape retention (hard and has elasticity), and is less likely to be decomposed by corrosion due to long-term use is more preferable. The composition of the non-woven fabric may be either a short fiber type dry or wet non-woven fabric or a long fiber type such as spun bond, but a spun bond which is a long fiber type non-woven fabric is preferable from the viewpoint of strength. The weight of non-woven fabric is 30 ~
70g / m ² is suitable, and about 50g / m ² from the viewpoint of strength, price and workability.
Those of m ² are preferred. When it is less than 30 g / m ² , strength and workability are insufficient.

As the cloth, a woven or knitted cloth can be used, but it is inferior to the non-woven cloth in that (1) it is expensive, and (2) it does not have shape retention (hard and elastic). Since paper is made of cellulose as a raw material, it is not preferable in consideration of long-term use (10 years or more), because it is likely to cause corrosion decomposition. Since the synthetic resin film is required to have moisture permeability, it is desired that the film itself has moisture permeability or that it is formed into a porous layer by post-processing.
It is inferior to non-woven fabrics in terms of (1) high price, (2) low film strength due to porous formation, and (3) no shape retention (waist).

Regarding heat retention / heat insulation, by mixing and applying the fine metal powder dispersion liquid to the thermoplastic polymer / copolymer blend liquid, the heat insulation is maintained only by the conventional windproof function, and more active heat retention / heat insulation is achieved. It is possible to have a function.

That is, as the metal fine powder dispersion liquid used in the present invention,
Aluminum, nickel, silver, tin, which are heat-reflecting metals,
A dispersion liquid containing magnesium, chromium, etc. is used,
It is preferable to use aluminum, which has a small specific gravity and a high heat ray reflective effect. Further, as the solvent for the fine metal powder dispersion liquid, a solvent containing petroleum-based mineral spirits as a main component and solvent naphtha, xylene, toluene, isopropyl alcohol, etc., is appropriately used. The shape of the fine metal powder may be round, square or flat, and the particle diameter is preferably about 0.1 to 30 μm. The mixing ratio of the fine metal powder dispersion may be a thermoplastic polymer,
5 to 30 parts by weight is preferable with respect to 100 parts by weight of the copolymer.
More preferably, it is 10 to 20 parts by weight. When it is less than 5 parts by weight, the heat ray reflection effect is poor, and when it is 30 parts by weight or more, uniform dispersibility in the thermoplastic polymer and copolymer, the film strength becomes brittle, the fine metal powder falls off, the price becomes high, etc. Is not preferable. In the present invention, by applying a thermoplastic polymer mixed with a metal fine powder dispersion liquid, a copolymer blended liquid to the substrate, by suppressing the air permeability as a conventional heat insulation measure, In addition to the windproof function of preventing the infiltration of cold air into the heat insulating material side and the movement of the warm air layer inside the wall body to the outside of the wall body, by reflecting the radiant heat from the inside of the wall body, more effective heat retention and heat insulation It is possible to give a sex. The waterproof property can be imparted by applying a thermoplastic polymer / copolymer blending liquid. Examples of the thermoplastic polymer and copolymer in the present invention include polyacrylic acid type, polyurethane type, polyvinyl chloride type, polyvinylidene chloride type, polystyrene type, polyethylene terephthalate / isophthalate copolymer, polyamide type, etc. Alternatively, they can be used in combination or mixed.
Among them, polyacrylic acid and polyurethane type are particularly preferable, and the polyacrylic acid type polymer and copolymer are, for example, acrylic rubber such as ethyl acrylate and butyl acrylate, acrylic acid ester copolymer, and methacrylic acid ester. Examples thereof include copolymers, acrylonitrile, glycidyl methacrylic acid ester, and N-methylol acrylamide. Also, a polyurethane-based polymer,
As the copolymer, a polyurethane polymer having an orioxyethylene chain in the molecule is preferable. Such a polyurethane polymer having a polyoxyethylene chain is usually obtained by reacting a diisocyanate compound with a hydrophobic long-chain diol, polyoxyethylene glycol and its derivatives, and a low molecular weight active hydrogen compound (chain extender).
Since the polymer thus obtained has a polyoxyethylene chain, it is rich in hydrophilicity and excellent in moisture permeability. The polymer and copolymer blend liquid used in the present invention are usually those which are appropriately diluted and dispersed with a solvent and applied, and as the solvent, toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, dimethylformamide, etc. are used, but they are dried. Ethyl acetate is preferred in terms of speed and dilution dispersibility. It can be used as an aqueous dispersion (emulsion) solution of the polymer or copolymer, but in consideration of drying efficiency (drying temperature / time), strength of resin film, water resistance and long-term storage in the final product. However, if the resin film is not dried sufficiently, mold will be generated due to residual water during the formation of the resin film, and it is not preferable since it is necessary to add a fungicide or the like. The polymer compounding liquid used in the present invention can be applied by either a wet method or a dry method, but the dry method is preferable from the viewpoint of economy. As such a dry coating method, a roll coater,
A coating machine such as a knife coater, a reverse roll coater, or a gravure roll coater can be used, and a knife coater and a roll coater which are particularly uniform and can easily form a thin film are preferable. In addition, usually, such a polymer, a copolymer blending liquid, mainly in addition to toluene diisocyanate, methylene diisocyanate, polyisocyanates and this block isocyanate cross-linking agent and trimethylol melamine, melamine cross-linking agent such as hexamethylol melamine Added. This object is
It is to improve the adhesion of the copolymer to the base material and to improve the strength (wear resistance) and water resistance of the resulting coating film itself.

