JPH0810398B2 - piano - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a piano capable of detecting the return speed of a key.

2. Description of the Related Art The operation of an automatic performance piano includes a recording mode for recording a performance by a player and an automatic performance mode for performing an automatic performance based on recorded performance information (or performance information supplied from the outside). Then, in the recording mode, when recording the performance by the player, it is necessary to measure the speed at which the hammer for striking the string strikes the string and convert this to an electric signal. For this measurement, the conventional automatic piano is provided with a key position sensor that detects a key pressing position at one point and a hammer position sensor that detects a hammer passing position at two points. Then, key pressing and key releasing are detected by the output signal of the key position sensor, and the string striking speed is detected by the time when the hammer passes the hammer position sensor. In addition, as a simple structure, there is one in which a key position sensor for detecting the position of the key at two points is provided, and the string striking speed is estimated based on the time when the key passes through these two points.

In the above-described automatic playing piano, the string striking speed when a key depression is detected is output as the velocity of the MIDI signal.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] By the way, the touch when the player returns the key slightly changes depending on the playing mode such as legato or staccato and the musical tone. The difference in the touches changes the speed at which the keys return, and this change affects how the damper stops the strings. That is, depending on the touch of the performer, the strings may be stopped suddenly (at staccato, as shown in FIG. 24) or gently stopped (at legato,
(See Figure 25). Therefore, in order to reproduce the performance faithfully, it is necessary to detect the key return speed during the manual performance and control the key return speed during the automatic performance according to the detection result.

However, in an automatic playing piano of the type in which the position of the key is detected at one point, the return speed of the key cannot be detected.

Further, in the conventional device that detects the position of the key at two points, the return speed of the key can be detected for the time being, but only the average speed when passing between the two points can be detected. There was a drawback in that it was not possible to cope with changes in touch during that time. Moreover, since the distance between the two points is set to the position for detecting the key depression / key release, there is a problem that the interval is too large for speed detection and sufficient resolution cannot be obtained. . In this case, the key return speed is most important at the timing when the damper starts to stop the strings, and faithful reproduction of the performance cannot be expected by detecting the average speed and the speed at other timings. Therefore, it is necessary to perform velocity measurement with high resolution at the most important timing.

Further, in the conventional automatic playing piano, the detection position is fixed, so that it is not possible to select an appropriate position.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances,
An object of the present invention is to provide a piano that can detect the return speed of a key with high accuracy at the most important timing and that can change the measurement position appropriately.

"Means for Solving the Problems" In order to solve the above problems, in the invention described in claim 1, as shown in FIG.
Position detection means 2 for detecting the position of the key at at least three different positions including a specific position where the damper stops the key, and timing is performed according to the detection result of the position detection means 2. Three or more different positions are detected according to the detection result of the time measuring means 5 and the position detecting means 2 and the time measuring result of the time measuring means 5, and in the key pressing process, the sound generation timing or the sound generation timing is detected based on the detection timing. Estimating means 6 for estimating the string striking speed, determining means 3 for determining whether or not the position of the key detected by the position detecting means 2 in the key releasing process corresponds to the specific position, and this determination. When the means determines that the key corresponds to the specific position, the return speed of the key is calculated based on the passage time between the specific position and the predetermined position that has passed before, according to the timing result of the timing means 5. It is characterized by comprising a calculating unit 4 for.

Further, in the invention according to claim 2, the calculating means 4 has a table in which the relationship between the speed at the moment when the key passes the specific position and the passing time is stored in advance, and this table is used. The key return speed corresponding to the passage time is calculated.

