JPH0794982B2 - Positioning device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial application] The present invention positions a relative position between a rotating body to be measured and surface roughness measuring means, particularly when measuring the surface roughness of a rotating body. The present invention relates to a positioning device.

[Prior Art] When measuring the surface roughness in the rotation direction of a rotating body such as a cylinder, a cylinder, or a sphere, the direction of surface roughness (irregularity) detection matches the centripetal axis direction of the measured rotating body. Thus, it is important to position the relative position between the rotating body to be measured and the surface roughness measuring means.

Conventionally, the relative position between the rotating body to be measured and the surface roughness measuring means has been performed as follows.

First, the relative position between the rotating body to be measured and the surface roughness measuring means is positioned in a state in which it is considered that the direction of the unevenness detection and the centripetal axis of the rotating body to be measured are substantially aligned.

Next, the relative position of the surface roughness measuring means and the rotating body to be measured is moved in a direction orthogonal to the unevenness detecting direction, and the detector of the rotating body to be measured in a stationary state obtained by measurement during the movement. Based on the surface height of the part corresponding to, the direction of the surface roughness detection by the measuring means and the centripetal direction of the rotating body to be measured match or are extremely close to The relative position between the rotating body and the surface roughness measuring means is determined.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In the conventional positioning of the relative position between the rotating body to be measured and the surface roughness measuring means, it is basically a manual work, and it takes a lot of time and labor to carry out the positioning, which is short. There is a problem that skill is required to easily obtain the positioning state in time. Further, in the case of contact type measurement, if many trials are made, there is a problem that the measured rotating body may be damaged by that much and the true measured surface roughness may not be obtained.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and an object thereof is to perform positioning of relative positions of a rotating body to be measured and surface roughness measuring means simply and in a short time without requiring skill. To provide a device.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, a positioning device according to the present invention includes a moving unit, a storage unit, a computing unit, and a control unit.

The moving means can move the surface roughness measuring means in a direction orthogonal to the rotation axis of the rotating body to be measured and the unevenness detection direction axis of the surface roughness measuring means.

The storage means stores the average radius R of the rotating body to be measured,
Corresponding to the moving distances x ₀ , x ₀ > (2R · d) ^1/2 calculated by the formula based on the range d of the surface roughness of the rotating body to be measured and the detecting portion of the surface roughness measuring means. The surface height of the portion of the rotating body to be measured is stored.

The calculation means compares the surface height stored in the storage unit with the surface height of the measured rotating body measured by the surface roughness measuring means.

When the control unit is positioned at a specific relative position between the measured rotary body and the surface roughness measuring means and the surface height at that time is measured, the measured rotary body and the surface roughness are measured from the specific relative position. When the relative position with respect to the measuring means is moved by the specific distance x ₀ , and the surface height after the movement is subsequently measured, the arithmetic unit compares the respective surface heights at the two continuous relative positions. However, the moving means and the computing unit are repeatedly operated until the surface height of the preceding step at two consecutive relative positions of the rotating body to be measured and the surface roughness measuring means becomes higher than or equal to the surface height of the succeeding step. When the surface height of the previous step is higher than or equal to the surface height of the subsequent step, the moving distance of the moving means is made shorter than the specific distance and the moving direction is reversed. Let me The movement of the pair position and the comparison of the surface height are repeated, and the surface height becomes higher based on the comparison result of the surface heights of the front and rear steps at two consecutive relative positions of the rotating body to be measured and the surface roughness measuring means. Control signals are output to the moving means and the calculating means so that a high relative position can be obtained.

The specific distance when moving the relative position between the measured rotating body and the surface roughness measuring means is obtained by doubling the product of the average radius of the measured rotating body and the range of the surface roughness, and the value thereof. Is a value that is substantially slightly larger than the value obtained by halving, but is substantially slightly larger than twice the product of the average radius of the measured rotating body and the range of surface roughness. It means that the value obtained by halving the above value is a critical value where only the inequality sign holds.

