JPH079325B2 - Absorption type cold / heat generator and absorber and concentrator used therefor - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for concentrating and absorbing an absorbing liquid, and more particularly to effective use of a temperature difference in an apparatus for heating and cooling by utilizing sensible heat and apparatus height. The present invention relates to an absorption type cold / heat generator suitable for reduction.

[Conventional technology]

A conventional example will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the components and system of the most common absorption type cold / heat generator.

In the following description, a LiBr aqueous solution is used as the absorbing liquid, water is used as the refrigerant, and water is used as the heating and cooling liquids.

The absorber 1 accommodates a cooling heat exchanger 10 and a LiBr aqueous solution disperser 11, and reference numeral 2 denotes a water evaporator which is a refrigerant, and a water disperser 21.
Also, the heating heat exchanger 20 is housed therein, and the absorber 1 and the evaporator 2 are connected by a steam passage 60.

On the other hand, a concentrator (sometimes referred to as a generator) 3 houses a LiBr aqueous solution disperser 31 and a heating heat exchanger 30, and a condenser 4 houses a cooling heat exchanger 40, respectively. The vessel 4 is connected by a steam passage 70.

The LiBr aqueous solution flowing through the absorber 1 and the condenser 3 is a heat exchanger 5
It has become a system that flows through.

Fig. 9 shows the situation of movements with the above equipment configuration and system.
The case of obtaining cold heat will be described in detail together with the concentration and temperature-pressure diagram of the LiBr aqueous solution.

In the concentrator 3, a LiBr aqueous solution having a concentration of about 59% is sprayed from the pipe 300 onto the surface of the heating heat exchanger 30 by the disperser 31. At this time, hot water of 93 ° C. (point in FIG. 9, hereinafter also indicated by parenthesized numbers in parentheses) is introduced into the heating heat exchanger 30 to heat the LiBr aqueous solution to 80 ° C. (). On the other hand, the condenser 4 is cooled at 23 ° C. () by the cooling heat exchanger 40, and is cooled and held at the inside temperature of 35 ° C.
3. Since the condenser 4 is maintained at a saturation pressure of 43 mmHg (), the LiBr aqueous solution evaporates on the surface of the heat exchanger 30 of the concentrator and is concentrated to 60% (). After passing through 360 to the heat exchanger 5 and mostly through the pipe 340, mixed with the 55% concentration LiBr aqueous solution flowing from the pipe 350, the concentration became about 9%, and the pump 320 concentrated again through the pipe 300. Flows into the vessel 3. On the other hand, the steam generated in the concentrator 3 is transferred to the steam passage 70.
And then flows into the condenser 4, condenses and condenses on the surface of the cooling heat exchanger 40, and joins from the pipe 410 to the pipe 230.

In the above operation, the hot water in the heat exchanger 30 for heating was 93 ° C.
() To 83 ° C () 10 ° C sensible heat is used, and the cooling water in the cooling heat exchanger 40 is 23 ° C () to 33 ° C () 10 ° C.
Uses sensible heat.

On the other hand, in the absorber 1, the cooling water temperature of the cooling heat exchanger 10 is 23 ° C.
It is cooled by () and is sprayed from the pipe 100 onto the cooling surface by the sprayer 11. About 56% concentration of LiBr
The temperature is kept at 35 ℃ () and the saturated vapor pressure at that time is about 7mmH.
g () and the evaporator 2 connected by the steam passage 60
Also becomes a pressure of 7 mmHg. Therefore, from the pipe 230 to the spreader 21
The water sprayed by the water evaporates, the latent heat is removed and the temperature drops,
It becomes about 6 ° C (). This water is heated on the surface of the heat exchanger 20 for heating to cool the heated water 13 ° C (), and from the pipe 240 to the pump 22.
0, join the pipe 230 through the pipe 250. The vapor generated in the evaporator 2 is absorbed by the LiBr aqueous solution being sprinkled by the sparger 11 of the absorber 1 via the steam passage 60, and the condensation heat and the like at this time are taken out of the system by the cooling heat exchanger 10. The LiBr aqueous solution which has been carried away and has a concentration of 55% is joined to the heat exchanger 5 through the pipe 110, part of which is from the pipe 130, and the rest of which is joined to the pipe 100 by the pump 140 through the pipe 120.

In the above operation, the cooling water in the cooling heat exchanger 10 of the absorber 1 uses sensible heat of 10 ° C from 23 ° C () to 33 ° C (), and 13 ° C in the heating heat exchanger of the evaporator 2. () To 8 ° C
By using the sensible heat of (), cold heat of 8 ° C. can be obtained from the heat exchanger 20 for heating of the evaporator 2.