"Operation" The position detecting means 2 detects the position of the key at at least three different positions including the specific position where the damper stops the key, and the timing means 5 responds to the detection result of the position detecting means 2. Time. On the other hand, the estimating means 6 uses the position detecting means 2
3 or more different positions are detected in accordance with the detection result of 1) and the timing result of the timing means 5, and in the key pressing process, the sounding timing or the string striking speed is estimated based on the timing of the detection, while the determination means is determined. 3 is the key release process,
It is determined whether or not the position of the key detected by the position detecting means 2 corresponds to the above-mentioned specific position, and further the calculating means 4
However, when the determination unit 3 determines that the key corresponds to the specific position, the return of the key is performed based on the passage time between the specific position and the predetermined position that has passed before, according to the timing result of the timing unit 5. Calculate speed. That is, the determination unit 3 can arbitrarily select the specific position, and the key return speed is calculated based on the passage time in the vicinity of the specific position.

Further, in the invention according to claim 2, since a table in which the relationship between the speed at the moment when the key passes through the specific position and the passage time is stored in advance in the calculating means 4, is provided. Can be used to calculate the key return speed with high accuracy.

[Examples] Examples of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

(1) Configuration of Embodiment FIG. 2 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of an embodiment of the present invention. In this figure, the automatic piano 71 is a keyboard composed of a plurality of keys 73, a string striking mechanism 77 for transmitting the movement of each key 73 to a hammer 75, a string 79 strung by the hammer 75, and a string 79.
Damper 78 for suppressing vibration of the pedal, a pedal mechanism (not shown), and a solenoid (seventh
(See reference numeral 80 in the figure).

The key 73 is swingable around the balance pin 81, and when the key 73 is pressed or the plunger is projected from the solenoid 83 to rotate the key 73, this movement causes the string striking mechanism 77. Is transmitted to the hammer 75 and the damper 78 via. As a result, the damper 78 separates from the string, and the hammer 75 rotates to the left in the drawing to strike the string.

A shutter 87 is attached to the key 73.
A position sensor 89 is provided within the movement range of 87. As shown in FIG. 5, the position sensor 89 includes photointerrupters FC1 and FC2 provided at a predetermined distance in the horizontal direction.
The position of the key 73 is detected from the combination of the detection signals of.

Here, the principle of position detection will be described. FIG. 5 shows a relative positional relationship between the shutter 87 and the photointerrupters FC1 and FC2, in which the shutter 87 is fixed. Note that the positions of the photointerrupters FC1 and FC2 are actually fixed, and the shutter 87 moves up and down with respect to this.

First, the photo interrupters FC1 and FC1
When the position of 2 is at the first measurement point L1, the photo interrupter FC1
Light is cut off and the photo interrupter FC2 is in a light transmitting state, and the detection signal is on. The first measurement point L1 is a position where the shutter 87 is first shielded from light by operating the key 73. Next, the key 73 starts to be pressed and the shutter
When the positions of the photo interrupters FC1 and FC2 with respect to 87 reach the second measurement point L2, both detection signals of the photo interrupters FC1 and FC2 are turned off. In addition, the photo interrupter FC1,
When the position of FC2 becomes relatively the position of the third measurement point L3, the detection signal of the photo interrupter FC1 turns on and the detection signal of the photo interrupter FC2 turns off. Then, when the key 73 is pressed until just before the key is pressed, the photo interrupters FC1, FC2
Is the position of the fourth measurement point L4, and both detection signals are in the ON state. Where each photo interrupter FC
FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the output state (detection signal) of 1, FC2 and the detection position.

The change (locus) of the position of the key 73 is, for example, as shown in FIG. The left part of this figure shows the case where the key release is performed extremely quickly, and the right part shows the case where the key release is performed relatively slowly. As illustrated, the key speed in the key pressing process is not constant. For example, the key pressing speed is different between the portion a1 and the portion a2. Further, the speed of the portion b is also different from the speed at the beginning of pushing.

4 is a timing chart showing the movement of the hammer 75 corresponding to the movement of the key 73. The left side of FIG. 4 corresponds to the movement of the key on the left side of FIG. 3, and the right side of FIG. This corresponds to the key movement on the right side of FIG. As can be seen from this drawing, the final striking strength is affected by the change in the velocity of the key.