[Operation] That is, in the positioning device according to the present invention, first, the moving means is actuated to move the relative position between the rotating body to be measured and the surface roughness measuring means relative to each other by a specific distance, whereby the rotating body to be measured is moved. The surface height of the front step is higher or equal to the surface height of the rear step when detected at two consecutive relative positions of the surface roughness measuring means and the surface roughness measuring means.

Next, the relative movement direction is reversed and the same operation is performed.
At this time, the moving distance is set shorter than the specific distance.

For example, when measuring the surface roughness of a rotating body to be measured, generally, the surface roughness can be grasped as a vibration in the vertical direction of the detection unit of the surface roughness measuring device. Therefore, in order to make the vertical axis of the detection unit and the centripetal axis of the rotating body to be measured coincide, the highest surface position of the rotating body to be measured and the detection position of the detecting unit may be made to coincide with each other.

Therefore, the present inventors have adopted the following method in order to automatically search for the highest surface position of the rotating body to be measured.

That is, as shown in FIG. 5, in order to search the vertical axis (Y axis) of the rotating body to be measured 7, first, the surface height H ₁ at the position in the figure is detected by the detection unit of the surface roughness measuring device itself. taking measurement. Next, the detector is moved leftward in the figure by a distance x ₀ , and the surface height H ₂ is measured at the position. At this time, since H ₂ > H ₁ , it can be seen that the vertical axis (Y-axis) is further to the left. Therefore, the detection position is further moved to the left by a distance x ₀ , and the surface height H ₃ is measured at the position. At this time, H ₃ <H ₂
Therefore, the vertical axis (Y-axis) has passed.

Therefore, this time, the surface height detection position is moved rightward by x ₁ smaller than the distance x ₀ , the surface height H ₄ is measured at the position, and the comparison with the surface height H ₃ is performed. After that, the moving direction of the surface height detection position is to the right and the moving distance is x ₁ ,
Operate in the same manner as above.

In this way, the moving direction x of the surface height detection position is reversed every time the center axis is passed, and the moving distance x is further gradually reduced, so that the detection unit is gradually brought close to the vertical center axis. be able to.

Here, from a simple point of view, for example, the surface height position may be continuously scanned from the position in the left direction, and the maximum height position may be obtained so as to match the vertical axis.
However, in reality, since there is surface roughness on the rotating body to be measured, the convex position of the unevenness of the surface roughness may be detected as the maximum value. Therefore, it is based on such continuous height position measurement. Vertical axis search is not practical.

Therefore, as described above, in the present invention, the surface height measurement position is moved stepwise at a distance x.

By the way, when the relative position is moved so that the detection direction of the surface roughness measuring device is closer to the centripetal axis of the rotating body to be measured, the movement distance x is too large and the surface roughness measuring means If the detection direction exceeds the position of the centripetal axis of the rotating body to be measured and is far away from the centripetal axis compared to before the movement, the movement itself has no meaning, so the movement distance is small. Is desirable.

However, if the moving distance x is made too small from the initial value, the convex position based on the surface roughness described above may be determined to be the (maximum point) vertical center axis position.

Therefore, the present inventors have further studied to identify the moving distance x.

That is, as shown in FIG. 5, the intersection of the vertical axis of the rotating body to be measured and the surface of the rotating body is defined as the origin O: coordinate (0,0).
Then, when considering a sectional view of the rotating body under measurement having a radius R, the surface coordinates (x, y) of the rotating body under measurement are represented by {x, (R ² −x ² ) ^1/2 −R}. To be done.

However, since there is surface roughness, the range d of surface roughness must be taken into consideration as shown in FIG.

As is clear from the figure, the rotating body with the radius R is the average circle.
Be understood as C _1, a circle connecting the convex portions of the surface roughness is the radius
The outer circle C ₂ is larger by d / 2, and the circle connecting the concave portions of the surface roughness is grasped as the inner circle C ₃ whose radius is smaller by d / 2.