In the above-mentioned conventional absorption type cold / heat generator,
Temperature range of heating water used in concentrator 3 is 10 ° C (-) and temperature range of cooling water used in absorber 1 is 10 ° C (-).
) Is further expanded so that the heating water or the cooling water can be effectively used, or the heating temperature can be decreased or the cooling water temperature can be increased. "Syon cycle" is proposed. The outline of this cycle is described below.

Fig. 10 is an example of the configuration and system when the Lorentz cycle is applied to an absorption type cold / heat generator [Reference] "Research and development of absorption heat pumps in Europe and the United States";
It is a figure introduced in Frozen 60-697, 1118) and the like. The Lorentz cycle will be described below in detail with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11. The reference numerals are the same as in FIG.

The concentrator 3 accommodates a vertically long heat exchanger 30 for heating, and a 55% LiBr aqueous solution is dispersed on the surface of the heat exchanger 30 for heating by the pipe 320 and the liquid disperser 31 by the pump 320.
Gravity naturally flows down on the surface of the heat exchanger. At this time, from the lower end 32 of the heating heat exchanger, as shown in FIG.
Even if the heated water in () flows in and flows out at a temperature of 73 ° C () from the upstream, the 55% concentration LiBr aqueous solution has a temperature of 70 ° C () at a saturation pressure of 43 mmHg. An exchange temperature difference of 3 ° C. is obtained and evaporation concentration is carried out. When reaching the bottom of the concentrator 3 which has further flowed down naturally, since the temperature of the heated water is 83 ° C. as described above, the same heat exchange temperature difference of 31 ° C.
It is heated to 80 ° C () at a temperature of 60 ° C, and is discharged from the tube 310 to a concentration of 60%.

Therefore, the inlet temperature 93 ° C. of the heating water of the conventional example shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 is lowered to 83 ° C.

On the other hand, in the absorber 1, an aqueous solution of LiBr having a concentration of 60% is used in the tube 10.
From 0 to the disperser 11, it is sprayed on the surface of the cooling heat exchanger 10, and likewise naturally flows down by gravity. The temperature of the LiBr 60% aqueous solution in the upper part of the cooling heat exchanger 10 is 45 ° C.
() And when the heat exchange temperature difference is 3 ° C, the cooling water is 42
It is possible to cool at ℃ (), and the saturation temperature is 35 ℃ () when the concentration reaches 55% at the lower end of the absorber 1 that has flowed down while absorbing vapor. If you allow for this, the cooling water temperature will be 32 ° C (). Therefore, the cooling water inlet temperature of the conventional example shown in FIG. 8 and FIG.
This means that 23 ℃ has risen to 32 ℃.

Above, the evaporator 3 in the conventional example and the Lorentz cycle
To summarize the temperature conditions of the heating water and the cooling water of the absorber 1, the heating water inlet temperature was 93 ° C in the conventional example, while it dropped to 83 ° C in the Lorentz cycle, and the cooling water inlet temperature was from 23 ° C to 32 ° C. The temperature rises to 0 ° C, which is an extremely advantageous cycle for the heat source.
From another point of view, the heating water inlet temperature is 83% in the conventional example.
If the temperature is brought close to 0 ° C, the flow rate of heating water will increase infinitely, and if the inlet temperature of the cooling water approaches 33 ° C, the flow rate of cooling water will also increase.

As described above, in the Lorentz cycle absorption type cold / heat generator, heating and cooling water have extremely effective temperatures, which is an expected method.

However, as shown in FIG. 10, the height of the container of the absorber and the condenser becomes high, and the installation place of the device is limited. For example, installation in the basement of a building becomes very difficult.

Further, as a means for solving this, for example, as shown in FIG. 11, an absorber or a concentrator is divided into a plurality of pieces, and the absorption liquid accumulated at the bottom of the container is extracted by a pump 140, and again on the top of another container. Means such as transportation may be considered, but there is a drawback that the device becomes complicated. As another means, for example, as shown in FIG. 12, it is considered to take measures such as providing fins on the outer surface of the vertical tube to delay the natural flow time, but the heat transfer tube processing is complicated. Will be expensive. In addition, it is well known that in the case of a vertical multi-tube type, which accompanies an increase in size, it is very difficult to uniformly disperse the absorbing liquid on the outer surface of the multi-tube.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

As described above, in the prior art, the height of the device, the complexity for solving it, and the increase in cost associated with various measures for allowing the absorbent to flow down naturally, and it is extremely difficult to increase the capacity of the device, etc. There was a problem.