Next, the output signal of the position sensor 89 shown in FIG. 2 is supplied to the controller 85, where the position is determined. The controller 85 has the configuration shown in FIG. In the figure, a main microcomputer 91 controls each section of the circuit. Under the control of the main microcomputer 91, a local microcomputer 93 for controlling a floppy disk and a microcomputer 95 for key scanning operate. Has become. Also, the main microcomputer 91 has a CPU, an RO
It has M, RAM, EEPROM, backup RAM, etc. and has a logical operation function, so that it can input / output data to / from an external circuit connected to the input / output unit via the common bus. .

The operation panel 97 has various switches operated by an operator, and receives switch information output from a remote control switch.
The local microcomputer 93 supplies to the main microcomputer 91 the switch information obtained by scanning each switch on the operation panel 97 and the switch information supplied from the remote operation switch. Also, the local microcomputer 93 is a floppy disk driver.
By controlling 99, the performance information read from the floppy disk 101 is supplied to the main microcomputer 91, and the performance information output from the main microcomputer 91 is written to the floppy disk 101. further,
The local microcomputer 93 has a MIDI input / output unit 103
It sends and receives MIDI information to and from an external electronic musical instrument via the. Therefore, the main microcomputer
The 91 can exchange MIDI information with an external electronic musical instrument via the local microcomputer 93. As is well known, the MIDI information includes velocity, which is string striking strength information.

On the other hand, the key scanning microcomputer 95 sequentially scans the output signal of the position sensor 89 for each key and, based on the output signals, a code indicating the position of the key 73, that is, a first measurement point L1 to a fourth measurement point L4. Is supplied to the main microcomputer 91. Further, a key code specifying the pressed key is also supplied to the main microcomputer 91 at the same time.

The main microcomputer 91 measures the passing time at each measurement point based on the supplied position code. In this case, since the distance between the measurement points L1 to L4 is known and does not change, the measured time difference becomes data corresponding to the key speed as it is. That is, the main microcomputer 91 substantially measures the key speed. Then, the main microcomputer 91 estimates the keystroke strength from the measured time difference (details will be described later). Also,
The main microcomputer 91 creates performance information from the information indicating the depression / release of the pedal, which is supplied from the sensor 90 added to the pedal mechanism, the above-mentioned estimation result and the like. Further, when the performance information read from the floppy disk 101 is supplied via the local microcomputer 93, the main microcomputer 91 controls the solenoid driver according to the information, whereby the solenoid driver can operate the solenoid 83 for the key and the solenoid 83 for the key. The solenoid 80 for the pedal is driven to perform an automatic performance.

In the figure, reference numeral 107 denotes a power supply unit for supplying power to each unit of the apparatus.

(2) Operation of Embodiment Next, the operation of this embodiment having the above-described configuration will be described.

FIG. 8 shows a main routine executed by the main microcomputer 91, which is started in the recording mode and is repeatedly executed at predetermined time intervals.

First, in step SP1, the key register is initialized. The key register is a register set in the RAM in the main microcomputer 91 and has storage areas corresponding to the key numbers NO1 to NO88 as shown in FIG. Each storage area has each measurement point L1 to L4
The measurement point data Ln indicating either of the above is written. In addition, n shows the position of each measurement point.

Next, proceeding to step SP2, it is judged whether or not the position scanning indicating the position of the measuring point and the key code are supplied from the key scanning microcomputer 95. If the determination is "NO", the determination in step SP2 is repeated until the determination becomes "YES". When the determination in step SP2 is "YES", the process proceeds to step SP3, the position code and the key code supplied from the key scanning microcomputer 95 are decoded, and these are converted into key number data Kn and measurement point data Ln. . Then, when the flow proceeds to step SP4, the position data Ln- ₁ previously stored is read from the storage area of the number corresponding to the key number data Kn in the key register (see FIG. 9). However,
If the current position data Ln is the first data, there is no previous data.