Thus, the surface coordinates of the outer circumferential circle, [x, {(R + d / 2) 2 -x 2} 1/2 -R] Further, the surface coordinate position of the inner circumference is, [x, {(R- d / 2) ²⁻ x ² } ^{1 / 2−} R], respectively.

Then, in order to set the specific movement distance x ₀ in a range that is not affected by the unevenness based on the surface roughness, it is necessary to determine as follows.

That is, as shown in FIG. 4, when the average radius of the measured rotating body 7a is R, the range of the surface roughness is d, and the detection direction of the surface roughness is the vertical direction, P point located innermost from the center of rotation of the measured rotating body 7a [x, {(R- d / 2) 2 -x 2} 1/2 -R] from the rotation of the measured rotating body 7a center Of the centripetal axis y that is located on the outermost side from the
Point located far from the point P with respect to _{Q [X + x 0, {} (R + d / 2) 2 - (x + x 0) 2} 1/2 -
R] is assumed.

When the surface heights of the points P and Q are measured, the point P is closer to the vertical axis Y than the point Q,
When the height position of the point P becomes lower than the height position of the point Q, an appropriate centripetal axis search cannot be performed.

Therefore, consider a specific distance x ₀ (> 0) at which the height of the point P is higher than the height of the point Q regardless of the unevenness based on the surface roughness. If this relation is expressed by an inequality, the following equation is obtained.

^{{(R-d / 2)} 2 -x 2} 1/2 -R> - Solving for ^{{(R + d / 2)} 2 (x + x 0) 2} 1/2 -R certain distance x ₀ of this inequality, x ₀ > −x + {x ² + 2R · d} ^1/2 (x> 0) is obtained.

Here, if f (x) = {2R · d + x ² ) ^1/2 −x is defined, the following equation is obtained.

x ₀ > f (x) Further, in order to check the increase / decrease of f (x), both sides are differentiated to obtain the following equation.

f ′ (x) = x / {2R · d + x ² } ^1/2 −1 By the way, since x <{2R · d + x ² } ^1/2 , x / {2
R · d + x ² } ^1/2 <1 and f ′ for all x
Since (x) is always negative, f (x) is a decreasing function. Therefore, if the required range for the height difference determination is at least until the point P is on the centripetal axis y, f (x) is x
When = 0, the maximum value is taken critically. Therefore, for the minimum value of x ₀ to be obtained, the following relation is obtained.

x ₀ > f (0) = {2R · d} ^1/2 That is, it is appropriate that the obtained distance x ₀ is critically set to {2R · d} ^1/2 .

In addition, when the range of the radius and surface roughness of the rotating body to be measured is known in advance, for example, the specific distance x ₀ is assumed to be a value considered appropriate from the two known values. Can be given. Further, the approximate value of the range of the surface roughness of the measured rotating body is obtained by the surface roughness measuring means, and the radius of the measured rotating body is obtained by a length measuring device such as a caliper or a micrometer, and based on the obtained value. A specific distance can be given.

In addition, after the second movement process in which the movement distance is a value shorter than the specific distance, specifically, it is a value obtained by reducing the specific distance by half as the value of the short movement distance, and At least a movement in which the direction of the first movement of each movement process is opposite to the direction of the last movement of the preceding movement process. In other words, the first movement distance of the second movement process is set to half the specified distance, the movement distance of the movement process after that is decreased by one half, and the movement distance is changed every time the movement process changes. The direction of is reversed.

By the way, since there is a relative position where the detection direction matches the centripetal direction between the two relative positions obtained by the last movement and the penultimate movement in the first movement step, the movement of the second movement step Thus, the relative position between the rotating body to be measured and the surface roughness measuring means in which the detection direction is closer to the centripetal direction can be obtained.

The moving means first moves the relative position between the rotating body to be measured and the surface roughness measuring device by a specific distance so that the detection direction of the surface roughness measuring device coincides with the centripetal direction at the relative position. Two continuous relative positions sandwiching the relative position therebetween are taken, and then the relative position is moved by a distance shorter than the specific distance, whereby a relative position having a higher surface height is obtained.

