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JPH0799689B2 - Sealed metal-hydrogen secondary battery - Google Patents
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JPH0799689B2 - Sealed metal-hydrogen secondary battery - Google Patents

Sealed metal-hydrogen secondary battery

Info

Publication number
JPH0799689B2
JPH0799689B2 JP63060786A JP6078688A JPH0799689B2 JP H0799689 B2 JPH0799689 B2 JP H0799689B2 JP 63060786 A JP63060786 A JP 63060786A JP 6078688 A JP6078688 A JP 6078688A JP H0799689 B2 JPH0799689 B2 JP H0799689B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
battery
hydrogen
storage alloy
hydrogen storage
powder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP63060786A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH01235157A (en
Inventor
誠司 亀岡
修弘 古川
健次 井上
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sanyo Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority to JP63060786A priority Critical patent/JPH0799689B2/en
Publication of JPH01235157A publication Critical patent/JPH01235157A/en
Publication of JPH0799689B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0799689B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/24Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
    • H01M4/242Hydrogen storage electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 (イ) 産業上の利用分野 本発明は、水素吸蔵合金から成る負極と、金属酸化物か
ら成る正極と、セパレータと、アルカリ電解液とから構
成される密閉型金属−水素二次電池に関するものであ
る。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (a) Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a hermetically sealed metal composed of a negative electrode made of a hydrogen storage alloy, a positive electrode made of a metal oxide, a separator, and an alkaline electrolyte. The present invention relates to a hydrogen secondary battery.

(ロ) 従来の技術 水素吸蔵合金を負極に備えたアルカリ二次電池は、例え
ばニッケル酸化物正極と組み合せたニッケル−水素電池
として知られているが、従来用いられている負極として
カドミウム極を用いるニツケル−カドミウム二次電池よ
りも、種々の点で優れているため、これに代わる新しい
電池として、近年、研究開発が盛んに行われている。そ
してこの水素吸蔵合金電極を負極に備えた二次電池は、
負極を構成する水素吸蔵合金組成を適当に選択すること
により、長寿命で且つ高エネルギー密度を得ることが可
能である。この金属−水素電池のサイクル寿命に係る最
も大きな因子は、負極に用いる水素吸蔵合金のアルカリ
電解液に対する耐蝕性であると考えられている。この点
に注目して、従来よりこの種二次電池用合金として、多
数の合金組成が提案されている。(例えば特開昭60−89
066号公報、特開昭61−233969号公報参照)。
(B) Conventional technology An alkaline secondary battery provided with a hydrogen storage alloy in the negative electrode is known as a nickel-hydrogen battery combined with a nickel oxide positive electrode, for example, but a cadmium electrode is used as the negative electrode that has been conventionally used. Since the nickel-cadmium secondary battery is superior to the nickel-cadmium secondary battery in various points, research and development have been actively conducted in recent years as a new battery to replace it. And the secondary battery provided with this hydrogen storage alloy electrode in the negative electrode is
It is possible to obtain a long life and a high energy density by appropriately selecting the composition of the hydrogen storage alloy that constitutes the negative electrode. It is considered that the largest factor relating to the cycle life of this metal-hydrogen battery is the corrosion resistance of the hydrogen storage alloy used for the negative electrode to the alkaline electrolyte. Focusing on this point, many alloy compositions have been conventionally proposed as alloys for secondary batteries of this kind. (For example, JP-A-60-89
See 066 and JP-A-61-233969).

しかし、金属−水素二次電池の場合、水素吸蔵合金の耐
アルカリ性以外に負極の充電効率もサイクル寿命に大き
く関与することが、本発明者の検討により知得された。
即ち、負極の充電効率が悪いと、充電時に負極では副反
応として水素の発生が起こる。一旦水素が発生すると、
電池内で消費することは困難であり、それが極めて微量
であっても、充放電サイクルを繰り返すにつれて電池内
に蓄積されていき電池内圧上昇を招く。
However, in the case of a metal-hydrogen secondary battery, it was found by the study of the present inventor that the charging efficiency of the negative electrode has a great influence on the cycle life in addition to the alkali resistance of the hydrogen storage alloy.
That is, if the charging efficiency of the negative electrode is low, hydrogen is generated as a side reaction in the negative electrode during charging. Once hydrogen is generated,
It is difficult to consume in the battery, and even if the amount is extremely small, it is accumulated in the battery as the charge / discharge cycle is repeated, and the internal pressure of the battery rises.