Next, in step SP5, the previous position data Ln is written in the corresponding storage area in the key register. Then, the process proceeds to step SP6, where the previous position data Ln- ₁ is compared with the current position data Ln, and it is determined whether there is an error in the key scanning based on the continuity. That is, if the position detection by the position sensor 89 is normally performed, the position data at the time of key depression is the measurement point L1 → L2 → L3 → L4
The position data at the time of key return is opposite to the above, and the measurement point L4 → L3 → L2 → L1
Should be updated sequentially to indicate. If this is an error, that is, if position data is not obtained at any of the measurement points, the position data is not updated in the order described above. The determination in step SP6 is performed based on this principle, and if the position data Ln and Ln- ₁ are not in a regular relationship, it is determined that an error has occurred. Next, the process proceeds to step SP7, and it is determined whether or not an error determination is made, and if "YES", the process returns to step SP2 again. If no error determination is made, the subroutine processing of steps SP8 to SP15 is performed depending on which measurement point the position data Ln indicates and whether the key movement is in the key pressing process or the key returning process. Do. The processing of each subroutine will be described below separately for the key pressing process and the key returning process.

A: Key pressing process Step SP8 (L1 key pressing processing routine) FIG. 11 shows a flowchart of this processing routine.
In step SPa1 shown in FIG. 11, the key portion of the key event register, that is, the portion corresponding to the key number of the pressed key is initialized. Here, the key event register is a register set in the RAM of the main microcomputer 91 shown in FIG. 7, and its memory map is shown in FIG. The key event register has storage blocks corresponding to the key numbers NO1 to NO88.
It consists of memory areas ar1 to ar9. Storage area ar
1 to ar4 store the passing times of the measurement points L1 to L4 when the key is pressed, and the storage areas ar5 and ar6 store the passing times of the measurement points L2 and L3 when the key returns. .
In addition, the estimated keystroke speed V is stored in the storage area ar7,
The sound generation timing T is stored in the storage area ar8, and an on / off flag indicating key-on (note-on) or key-off (note-off) is provided in the storage area ar9.

Next, in step SPa2, the current time is written as data TL1 in the storage area ar1 of the storage block corresponding to the number of the pressed key. After this processing, the process returns to the main routine (see FIG. 8).

Step SP9 (L2 key-depressing process routine) A flowchart of this process routine is shown in FIG.
First, in step SPb1, the current time is written as data TL2 in the storage area ar2 of the storage block corresponding to the number of the key being pressed. Then, in step SPb2, the data TL1 is subtracted from the data TL2, and the estimated keystroke speed V is calculated from this time difference (corresponding to the key speed) based on the table. This table is set in the ROM in the main microcomputer 91 shown in FIG. The contents of the table are as shown in FIG. That is, the horizontal axis is a logarithmic scale ln (TLn−TLn ₋₁ ) of the time difference,
With the vertical axis representing the estimated stringing velocity V, the estimated stringing velocity V2 is calculated from the logarithmic value of the time difference.

Next, in step SPb3, it is determined whether or not the estimated speed V2 calculated in step SPb2 is within a range between predetermined reference limit speeds v1L and v1H. If it deviates from this range, it means that the key scanning is abnormal. For example, when the speed is lower than the lower limit speed limit v1L, the key is depressed very slowly, and this is a case where normal key operation is impossible. In addition, the case where the speed exceeds the upper limit reference speed v1H is, for example, a case as shown in e1 of FIG. 20, that is, a case where the key and the hammer move at high speed with no load without interlocking with the hammer.

If the estimated stringing speed V2 is within the normal range, step SPb3
Is "YES", and the routine proceeds to step SPb4. In step SPb4, the sounding timing T2 is obtained from the estimated string striking speed V2 based on a table. This table is set in the ROM in the main microcomputer 91 shown in FIG. 7, and its contents are as shown in FIG. That is, when the estimated string striking speed is on the vertical axis and the logarithm lnT of the sounding timing is on the horizontal axis, the sounding timing T is calculated based on the illustrated straight lines l1 to l3. However, the straight line l1 is the first measurement point L1
Is a line used when calculating the estimated stringing speed V2 based on the passage time of the section from the second measurement point L2 to the second measurement point L2. Similarly, the straight lines l2 and l3 are the lines of the second measurement point L2 to the third measurement point L3, respectively. This is a line used when calculating the estimated string striking speeds V3 and V4 based on the section and the passing time of the section from the third measurement point L3 to the fourth measurement point L4. Therefore, in step SPb4, the straight line l1
Is calculated based on the sound generation timing T2.