[Embodiment] The present invention will be described in detail based on an embodiment shown in Figs. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

The positioning device 1 is incorporated in the surface roughness measuring device 2 as shown in FIG.

The surface roughness measuring device 2 includes a contact-type surface roughness measuring means 3 and an arrow A which indicates the surface roughness measuring means 3 in a horizontal front-back direction.
Moving means 4 that can move in the direction, and sliding means 5 that can slide the moving means 4 in the direction of arrow B, which is the vertical direction.
And a calculation display means 6 for calculating and displaying a value detected by the surface roughness measuring means 3 in a predetermined form, and a measured portion of the measured rotating body 7 continuously moves with respect to the surface roughness measuring means 3. As described above, the rotational driving means 8 for rotationally driving the sphere 7, which is the rotating body to be measured, and the base 9 are provided.

The surface roughness measuring means 3 has two skids (not shown) that come into contact with the spherical body 7 when the measured rotating body 7 rotationally driven by the rotational driving means 8 swings along the central axis of the rotation. In order to follow the swing, the nosepiece 11 which is swingable with respect to the surface roughness measuring means main body 10 and holds the two skids is provided.

The moving means 4 is connected to the output motor 12 and the ball screw 13 that operates with the output motor 12, the guide member 14, and the nut side of the ball screw 13, and is guided by the guide member 14 so that the arrow A
A slider 15 that moves in the direction and a holder 16 that is integrated with the slider 15 and holds the surface roughness measuring means 3 are provided.

The slide means 5 is a column that is erected vertically upward on the base 9.
17, a lift 18 that slides in the vertical direction (direction of arrow B) of the support column 17, an output motor 19 for sliding the lift 18, and a ball screw 20.

The calculation display means 6 includes a calculation unit 21, a control unit 22, and a storage unit.
23, a liquid crystal display unit 24, and a printer 25.
The storage unit 23 stores the moving distance of the moving unit 4. An operation panel 26 is provided on the upper surface of the calculation display means 6.

The rotation driving means 8 includes an output motor 27, rollers 28 and 29 that rotate by mounting and supporting a rotating body to be measured, and friction transmission means that transmits the rotation drive of the output motor 27 to the rollers 28 and 29 by friction transmission. (Omitted). Reference numeral 30 denotes a constriction portion for rotating the sphere to be measured at a predetermined position when the rotator to be measured is a sphere.

A positioning method for determining the relative position of the surface roughness measuring means 3 with respect to the sphere 7 using the positioning device 1 will be described below.

First, the sphere 7 is moved to the roller 28 and the roller 29 of the rotation driving means 8.
Place it on the constriction section 30 of. In this state, the rotation driving means 8 equipped with the sphere 7 is arranged such that the axial directions of the rollers 28 and 29 and the extending direction of the surface roughness measuring means 3 are orthogonal to each other, and the detecting portion of the surface roughness measuring means 3 (not shown). Are positioned so that they are located substantially above the apex of the sphere 7.

Next, the operation panel 26 is operated to start the operation of the surface roughness measuring device 2. By this start, the control unit
22 outputs a control signal for starting output to the output motor 19, and the moving means 4 moves backward in the direction of arrow A (in FIG. 2,
A control signal for turning to the right direction of arrow A) is sent.
The slide means 5 is activated by the output of the output motor 19,
The surface roughness measuring means 3 held by the moving means 4 slides downward in the direction of arrow B. When the detecting portion of the surface roughness measuring means 3 which has slid down and comes into contact with the sphere 7, the surface roughness measuring means 3 sends this contact to the control portion 22 via the arithmetic portion 21 as a detection signal. Upon receiving the detection signal, the control unit 22 sends a control signal for stopping the output to the output motor 19. When the slide means 5 is stopped in response to the control signal, the measurer adjusts the height position of the surface roughness measuring means 3 so that the detection direction of the surface roughness measuring means 3 becomes the vertical direction. Here, the position of the surface roughness measuring means 3 in the arrow B direction is in a fixed state. Further, at this time, the detecting portion of the surface roughness measuring means 3 is in contact with the sphere 7, but the surface roughness measuring means 3 detects the first surface height of the part of the sphere 7 in contact therewith ( taking measurement.