Furthermore, in order to further enhance waterproofness, it is preferable to apply a water repellent to the sheet obtained by applying the polymer blending liquid,
As the water repellent, fluorine, silicon, paraffin wax, zirconium, etc. can all be used. However, considering the case of printing a trademark or the like in order to enhance the advertising effect of the product, the fluorine type is more preferable. The coating amount of the polymer blended liquid on the substrate is preferably 15 to 40 g / m ² , and more preferably 20 to 30 g / m ² . Application amount is 15g / m ²
If it is less than 1, the windproof function and waterproofness of the windbreak material are deteriorated. This is because when the coating amount is small, non-woven fabric with large voids (large air permeability) cannot completely block the air, and the warm air layer from the inside of the wall gets wet to the ventilation layer side, and Poor heat insulation and heat insulation due to cold air infiltration into the heat insulating material side. Similarly, with respect to waterproofness, a coating amount of 15 g / m ² or more is desirable in order for the resin to fill voids between fibers such as a non-woven fabric and exhibit barrier properties against water droplets. However, when the coating amount exceeds 40 g / m ² , moisture permeability is lowered and cost is increased, which is not preferable.

(Examples) Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the Examples.

Example 1 100 parts by weight of polyacrylate resin, 2 parts by weight of polyisocyanate crosslinking agent (NCO content 13%), ethyl acetate 25
10 parts by weight of aluminum paste (metal content 65%, average particle size 7 μm), which is a fine metal powder dispersion, was added to prepare a coating compounding solution. This blended solution was applied to 50 g / m ² of polyester spunbonded nonwoven fabric using a knife coater, and the dry solid content adhesion amount was adjusted as shown in Table 1. Furthermore, in order to improve waterproofness, a fluorine-based water repellent 2
% Solution was used for impregnation. The physical properties of this sheet are shown in Table 1. As comparative examples, 17 Kg of asphalt felt (comparative example 1) and a non-woven polyethylene sheet of another company (comparative example 2) which are currently on the market were used.

From Table 1, when the amount of resin attached is less than 15 g / m ² , the moisture permeability is extremely excellent, but the water pressure resistance and the air permeability are low, so the water resistance and wind resistance are poor. When it is 20 g / m ² or more, moisture permeability and waterproof property are also improved. Further, it can be seen that in order to improve the waterproof property, it is preferable to apply a water repellent treatment to improve the water pressure resistance. In addition, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the waterproof property is good, but the moisture permeability is inferior to that of the present invention, and the product of the present invention has an extremely high moisture permeability, which is considered to be effective as a measure for preventing internal dew condensation inside the wall.

Example 2 Based on the coating compounded liquid used in Example 1, the addition amount of aluminum paste was changed as shown in Table 2 to give 50 g / m ² of polyester spunbonded nonwoven fabric having a dry solid content of 25.
Coating was performed with a knife coater to achieve g / m ² . Table 2 shows the results of evaluation of heat retention and abrasion resistance of this sheet. Regarding the heat retaining property, it cannot be said that it is a practical evaluation in the conventional heat retaining rate (JIS-L-1096). Therefore, in order to make it more practical here, air is placed between the sample and the heat source (hot plate). By providing a layer (20%), it was assumed that it was an air layer existing between glass wool insulation materials. However, the measurement conforms to JIS-L-1096. The heat insulating and heat insulating properties were evaluated by determining the heat transmission coefficient. As a method of obtaining this heat transmission coefficient, a heat source capable of adjusting the temperature is provided in a constant temperature bath, and a heat insulating container having an opening at the top is installed.
Attach the sample to the opening, make the detection end of the heat flow meter contact the sample surface, and incubate the temperature of the thermostat (T ₁ ° C) and the temperature inside the heat insulating container (T
Heat flow (Qkcal / m ² · hr) caused by the temperature difference from ( ₂ ℃)
Is measured, and the heat transmission coefficient k is obtained from Q = k (T ₂ −T ₁ ). Alfalto 17 kg felt was used as Comparative Example 1, and polyethylene nonwoven fabric of another company was used as Comparative Example 2. From Table 2, the heat retaining property is remarkably improved by adding aluminum having a heat ray reflecting effect. Regarding the heat insulating and heat insulating properties, the comparative example also has only the windproof function of preventing convection of air because of low air permeability, but in the present invention example, the heat insulating and heat insulating property of the glass wool heat insulating material due to the windproof function and the radiation effect is provided. It is expected that the heat insulating effect will be improved and the heat loss will be reduced at the same time, and the energy saving effect can be expected.
If the amount of aluminum added is 30 parts by weight or more, the aluminum powder may drop off on the surface of the sheet, which is not preferable.