After the process of step SPb4, the process proceeds to step SPb5, where the estimated string striking speed V2 and the sounding timing T2 are written as the estimated string striking speed V and the sounding timing T in the storage areas ar7 and ar8 in the key event register, respectively, and the process returns.

On the other hand, if "NO" is determined in step SPb3, the vertical operation is abnormal, so the key event register is not written and the process immediately returns.

Step SP10 (L3 key depression processing routine) FIG. 13 shows a flowchart of this processing routine.
In step SPc1 shown in the figure, the current time is written as data TL3 in the storage area ar3 (see FIG. 10) of the storage block corresponding to the number of the pressed key. Then, the process proceeds to step SPc2, in which the data TL2 is subtracted from the data TL3, and the estimated string striking speed V3 is calculated from the time difference based on a table (see FIG. 21). Next, proceeding to step SPc3, it is determined whether or not the estimated stringing speed v is in the range of v2L ≦ V3 ≦ v2H. V2L and v2H in this decision
Are the lower limit value and the upper limit value for determining whether the key operation is abnormal, and are set in advance based on experiments and the like in the same manner as v1L and v1H described above. In this way, the lower limit value and the upper limit value for abnormal operation determination are set in step SPb3.
The difference from the case of (see FIG. 12) is that the key speed in the case of an abnormal operation differs depending on the position of the key depression.

There is no abnormal key operation, and the result of the determination in step SPc3 is “YE
When "S" is reached, step SPc4 is proceeded to, and tone generation timing T3 is calculated from estimated string striking speed V3. This calculation is performed based on the straight line l2 shown in FIG. Then, the process proceeds to step SPc5, and it is determined whether or not the estimated striking speed V3 and the sounding timing T are already stored in the area ar7 or the area ar8 of the key event register (see FIG. 10). If the result of this determination is "YES", that is, if the processing of steps SPb4 and SPb5 has been performed in the L2 key depression processing subroutine (see FIG. 12), the processing moves to step SPc6, where T3 <T
Is determined. If this determination is "YES", the processing moves to step SPc7 and the key event register areas ar7, a
The content of r8 is calculated based on the estimated striking speed V3 and the sounding timing.
Rewrite to T3. After this rewriting, the process returns to the main routine.

On the other hand, if it is determined in step SPc3 of the L2 key depression processing subroutine (see FIG. 12) that the key is an abnormal operation, the areas ar7 and ar8 of the key event register are in the cleared state, and therefore step SPc5 The judgment is “NO”. Therefore, the process immediately proceeds to step SPc7, where the estimated string striking speed V3 and the sound generation timing T3 are written in the areas ar7 and ar8. If the key is abnormally operated and it is determined to be "NO" in step SPc3, the estimated string striking speed V3 and the sounding timing T3 are not calculated, and the process returns.

Step SP11 (L4 key depression time processing routine) FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing the L4 key depression time processing routine. Each step SPd1 in this flowchart
To SPd7 correspond to steps SPc1 to SPc7 shown in FIG. 13, respectively, and have the same processing contents. However, the lower limit value v3L and the upper limit value v3H of the determination in step SPd3 are
A value corresponding to the fourth measurement point L4 is set. Further, the estimated string striking speed V4 and sounding timing T4 corresponding to the measurement point L4 are calculated (see steps Sd2 and Sd4).