An object of the present invention is to eliminate the above drawbacks and to provide an absorption type cold / heat generator which can maximize the advantages of the Lorentz cycle.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The above-mentioned object is achieved by forming a closed space to form a restricted flow from the conventional natural flow system of absorbing liquid.

Considering the behavior of the absorbing liquid in the absorption type cold heat generator, in the absorber and the evaporator, and in the condenser and the condenser, the moving substance is vapor, that is, so-called gas movement. Therefore, by ensuring a passage for the absorbing liquid with a material that can only permeate gas but not a liquid substance, a forced flow can be achieved as in a general heat exchanger, which allows the conventional gravity flow. A new structure of absorption-type cold / heat generator that takes a leap from the natural flow system by

As a material that does not pass the liquid described above and only permeates the gas,
Generally, it is a hydrophobic (or water repellent) porous material, and its shape may be a film shape, tubular shape, etc., and the material is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (P
P), nylon, silicone, cellulose acetate, etc.
The present invention is achieved by forming a gap between the film or tube made of these materials and the heat transfer surface or heat transfer tube for heat exchange, and flowing the absorbing liquid into the gap.

That is, the present invention is a condenser for heating and absorbing and concentrating the absorption liquid, a condenser for introducing and condensing the refrigerant vapor generated from the condensate and condensing, and an evaporator for evaporating the refrigerant. In an absorption type cold-heat generator comprising an absorber for absorbing a refrigerant vapor generated in an evaporator into an absorbing liquid, at least one of the concentrator and the absorber has a hydrophobic porous membrane or a hydrophobic porous tube and heat transfer. A surface or a heat transfer tube is provided with a void, and the absorbent is bound to the hydrophobic porous membrane or the hydrophobic porous tube and the heat transfer surface or the heat transfer tube. And flowing the absorbent so as to come into contact with the heat transfer medium through the heat transfer surface or the heat transfer tube, and flowing the absorbent and the heat transfer medium in a counter flow. .

Further, in the present invention, the absorber includes a void portion formed by a hydrophobic porous membrane or a hydrophobic porous tube and a heat transfer surface or a heat transfer tube, and the absorbent is filled with the hydrophobic porous film. The membrane or the hydrophobic porous tube and the heat transfer surface or the heat transfer tube are restrained to flow, and the absorbing liquid flows so as to come into contact with the heat transfer medium via the heat transfer surface or the heat transfer tube. An absorber for an absorption-type cold-heat generator, characterized in that the concentrator comprises a void portion formed by a hydrophobic porous membrane or hydrophobic porous tube and a heat transfer surface or a heat transfer tube, and the void section The absorption liquid is constrained by the hydrophobic porous membrane or the hydrophobic porous tube and the heat transfer surface or the heat transfer tube to flow, and the absorption liquid passes through the heat transfer surface or the heat transfer tube. A condenser for an absorption-type cold / heat generator, characterized in that it flows so as to come into contact with a heat transfer medium. It is made.

[Action]

Specifically, the action of the concentrator having the above-mentioned configuration is
As shown in the figure, the absorption liquid 50 flowing through the gap 600 formed by the heat transfer surface 33 and the hydrophobic porous material 500 is heated by the heated water 301 which is opposed to the absorption liquid, and is passed through the heat transfer surface 33. Then, the vapor 1000 is heated and evaporated, and the vapor 1000 permeates through the openings of the hydrophobic porous material 500. The evaporated and concentrated absorption liquid further flows through the gap and is heated by higher-temperature heating water, so that the absorption liquid is further evaporated and concentrated.

On the other hand, in the absorber, as shown in FIG.
The absorbing liquid 60 flowing through the gap 600 constituted by the hydrophobic porous material 500 and the hydrophobic porous material 500 is cooled by the cooling water 101 flowing opposite to the absorbing liquid, so that the vapor pressure is lowered and the absorbing liquid 60 moves from the evaporator. Absorbs 2000 vapor coming. The absorbing liquid that has been absorbed, the concentration of which has decreased, and the temperature of which has risen further flows through the gap portion and is cooled by cooling water having a lower temperature, so that it further absorbs vapor and is diluted.

By the above operation, the temperature of the absorbing liquid changes along with the concentration change from the inlet to the outlet, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus capable of effectively executing the Lorentz cycle described above.

(Embodiment) An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1, 2, and 3.

FIG. 1 is a device configuration and system diagram of an absorption type cold / heat generator according to the present invention, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are inside a membrane module in a concentrator or an absorber suitable for effectively carrying out the present invention. It is a figure which shows the flow of the heating water or cooling water of FIG.