Example 3 Using the same coating compound liquid as in Example 1, 50 g / m ² of polyester spunbonded nonwoven fabric had a dry solid content of 15
After coating with a knife coater to g / m ² and drying at 150 ° C for 2 minutes, further coating with a polyurethane polymer with polyoxyethylene chains is adjusted to 25 g / m ² as a whole, impression Was done. Table 3 shows the physical properties of the obtained sheet. As a comparative example, the same sheet as the comparative example used in Example 1 was used.

From Table 3, by using the polyacrylic acid polymer compounding liquid in advance to coat the non-woven fabric with the polyurethane polymer which is excellent in film formation, the polyacrylic acid polymer alone gives superior waterproofness. It was found that it is possible to do so, the air permeability is low, the wind resistance is excellent, and the abrasion resistance is improved.

Example 4 Using the sheet prepared in Example 1 (Sample No. 4 in Table 1), a test apparatus as described below was prepared, and further verification test was repeated for heat retention. Use a thermostatic chamber, put a heater inside it, put a container covered with a heat insulating material, place a sample on the upper surface, change the temperature in the thermostatic chamber and the sample, and change the temperature inside the container containing the heater. I examined how it changes. As a comparative example, a commercial Alfalto felt 17 kg product was used. The results are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the product of the present invention has a faster temperature rise when the heater is operated at a constant electric power and maintains a high temperature (second
(Fig.) Also, in the temperature decrease curve when the heater power is weakened as shown in Fig. 3, the temperature drop in the container of the present invention is slower and stable at a higher temperature than the conventional Alfalto felt 17Kg product. . From these things, when assuming that the container containing the heater is the wall body and the temperature change is the outside air temperature (the temperature of the air passing through the aeration layer), the product of the present invention is 5-10% compared to the conventional product.
C. also maintained a high value, which shows that the product of the present invention has remarkably excellent heat retention.

Example 5 Using the sheet prepared in Example 3, general physical properties, workability, and economic efficiency were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 4. As a comparative example, a conventional asphalt felt 17 kg product and a polyethylene nonwoven fabric of another company were used.

From Table 4, the material of this example is superior to the comparative example in strength, moisture permeability, heat insulating and heat insulating property, waterproof property and economical efficiency of execution, and is regarded as an ideal windbreak material in the outer wall ventilation construction method. be able to.

(Effects of the Invention) The present invention, when used as a windbreak material in an outer wall ventilation construction method as shown in Examples, cannot be solved by conventional products, (1) heat insulation and heat insulation, (2) moisture permeability, (3) ) In addition to waterproofing, it has excellent workability and economy. Considering the above effects, the conventional method, 2x4 method, mortar method (requiring a ventilation layer), under-floor glass wool receiver (used in place of conventional plastic nets to protect floor insulation in an airtight manner) , The heat insulation performance is improved.), It can also be used in the eaves roof, sash, and around the base, etc. If you use polyvinyl chloride for the thermoplastic polymer, you can add flame retardancy to the wooden house. Various uses are conceivable.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a schematic structure of an outer wall ventilation construction method, FIG. 2 is a temperature rise curve graph in Example 4, and FIG. 3 is a temperature decrease curve graph in Example 4. 1 ... Outer wall material, 2 ... Ventilation layer, 3 ... Windproof layer material, 4 ...
Heat insulation layer (glass wool), 5 ... Moisture-proof layer (polyethylene film, etc.), 6 ... Interior material

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A building sheet having heat insulation, moisture permeability, and waterproof properties, which is obtained by applying a thermoplastic polymer / copolymer blended liquid in which a fine metal powder dispersion is mixed onto the surface of a base sheet. material