As described above, if there is no abnormality in the key operation, the key 73
The estimated string striking speed and sounding timing are calculated each time (see FIG. 2) passes through each of the measurement points L2, L3, L4. And
When the calculated sounding timing T3 or T4 indicates a timing earlier than the sounding timing calculated before that, the data in the key event register is updated to the newly calculated sounding timing and the estimated string striking speed. Therefore, the final estimated stringing speed V and the sounding timing T stored in the storage areas ar7 and ar8 of the key event register when the L4 key-pressing process is completed reflect the change in the key-pressing speed. This corresponds to the string striking speed. If it is determined that the key operation is abnormal at any measurement point, the contents of the storage areas ar7 and ar8 remain cleared.

Key Event Timer Interrupt Processing Routine This processing routine is based on the tone generation timing T stored in the storage area ar8 of the key event register.
This is a processing routine that generates the NOTO ON signal of the I signal in real time. This processing routine is started every 1 ms by a timer interrupt separately from the processing shown in FIG. 8, and FIG. 19 shows a flowchart thereof.

In step SPi1 shown in FIG. 19, “1” is set in the key number register KeyNO. The key number register KeyNO is provided in the RAM in the main microcomputer 91 shown in FIG. Next, step SPi
When the program proceeds to 2, the tone generation timing T stored in the storage area ar8 (see FIG. 10) is read into the accumulator A of the CPU in the main microcomputer 91. And
In step SPi3, it is determined whether the value of the accumulator is “0”. Here, the aforementioned steps SP8 to SP1
If the sounding timing T is calculated for the key number 1 by each subroutine 1, this determination is “NO”.
Therefore, the process proceeds to step SPi4, and the content of the accumulator A is decremented by the value 1. Then, the process proceeds to step SPi5 to store the value of the accumulator A after the subtraction in the same storage area ar8. And step SPi6
It is determined whether or not the content of the accumulator A is "0". If this determination is "YES", the process proceeds to step SPi7
To read the estimated speed data V stored in the storage area ar7 of the key number 1. Then, in step SPi8, a control signal is supplied to the local microcomputer 93 to output a MIDI signal from the MIDI terminal. The MIDI signal output at this time is a NOTE ON signal. NOTE The status byte of the ON signal is displayed in hexadecimal according to the MIDI standard.
9X (X is channel NO). Also, the second MIDI signal
Since the byte data is the note number, the note number corresponding to key number 1 is set. And
Since the third byte is velocity (string striking speed) data, the estimated string striking speed V read in the status SPi7 is set. Also, in status SPi8,
The MIDI signal set as described above is written to the floppy disk 101 via the floppy disk driver 99. Next, in step SPi9, the on / off flag in the storage area ar9 of the key event register is set, and in step SPi10, the key number register KeyNO
The value of is incremented by the value 1. As described above, when the content of the accumulator A becomes “0”, the NOTE ON signal is output by the accumulator A.
The contents of is decremented by 1 by this subroutine activated every 1 ms, so the time when the value of the sounding timing T read into the accumulator A becomes "0" is the sounding time of the string corresponding to the key number. Because it corresponds.

On the other hand, if the decision result in the step SPi6 is "NO", the process immediately proceeds to the step SPi10 and the key number register Key
Increment the value of NO by the value one. This step SP
After the process of i10, the process proceeds to step SPi11. Step SPi1
In 1, it is determined whether or not the content of the key number register KeyNO is "89", and if "NO", the process is performed again from step SPi2. Also, in step SPi3, "YES"
Is determined, the key is not pressed, or the key is determined to be an abnormal operation in the processing of steps SP8 to SP11. In this case, the key number is also set to NOTE ON. No signal is created, and the process immediately proceeds to step SPi10.

Thereafter, the above processing is repeated in a similar manner. That is, the presence or absence of the creation of the NOTE ON signal is sequentially determined for the key numbers 1 to 88, and when the creation is determined, the MID having the estimated stringing speed V in the storage area ar7 as the velocity.
Create an I signal.

When the scanning for all keys is completed, the determination in step SPi11 becomes “YES”, and the process returns to the processing routine before the interruption.

B: Key Return Process Next, each process in the key return process will be described.

