JPH0796119B2 - Wastewater treatment method - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for treating organic wastewater using photosynthetic bacteria and methanogenic bacteria.

[Conventional technology]

In the purification of organic wastewater such as food factory wastewater and municipal sewage, removal of carbon compounds from the wastewater is carried out to a large extent by aerobic microbial treatment and its combination with anaerobic microbial treatment (so-called methane fermentation treatment). Although possible, nitrogen compound removal is difficult by comparison, and effective and practical methods have not yet been established.

That is, aerobic microorganisms and anaerobic microorganisms that are usually used for purification treatment have excellent ability to decompose or assimilate carbon compounds, but nitrogen compounds are not used much,
Conventionally, a considerable part of nitrogen compounds in the treated wastewater remains in the discharged water without being removed, causing eutrophication of rivers and lakes.

As one of effective means for removing nitrogen compounds, a purification treatment method utilizing photosynthetic bacteria is known. This treatment method is a photosynthetic bacterium that performs non-oxygen generating photosynthesis under anaerobic conditions, and utilizes the nitrogen absorption ability that is significantly superior to other anaerobic microorganisms, and particularly, BOD is 1000 ppm or more. That is, it is applicable to the treatment of concentrated organic wastewater. However, since photosynthetic bacteria take in carbon dioxide in the air as a carbon source by a photosynthetic reaction, they have no ability to remove carbon compounds in wastewater.

Therefore, a wastewater treatment method has been studied in which a purification treatment method utilizing photosynthetic bacteria and another purification treatment method are combined to remove both carbon compounds and nitrogen compounds at a high rate. However, the conventional photosynthetic bacterium treatment in which the wastewater to be treated is supplied to a suitable culture tank with a stirrer and the photosynthetic bacteria are grown under illumination to absorb nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. Due to the outflow of cells,
The number of bacteria in the tank may drop to a remarkably low level and the treatment purpose may not be achieved. In such a case, it is necessary to supplement the cultured cells separately or to wash the culture tank and restart the apparatus. Further, there is a problem that equipment cost, electric power cost, management cost and the like are increased by performing the photosynthetic bacterial treatment and the other microbial treatment in separate treatment tanks.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to easily treat carbon compounds by treating wastewater while stably growing a microorganism having excellent ability to decompose carbon compounds and a photosynthetic bacterium having excellent ability to absorb nitrogen compounds in a single reactor. And to provide means for removing nitrogenous compounds from wastewater.

[Means for Solving the Problems]

Means adopted by the present invention to achieve the above object is to fix photosynthetic bacteria and methanogenic bacteria to a carrier of a reactor equipped with an illuminating means inside and filled with a carrier of microorganisms, keeping the inside of the reactor anaerobic and The wastewater is supplied to the reactor while being illuminated by the illumination means and passed through the packed bed of the microorganism-immobilized carrier.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings showing the outline of a reactor for carrying out the present invention.

The reactor 1 is composed of a main body 2 (a vertically long cylindrical tower-like portion) and a carrier 3 filled therein. As the carrier 3, those which are suitable for immobilizing microorganisms, such as cylindrical ceramics made of porous ceramics and synthetic resin, saddle-shaped ones, spherical ones and the like are used.

The main body 2 has a treated wastewater supply port 4 at the bottom, a treated wastewater outlet 5 near the top of the side wall, and a gas outlet 6 at the top.

At the center of the reactor 1 is a lighting device 7 which is embedded in the carrier 3. As the lighting device 7, in addition to an electric lamp, a device that introduces sunlight into the reactor 1 using an optical fiber to illuminate it may be used.

In order to perform wastewater purification treatment using this reactor 1, microorganisms are first immobilized on the carrier 3. for that purpose,
First, the main body 2 is filled with digested sludge discharged from an arbitrary anaerobic digestion tank to be in an anaerobic state and a temperature of about 37 ° C. is maintained. As a result, the methanogenic bacteria are fixed on the surface of the carrier 3. After that, or in parallel with the above, illumination by the lighting device 7 is performed to allow photosynthetic bacteria to grow on the surface of the carrier 3 in the vicinity of the lighting device 7 (light from the lighting device 7 is blocked by the carrier 3 to a distant place. Since it does not reach, the photosynthetic bacteria grow only on the carrier around the lighting device 7).

The photosynthetic bacterium can be immobilized in a short time by preparing a bacterial suspension in which it is preferentially seeded in another culture tank and supplying it to the main body 1. As the photosynthetic bacteria used in this case, red non-sulfur bacteria and the like are suitable.

Thereafter, while continuing the light irradiation and keeping the inside of the reactor 1 at about 37 ° C., the waste water to be treated is continuously supplied from the supply port 4. The feed rate is selected so that the HRT (retention days) is about 2 to 5 days.