(ハ) 発明が解決しようとする課題 本発明は前記問題点に鑑みなされたものであって、充電
時の負極からの水素ガスの発生を抑制し、電池系内水素
ガス滞留による内圧上昇を抑えると共にこれに伴う電解
液の漏液を防止し、この種密閉型金属−水素二次電池の
サイクル寿命及び信頼性の向上を計ることを課題とす
る。
(C) Problems to be Solved by the Invention The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and suppresses the generation of hydrogen gas from the negative electrode during charging and suppresses an increase in internal pressure due to retention of hydrogen gas in the battery system. At the same time, it is an object to prevent the electrolyte from leaking due to this and to improve the cycle life and reliability of this type of sealed metal-hydrogen secondary battery.

(ニ) 課題を解決するための手段 本発明は、水素吸蔵合金からなる負極と、正極と、セパ
レータと、アルカリ電解液とから構成される密閉型金属
−水素二次電池において、前記水素吸蔵合金からなる負
極は、水素吸蔵合金粉体よりも低融点かつ高水素過電圧
を有する金属粉体と、水素吸蔵合金粉体との混合物を、
真空下或いは不活性雰囲気下で、前記金属粉体の融点以
上かつ水素吸蔵合金粉体の融点未満の温度で熱処理した
混合粉体から構成されることを特徴とするものである。
(D) Means for Solving the Problems The present invention relates to a sealed metal-hydrogen secondary battery including a negative electrode made of a hydrogen storage alloy, a positive electrode, a separator, and an alkaline electrolyte, wherein the hydrogen storage alloy is used. The negative electrode composed of a metal powder having a lower melting point and a higher hydrogen overvoltage than the hydrogen storage alloy powder, and a mixture of the hydrogen storage alloy powder,
It is characterized in that it is composed of a mixed powder which is heat-treated under a vacuum or an inert atmosphere at a temperature not lower than the melting point of the metal powder and lower than the melting point of the hydrogen storage alloy powder.

(ホ) 作用 本発明によれば、水素吸蔵合金の表面層に、高水素過電
圧の金属が、拡散、浸透し、水素吸蔵合金の充電効率が
上昇する。したがって、充電時に負極から余剰の水素ガ
ス発生を抑制でき、充放電サイクル時の電池内圧上昇を
防ぐことができる。
(E) Action According to the present invention, a metal having a high hydrogen overvoltage diffuses and permeates into the surface layer of the hydrogen storage alloy to increase the charging efficiency of the hydrogen storage alloy. Therefore, generation of excess hydrogen gas from the negative electrode during charging can be suppressed, and an increase in battery internal pressure during charge / discharge cycles can be prevented.

(ヘ) 実 施 例 以下に、本発明と比較例の対比に言及し、詳述する。(F) Examples Hereinafter, the comparison between the present invention and comparative examples will be described in detail.

〔本発明〕[Invention]

LaとNiとCoとのモル比が1:2:3となるように秤量した
後、アルゴン不活性雰囲気下のアーク炉で、上記三者を
熔解させて、LaNi2Co3という組成の水素吸蔵合金(m.p.
約2000℃)を作製する。
After weighing so that the molar ratio of La, Ni and Co is 1: 2: 3, the above three are melted in an arc furnace under an inert atmosphere of argon, and hydrogen storage of the composition LaNi 2 Co 3 is performed. Alloy (mp
About 2000 ℃).

次にこの合金と、機械的に50μm以下となるように粉砕
した後、400メツシユ以下の粒度のSn粉末(m.p.235℃)
を上記合金粉末重量に対して2重量%添加し、均一に混
合、擂潰する。次いで、この混合粉末を、窒素雰囲気下
300℃で24時間熱処理する。
Next, after crushing this alloy and mechanically to 50 μm or less, Sn powder with a particle size of 400 mesh or less (mp235 ° C)
2% by weight with respect to the weight of the above alloy powder, and uniformly mixed and crushed. Then, this mixed powder is placed under a nitrogen atmosphere.
Heat treatment at 300 ° C for 24 hours.