Incidentally, when the surface roughness measuring means 3 is positioned in the direction of the arrow B and the detection result is outside the detectable range of the surface roughness measuring means 3, the control section 22 is over the liquid crystal display section 24. Sends a control signal to display the range. When the liquid crystal display section 24 displays an overrange indication, the control section 22 sends a control signal for stopping the operation to the calculation section 21, the storage section 23 and the moving means 4. On the other hand, the measurer actuates the slide means 5,
After that, the arrow A between the surface roughness measuring means 3 and the rotation driving means 8
The relative position of the direction is adjusted to position the surface roughness measuring means 3 at a position where it does not become overrange, and the surface roughness measuring device 2 is restarted.

When the surface height of the sphere 7 detected by the surface roughness measuring means 3 is within a detectable range, the control unit 22 sends a control signal for the storage unit 23 to store the first surface height, It is output to the calculation unit 21 and the storage unit 23.

Subsequently, the control unit 22 outputs a control signal for moving the surface roughness measuring unit 3 backward in the arrow A direction (rightward direction of arrow A in FIG. 2) by a first specific distance, which is output from the moving unit 4. Send to the motor 12. The first specific distance is substantially smaller than the value obtained by doubling the product of the average radius of the sphere 7 and the range of the surface roughness of the sphere 7 and halving the value. Is a large value.

When the moving unit 4 moves, the control unit 22 sends to the storage unit 23 a control signal for the storage unit 23 to store the number of times of movement, that is, the number of times the output motor 12 has output.

When the surface roughness measuring means 3 is moved backward by the first specific distance in the direction of arrow A by the operation of the moving means 4 based on the control signal, the part of the sphere 7 with which the detecting portion of the surface roughness measuring means 3 comes into contact after this movement. The second surface height of the
The second surface height obtained by the measurement is sent to the calculation unit 21.

Here, the calculation unit 21 compares the first surface height with the second surface height, and sends the comparison result as a signal to the control unit 22.

The control unit 22, based on the comparison result from the calculation unit 21, in the case where the second surface height is higher than the first surface height, the step of determining whether or not the detected value is within the detectable range Output a control signal for repeating. On the other hand, when the first surface height is higher than or equal to the second surface height, the moving direction of the surface roughness measuring means 3 is reversed, that is, the arrow A direction forward (the arrow A left direction in FIG. 2). To the moving means 4, and then to the storage unit 23, a control signal for confirming the number of times the moving means 4 has been operated.

Here, if the number of operations of the moving means 4 is 1, the control unit 22 sends a control signal for repeating the steps after the step of determining whether or not the detected value is within the detectable range to the moving means. 4, sent to the calculation unit 21 and the storage unit 23. On the other hand, if the number of times of movement of the moving means 4 is 2 or more, a control signal for moving the surface roughness measuring means 3 by a second specific distance which is half the specific distance is sent to the moving means 4.

When the moving means 4 moves the surface roughness measuring means 3 by the second specific distance, the surface roughness measuring means 3 measures the surface height of the rotating body to be measured 7 corresponding to the state and calculates the value. Send to 21. Here, the control unit 22 sends a control signal for comparing the sent value with the surface height of the measured rotating body 7 before moving by the second specific distance to the computing unit 21.

Therefore, when the surface height after the surface roughness measuring means 3 has moved by the second movement distance is higher than the surface height before the movement, it is judged whether or not the detected value is within the detectable range. The control signal for repeating the steps after
22 sends it to the moving means 4, the calculation unit 21, and the storage unit 23. On the other hand,
When the surface height before the surface roughness measuring means 3 moves by the second moving distance is higher than or equal to the surface height after moving, the measured rotating body 7 and the surface roughness measuring means 3 are The control unit 22 sends a control signal for displaying that the positioning of the relative position is completed to the liquid crystal display unit 24 of the calculation display unit 6.