Methanogenic bacteria are obligately anaerobic bacteria and die even at an oxygen concentration of about 0.1 ppm, but because photosynthetic bacteria coexisting in the reactor perform a reaction that consumes oxygen, a strong reduction reaction occurs on the carrier 3 at the bottom of the reactor. Since the bacteria that perform the above also adhere, the oxygen concentration in the wastewater rapidly decreases as it flows upward in the reactor 1, and a high degree of anaerobic condition necessary for methanogenic bacteria is formed. As a result, in the reactor 1, the intake of the nitrogen compound by the photosynthetic bacteria and the decomposition reaction of the carbon compound by the methanogenic bacteria occur in parallel, and the wastewater in which the nitrogen compound concentration and the carbon compound concentration have decreased is finally the wastewater outlet. 5 is discharged out of the apparatus.

During this time, if the intensity and distribution of the illumination by the illumination device 7 is adjusted according to the composition of the wastewater to be treated (especially the nitrogen compound concentration) and the activity of the photosynthetic bacteria in the reactor 1 is adjusted to the optimum state, power consumption is saved and efficiency is reduced. It can perform good processing.

The methane gas generated from the carbon compound by the action of the methane-producing bacteria passes through the gap between the carriers 3 and rises in the reactor 1, and finally is discharged from the gas discharge port 6 to the outside of the apparatus.

As described above, a high degree of purification treatment by a single treatment device is achieved.

Microorganisms grown during the treatment gradually leave the carrier 3 and the side wall of the main body 2 and enter the wastewater, and are discharged out of the apparatus along with the treated wastewater, but some of them are excessively accumulated on the carrier 3 or between the carriers 3. This increases the flow resistance of the wastewater to be treated. This excess bacterial cell can be eliminated by flowing tap water into the reactor 1 several times.

〔Example〕

 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples.

Example 1 An artificial sewage treatment experiment was conducted using the same reactor as described above. As the reactor 1, a reactor 2 made of acrylic resin and having a volume of 30 l was filled with a saddle-shaped porous ceramic carrier 3.

The reactor was filled with digested sludge discharged from the anaerobic digestion tank of the municipal sewage treatment plant to be in an anaerobic state, and allowed to stand at 37 ° C. for 3 days. After that, artificial sewage (acetic acid 4,000 mg / l, peptone 1,500 mg / l, sucrose 1,000 mg / l) was supplied from the treated wastewater supply port at a flow rate of HRT 3 days, and in about 2 weeks,
It was confirmed that the methanogenic bacteria derived from digested sludge were immobilized on the carrier surface.

Separately, while maintaining digested sludge at 37 ° C in an anaerobic state, approximately 2,000L
The light of UX was irradiated for 7 days, whereby the sludge 1 in which photosynthetic bacteria were preferentially seeded was supplied to the reactor after fixing the methanogenic bacteria, and lighting by the lighting device installed in the center was started (in the center of the reactor) Average illuminance about 2,000 LU
X).

After the lapse of 2 weeks, the artificial sewage supply was resumed under the above conditions while illuminating with an artificial light source only during the day, and continuous treatment was performed for 30 days. Sewage discharged from the treated wastewater outlet was collected in a settling tank and allowed to stand still, and the supernatant was analyzed as treated water.
Further, the amount of gas flowing out from the gas outlet was measured by a flow meter to determine the amount of gas generated by the treatment, and further the methane content in the generated gas was determined by gas chromatography.

Table 1 shows the experimental results (average value during 30 days of operation). For comparison, the results of treatment by the same reactor except that only photosynthetic bacteria were immobilized are also shown.

As is clear from the results in Table 1, the treatment method of the present invention in which a reactor in which methanogenic bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria are symbiotic is used efficiently removes both carbon compounds and nitrogen compounds in a single reactor. You can

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, in which photosynthetic bacteria and methanogenic bacteria are immobilized in a reactor filled with a carrier, and the interior of the reactor is partially illuminated to appropriately activate the photosynthetic bacteria to perform wastewater treatment. For example, it is possible to efficiently remove both carbon compounds and nitrogen compounds such as organic acids with a single device.
Advanced treatment of organic wastewater can be performed very efficiently with low equipment maintenance cost and management cost.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view of a reactor used for carrying out the present invention. 1: Reactor, 2: Reactor body 3: Carrier, 4: Treated wastewater supply port 5: Treated wastewater outflow port, 6: Gas discharge port 7: Lighting device

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Wastewater while fixing photosynthetic bacteria and methanogenic bacteria to a carrier of a reactor which is provided with an illuminating means inside and is filled with a microbial carrier, keeping the inside of the reactor in an anaerobic state and performing illumination by the illuminating means. Is supplied to a reactor and passed through the packed bed of the microorganism-immobilized carrier, which is a wastewater treatment method.