In detailing the present invention, the case where an aqueous solution of LiBr is used as the absorbing liquid will be described with reference to FIG. 4 together with the description of the conventional example.

The concentrator 3 accommodates the concentration membrane module 301 of the present invention, and each of the membrane modules has a medium inlet pipe 30.
0, outlet opening 311, heated water inlet pipe 32 and outlet pipe 30.

A 55% LiBr aqueous solution () is introduced into the membrane module 301 of the concentrator 3 by a pipe 300. Inside the membrane module 301, as shown in FIG. 2, the heat transfer surface 33 and the hydrophobic porous material 50 are provided.
The absorbing liquid flows through the gap 35 formed by 0 and. On the other hand, the heated water () is introduced through the pipe 32 and the wall 36 and the heat transfer surface.
It flows through a gap formed by 33 and the flow, which flows in opposition to the absorbing liquid described above. Therefore, the 55% LiBr aqueous solution is heated by the heating water () through the heat transfer surface and evaporates. The generated steam passes through the opening portion of the hydrophobic porous material 500, passes through the gap 38 formed by the hydrophobic porous material 500, and is introduced into the condenser 4 through the steam passage 70. The LiBr aqueous solution concentrated to a concentration of 60% () by the above action is accumulated at the bottom of the container of the condenser 3 through the opening 311 and flows to the heat exchanger 5 through the pipe 310.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the flows of the absorbing liquid and the heating water are three folds, but the number of folds is not limited and can be arbitrarily selected from the device size.

Next, the LiBr aqueous solution concentrated to 60% is cooled by the heat exchanger 5 and introduced into the absorber 1 through the pipe 100. The absorber 1 contains the absorption membrane module 101 of the present invention as in the above-mentioned concentrator. Details of the absorption membrane module are shown in FIG. The 60% LiBr aqueous solution () introduced into the membrane module from the pipe 100 is cooled () by the cooling water 12 and the vapor pressure decreases, so that the vapor from the evaporator 2 passes through the vapor passage 60 to the absorber 1. After being introduced, it further flows through the vapor passage 18 in the membrane module and is absorbed by the LiBr aqueous solution through the openings of the hydrophobic porous material 500. The LiBr aqueous solution that has absorbed steam and has a decreased concentration and an increased temperature is cooled by cooling water having a lower temperature, so that the steam can be absorbed again. Therefore, finally the opening 11 of the module
LiBr aqueous solution discharged from 1 has a concentration of 55% and a temperature of 35 ° C.
(). This aqueous solution stays on the bottom of the absorber 1
80 ° C., which was drawn from 110 by pump 140, introduced into heat exchanger 5 through pipe 130, and introduced through pipe 310. 60
% LiBr aqueous solution to obtain heat to raise the temperature, and then take a path to be introduced into the concentrator 3 via the tube 300. In FIG. 3 as well, three folds are shown as an example, but the number of folds is not limited here and can be arbitrarily selected from the shape and size.

Further, in this embodiment, a system in which the membrane module according to the present invention is housed in both the concentrator 3 and the absorber 1 is shown.
As shown in the figure, a system of an absorption-type cold / heat generator in which the membrane module 301 of the present invention is applied only to the concentrator 3 is conceivable, and although not shown, it is also possible to apply the membrane module only to the absorber 1. Are included in. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the present invention is applied to the concentrator 3 of the conventional example, and the structure of the present invention, which is not shown, is also included in the present invention.

FIG. 7 shows a membrane module structure according to another embodiment of the present invention in which a turbulence promoting material 39 is arranged in a gap formed by a heat transfer surface and a hydrophobic porous material. It is possible to reduce the concentration difference and the temperature difference between the vicinity of the heat transfer surface side and the vicinity of the hydrophobic film surface side due to evaporation, and to provide more effective heat transfer and mass transfer.