このような処理を施した混合粉末に対して、結着剤とし
てのポリテトラフルホロエチレン(PTFE)を10重量%の
割合で添加した後、これらを混合してペーストを作製す
る。しかる後、このペーストを集電体の両面に貼り付
け、水素吸蔵合金からなる負極を作製した。この後、こ
の水素吸蔵合金電極を、公知の1.2AH焼結式ニツケル極
及び不織布(セパレータ)と共に巻き取り、電極体を作
製する。次いで、この電極体を電池缶内に挿入、電池缶
及び封口体にスポツト熔接にて正、負極を電気接続した
後、電解液(30wt%KOH水溶液)を注入し、電池缶を封
口して、密閉型金属−水素電池(本発明電池A)を作製
した。
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a binder is added at a ratio of 10% by weight to the mixed powder thus treated, and then mixed to prepare a paste. Then, this paste was attached to both surfaces of the current collector to prepare a negative electrode made of a hydrogen storage alloy. Then, this hydrogen storage alloy electrode is wound together with a known 1.2AH sintered nickel electrode and a non-woven fabric (separator) to produce an electrode body. Next, this electrode body was inserted into a battery can, and the positive and negative electrodes were electrically connected to the battery can and the sealing body by spot welding, and then an electrolytic solution (30 wt% KOH aqueous solution) was injected to seal the battery can. A sealed metal-hydrogen battery (Battery A of the invention) was produced.

〔比較例〕[Comparative example]

水素吸蔵合金電極作製の際に、Snを添加しない他は上記
と同様にして作製した比較電池Bを作製した。
A comparative battery B was manufactured in the same manner as above except that Sn was not added when manufacturing the hydrogen storage alloy electrode.

ここで本発明電池Aと、比較電池Bを用いて充放電サイ
クル試験を行った。このときのサイクル試験条件は、0.
5cで2.5時間充電を行い、0.5cで電池電圧が1.0vに達す
る迄放電を行うというものである。
Here, a charging / discharging cycle test was performed using the battery A of the present invention and the comparative battery B. The cycle test condition at this time is 0.
The battery is charged at 5c for 2.5 hours and discharged at 0.5c until the battery voltage reaches 1.0v.

第1図に、サイクル数進行に伴う電池容量の減少を示し
た。これより本発明電池Aは、比較電池Bに比べ、サイ
クル劣化が抑制されていることがわかる。本発明電池A
においては、500サイクルを経過しても電池容量の低下
がほとんど観察されない。
FIG. 1 shows the decrease in battery capacity as the number of cycles progresses. From this, it is understood that the battery A of the present invention is suppressed in cycle deterioration as compared with the comparative battery B. Inventive Battery A
In, the decrease in battery capacity was hardly observed even after 500 cycles.

一方、サイクル数進行に伴う電池重量の減少を、電池容
量の減少にあわせて、調べた。この結果を、第2図に示
す。これより本発明電池Aは、比較電池Bに比べ、電池
重量の減少が抑制されていることがわかる。これに対
し、比較電池Bでは、ガス発生に伴い電池内に蓄積され
電池の安全弁が作動し、50サイクル辺りから電池重量の
減少が観察される。
On the other hand, the decrease in the battery weight with the progress of the number of cycles was examined according to the decrease in the battery capacity. The results are shown in FIG. From this, it is understood that the battery A of the present invention is suppressed in the reduction of the battery weight as compared with the comparative battery B. On the other hand, in the comparative battery B, accumulation of gas in the battery causes the safety valve of the battery to operate and a decrease in the battery weight is observed from around 50 cycles.

次に、50サイクル時の、充電末期の電池内のガス圧と水
素、酸素及び窒素分圧を調べた。この結果を、第3図に
示す。これより本発明電池Aの電池内部圧は、比較電池
Bに比べ、低いことがわかる。これは、本発明電池A及
び比較電池Bにおいて、窒素及び酸素分圧には差異が観
察されないが、水素分圧において大きな差異があり、前
者は後者の20%以下に抑制されている。
Next, the gas pressure and hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen partial pressures in the battery at the end of charging at 50 cycles were examined. The results are shown in FIG. From this, it is understood that the battery internal pressure of the present invention battery A is lower than that of the comparative battery B. In the present invention battery A and the comparative battery B, no difference is observed in nitrogen and oxygen partial pressures, but there is a large difference in hydrogen partial pressure, and the former is suppressed to 20% or less of the latter.

ここで比較例としては、水素吸蔵合金電極である負極に
Snを添加していないものを用いているが、単にSn粉末を
添加するが熱処理を行なわない水素吸蔵合金との混合体
を使用した負極を用いても、比較電池Bと同様の傾向を
示すことが確認された。
Here, as a comparative example, a negative electrode that is a hydrogen storage alloy electrode
Although the one not containing Sn is used, the same tendency as that of the comparative battery B is exhibited even when the negative electrode using the mixture with the hydrogen storage alloy to which only the Sn powder is added but the heat treatment is not performed is used. Was confirmed.