By the above operation, the relative position between the surface roughness measuring means 3 and the spherical body 7 becomes so close that the detection direction of the surface roughness measuring means 3 coincides with or is coincident with the centripetal axis of the spherical body 7. Is obtained.

Thus, the positioning of the relative position can be easily performed without requiring any skill. Further, the sphere 7 is not traced more than necessary, and the original surface texture can be maintained more.

In the above embodiment, the surface roughness measuring device 2 of the surface roughness measuring device 2 is of the contact type, but the present invention may be of the non-contact type.

Further, in the positioning device 1, after the second moving process, the moving distance of the moving means 4 is reduced by one half, but it may be set to another value such as one tenth. Good.

In addition, although the rotating body to be measured is a sphere in the embodiment, it may be a cylinder, a round bar, or a cylinder.

EFFECT OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, the rotating body to be measured and the surface are arranged so that the detection direction can be aligned with the centripetal axis of the rotating body to be measured, or can be positioned so close as to be in agreement. When moving and positioning the relative position with the roughness measuring device, the relative position is moved by a specific distance so that the desired relative position can be easily obtained without requiring any skill. The effect that it can be obtained is obtained.

Further, when the surface roughness measuring means is a contact type, the rotating body to be measured is not traced more than necessary, so that the rotating body to be measured is not scratched more than necessary and the surface quality is well maintained even after the measurement. The effect of keeping it is obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view including a partial cutout of an embodiment of a positioning device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a configuration explanatory view of this embodiment, FIG. 3 is a flow chart for explaining the operation of this embodiment, and FIG. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the origin of the specific distance according to the present invention, and FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the centripetal axis search mechanism according to the present invention. 1 ... Positioning device, 2 ... Surface roughness measuring device, 3 ... Surface roughness measuring means, 4 ... Movement means, 5 ... Sliding means, 6 ... Calculation display section, 7 ... Sphere (measurement target) Rotating body) 8 ... Rotation driving means, 21 ... Calculation section, 22 ... Control section, 23 ... Storage section.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A positioning device for positioning the relative position between a rotating body to be measured and a surface roughness measuring means when measuring the surface roughness of the rotating body to be measured while rotating the rotating body to be measured. A moving means capable of moving the surface roughness measuring means in a direction orthogonal to the rotation axis of and the axis for detecting unevenness by the surface roughness measuring means; an average radius R of the rotating body to be measured; The moving distances x ₀ , x ₀ > (2R · d) ^1/2 calculated by the formula based on the surface roughness range d of the body and the rotating body to be measured corresponding to the detecting portion of the surface roughness measuring means. The storage means for storing the surface height of the part of the, the calculation means for comparing the surface height stored in the storage part with the surface height of the measured rotating body measured by the surface roughness measuring means, Position the rotating body and the surface roughness measuring means at a specific relative position When the surface height at that time is measured, the relative position between the rotating body to be measured and the surface roughness measuring means is moved from the specific relative position by the specific distance x ₀ , and subsequently, after the movement. When the surface height of is measured, the arithmetic unit compares the respective surface heights at two consecutive relative positions,
The moving means and the computing section are repeatedly operated until the surface height of the preceding step at two consecutive relative positions of the rotating body to be measured and the surface roughness measuring means becomes higher than or equal to the surface height of the succeeding step. If the surface height of the front step is higher than or equal to the surface height of the rear step, the moving distance of the moving means is made shorter than the specific distance and the moving direction is reversed. By repeating the movement of the relative position and the comparison of the surface height, the surface height becomes higher based on the comparison result of the surface heights of the front and rear steps at two consecutive relative positions of the measured rotating body and the surface roughness measuring means. A positioning device provided with a control unit that outputs a control signal to each of the moving unit and the calculating unit so that a high relative position can be obtained.