FIG. 15 is a view showing another embodiment of the present invention, which shows a multitubular module constituted by a hydrophobic porous tubular membrane.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to realize a Lorentz cycle absorption type cold / heat generator capable of effectively utilizing heat in the concentrator and the absorber. In order to reduce the height of the device that can be seen and to allow the absorbent to flow into the restraint space, the flow path direction is not limited to the conventional free fall direction, but it can be either upward flow or horizontal flow. It is possible to solve the complicated structure for pumping and dropping which is seen in the improvement of the conventional example. Further, according to the present invention, since it is a forced flow, the absorption liquid flow rate can be arbitrarily adjusted, and the optimum absorption liquid flow can be adjusted according to the cold heat or heat load, and the heating water flow rate and temperature or the cooling water flow rate and temperature. It has a feature that can be used as a road quantity.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a device configuration and system of an absorption type cold / heat generator according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a membrane module configuration of a concentrator according to the present invention and flows of an absorption liquid and a heating liquid,
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the membrane module structure of the absorber according to the present invention and the flow of the absorbing liquid and the cooling liquid, FIG. 4 is an operation diagram in the system shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the configuration and system of an embodiment, FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the configuration and system of an absorption type cold / heat generator according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a membrane comprising the present invention. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the module, FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a conventional example, FIG. 9 is an operation diagram in FIG. 8, and FIG. 10 is a conventional device configuration of a Lorentz cycle absorption type cold / heat generator. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a system, FIG. 11 is a diagram showing another conventional example, FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a conventional heat transfer surface, FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of a membrane module for a concentrator according to the present invention, FIG. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of an absorber membrane module according to the present invention. FIG. 15 is an enlarged view of the multitubular module for a concentrator according to the present invention. 1 ... Absorber, 2 ... Evaporator, 3 ... Concentrator, 4 ... Condenser, 5 ... Heat exchanger, 10 ... Cooling heat exchanger, 20 ...
Heat exchanger for cold heat, 30 ... Heat exchanger for heating, 40 ... Heat exchanger for cooling, 101 ... Membrane module for concentration, 301 ... Membrane module for absorption.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Katsuya Ehara 4026 Kuji Town, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture, Hitachi Research Laboratory Ltd. (72) Inventor Takayoshi Yoshihashi 4026 Kuji Town, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Hitachi Research Laboratory (72) Inventor Shigeo Sugimoto 603 Jinritsu-cho, Tsuchiura-shi, Ibaraki Hitate Factory Tsuchiura Plant (56) References JP 59-1966 (JP, A) JP 60-179103 ( JP, A)

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A concentrator for heating an absorbing solution to evaporate and concentrate it.
Absorption-type cold and hot heat composed of a condenser for introducing and condensing and condensing the refrigerant vapor generated from the concentrator, an evaporator for evaporating the refrigerant, and an absorber for absorbing the refrigerant vapor generated by the evaporator into an absorbing liquid. In the generator, at least one of the concentrator and the absorber is provided with a void portion formed by a hydrophobic porous membrane or a hydrophobic porous tube and a heat transfer surface or a heat transfer tube, and the absorbent solution is provided in the void portion. The hydrophobic porous membrane or the hydrophobic porous tube and the heat transfer surface or the heat transfer tube to constrain them to flow, and the absorbing liquid transfers the heat transfer medium via the heat transfer surface or the heat transfer tube. An absorption-type cold and hot heat generator characterized by flowing so as to come into contact with. 2. An absorption type cold / heat generator according to claim 1, wherein the absorbing liquid and the heat transfer medium are caused to flow in counterflow. 3. A concentrator for heating and absorbing and concentrating the absorption liquid,
Absorption-type cold and hot heat composed of a condenser for introducing and condensing and condensing the refrigerant vapor generated from the concentrator, an evaporator for evaporating the refrigerant, and an absorber for absorbing the refrigerant vapor generated by the evaporator into an absorbing liquid. In the generator, the absorber includes a void portion formed by a hydrophobic porous membrane or a hydrophobic porous tube and a heat transfer surface or a heat transfer tube, and the absorbent liquid is filled in the void portion with the hydrophobic porous membrane. Alternatively, the hydrophobic porous tube and the heat transfer surface or the heat transfer tube is constrained to flow, and the absorbing liquid flows so as to contact the heat transfer medium via the heat transfer surface or the heat transfer tube. Characteristic absorption type cold / heat generator absorber. 4. A concentrator for heating and evaporating and concentrating the absorption liquid,
Absorption-type cold and hot heat composed of a condenser for introducing and condensing and condensing the refrigerant vapor generated from the concentrator, an evaporator for evaporating the refrigerant, and an absorber for absorbing the refrigerant vapor generated by the evaporator into an absorbing liquid. In the generator, the concentrator includes a void portion formed by a hydrophobic porous membrane or a hydrophobic porous tube and a heat transfer surface or a heat transfer tube, and the absorbent is filled with the absorbent liquid in the void portion. Alternatively, the hydrophobic porous tube and the heat transfer surface or the heat transfer tube is constrained to flow, and the absorbing liquid flows so as to contact the heat transfer medium via the heat transfer surface or the heat transfer tube. Concentrator for absorption type cold / heat generator.