尚、本発明の実施例に於いては、水素吸蔵合金粉体より
も低融点かつ高水素過電圧を有する添加金属としてSnを
例示したが、他の低融点、高水素過電圧の金属、例えば
Zn、Cd、Ga、In、Bi、Pb、Sb、Hg、Tl等の単体金属や、
それらから構成される合金を用いた場合でも同様の効果
が得られる。
In the examples of the present invention, Sn was exemplified as the additive metal having a lower melting point and a higher hydrogen overvoltage than the hydrogen storage alloy powder, but other low melting point, high hydrogen overvoltage metals, for example,
Zn, Cd, Ga, In, Bi, Pb, Sb, Hg, Tl and other simple metals,
Similar effects can be obtained even when an alloy composed of them is used.

(ト) 発明の効果 本発明によれば、負極に用いる水素吸蔵合金の表面層
は、高水素過電圧の金属により被覆され改質されている
ため、負極の充電効率が上昇する。したがって充電時に
負極から余剰の水素ガス発生が抑制され、充放電サイク
ル時の電池内圧の上昇及びこれに伴う漏液を抑え、電池
のサイクル寿命及び信頼性を向上させることができ、そ
の工業的価値はきわめて大きい。
(G) Effect of the Invention According to the present invention, since the surface layer of the hydrogen storage alloy used for the negative electrode is coated and modified with a metal having a high hydrogen overvoltage, the charging efficiency of the negative electrode is increased. Therefore, generation of excess hydrogen gas from the negative electrode during charging is suppressed, the rise in battery internal pressure during charge / discharge cycles and the resulting leakage of liquid can be suppressed, and the cycle life and reliability of the battery can be improved, and its industrial value. Is extremely large.

【図面の簡単な説明】 第1図は連続サイクル試験における電池容量の推移を示
す図、第2図は連続サイクル試験における電池重量の減
少の変化を示す図、第3図は50サイクル時の電池内のガ
ス組成とその分圧を示す図である。 A……本発明電池、B……比較電池。
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagram showing changes in battery capacity in a continuous cycle test, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing changes in battery weight decrease in a continuous cycle test, and FIG. 3 is a battery at 50 cycles. It is a figure which shows the gas composition in it and its partial pressure. A: battery of the present invention, B: comparative battery.

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】水素吸蔵合金からなる負極と、正極と、セ
パレータと、アルカリ電解液とから構成される密閉型金
属−水素二次電池において、 前記水素吸蔵合金からなる負極は、水素吸蔵合金粉体よ
りも低融点かつ高水素過電圧を有する金属粉体と、水素
吸蔵合金粉体との混合物を、真空下或いは不活性雰囲気
下で、前記金属粉体の融点以上かつ水素吸蔵合金粉体の
融点未満の温度で熱処理した混合粉体から構成されるこ
とを特徴とする密閉型金属−水素二次電池。
1. A sealed metal-hydrogen secondary battery comprising a negative electrode made of a hydrogen storage alloy, a positive electrode, a separator, and an alkaline electrolyte, wherein the negative electrode made of the hydrogen storage alloy is a hydrogen storage alloy powder. A mixture of a metal powder having a lower melting point and a higher hydrogen overvoltage than the body and a hydrogen storage alloy powder, under vacuum or in an inert atmosphere, at least the melting point of the metal powder and the melting point of the hydrogen storage alloy powder A sealed metal-hydrogen secondary battery comprising a mixed powder that is heat-treated at a temperature lower than.
【請求項2】前記金属粉体が、Zn、Cd、Ga、In、Sn、B
i、Pb、Sb、Hg及びTlから選ばれた単体元素、或いはこ
れらから構成される合金であることを特徴とする請求項
記載の密閉型金属−水素二次電池。
2. The metal powder is Zn, Cd, Ga, In, Sn, B.
The sealed metal-hydrogen secondary battery according to claim 1, which is a single element selected from i, Pb, Sb, Hg, and Tl, or an alloy composed of these.
JP63060786A 1988-03-15 1988-03-15 Sealed metal-hydrogen secondary battery Expired - Fee Related JPH0799689B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP63060786A JPH0799689B2 (en) 1988-03-15 1988-03-15 Sealed metal-hydrogen secondary battery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP63060786A JPH0799689B2 (en) 1988-03-15 1988-03-15 Sealed metal-hydrogen secondary battery

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH01235157A JPH01235157A (en) 1989-09-20
JPH0799689B2 true JPH0799689B2 (en) 1995-10-25

Family

ID=13152325

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP63060786A Expired - Fee Related JPH0799689B2 (en) 1988-03-15 1988-03-15 Sealed metal-hydrogen secondary battery

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0799689B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6951041B2 (en) * 2017-07-12 2021-10-20 株式会社Soken Rechargeable battery system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH01235157A (en) 1989-09-20

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