When the key is pressed to the final position, the key return process is performed after passing through the position of the measurement point L4. In this key return process, naturally, each measurement point is passed in the order of L4 → L3 → L2 → L1. At each passing point, a subroutine process of steps SP12 to SP15 shown in FIG. 8 is performed. Each process will be described below.

Step SP12 (L4 key return processing routine) When passing the fourth measurement point L4 in the key return process,
Waits for the next third measurement point L3 to pass without processing anything (15th
See figure).

Step SP13 (L3 key return processing routine) When the key 73 passes through the third measurement point L3 in the key return process, this is detected by the processing shown in FIG. 8, and the processing shifts to the processing of the L3 key return processing routine. This processing is processing for storing the current time as data TL3R in the storage area ar6 of the key event register (see FIG. 10) (see step SPf1 in FIG. 16), and after storing, returns to the main routine. .

Step SP14 (L2 key return processing routine) First, in step SPg1 shown in FIG. 17, the current time is stored as the data TL2R in the storage area ar5 of the key event register. Then, the process proceeds to step SPg2, where the data TL3R and TL2R in the storage areas ar5 and ar6 are read, and the estimated key return speed VR is calculated from the time difference (TL3R−TL2R). This calculation is performed according to a table stored in advance in the ROM in the main microcomputer 91 (see FIG. 7). As shown in FIG. 23, when the logarithm of the time difference (TL3R−TL2R) is plotted on the horizontal axis and the estimated key return rate VR is plotted on the vertical axis, the table shows that the estimated key return rate VR is It has become required.

The reason why the estimated key return speed VR is calculated when the key return position is at the second measurement point L2 is as follows. That is, the damper 78 starts to stop the sound of the string 79 (see FIG. 2) when the return position of the key passes the second measurement point L2, and the return speed of the key at this time is the stop effect. It has a great effect on (legato, non-legato, etc.). Therefore, the most important key return speed in the sound stop control is the second
The speed at the measurement point L2. Then, the estimated key return speed VR calculated here corresponds to the player's touch and indicates the degree to which the damper 78 is applied. Step SPg2
The transit time (TL3R-TL2R) between the third measurement point L3 and the second measurement point L2, which is being measured in, has a very strong correlation with the speed at the moment when the key passes through the second measurement point L2. Moreover, the key return speed VR is calculated using the table (see FIG. 23) that stores the relationship between this transit time (TL3R-TL2R) and the speed at which the key passes the measurement point L2. , Step SP
The calculation result in g2 will exactly match the speed at which the key actually passes the second measurement point L2.

Next, at step SPg3, it is determined whether or not the on / off flag in the storage area ar9 in the key event register is "0", that is, whether or not the note is off. Originally, if the key operation is normally performed, at the time when the measurement points L2, L3, and L4 are passed in the key pressing process, the subroutines of the steps SP9 to SP11 (12th
Since the sound generation timing T should have been calculated by the processing of FIG. 14 to FIG.
TE OFF is not determined. However, when the key operation is abnormal, the sound generation timing T is not calculated as described above, so even if the key return process is entered after passing through any one of the measurement points L2, L3, and L4 in the key pressing process, NOTE OFF
May be. Step SPg3 is a determination process for eliminating the case of such an erroneous operation.
When it is determined to be "S" (erroneous operation), the subsequent processing is not performed and the process immediately returns to the main routine. If "NO" is determined in this step SPg3, it is moved to step SPg4 and it is determined whether or not the ON / OFF flag in the storage area ar9 is "1", that is, NOTE ON. . Originally, if "NO" is determined in step SPg3, the determination in step SPg4 should be necessarily "YES", but here, in order to obtain certainty, it is determined whether or not it is NOTE ON again. .

If the determination in step SPg4 is "YES", step SPg
In step 5, a control signal is supplied to the local microcomputer 93 (see FIG. 2) to output a MIDI signal from the MIDI terminal. The MIDI signal output at this time is a NOTE OFF signal. NOTE The status byte of the OFF signal is 8X (X is don't care) in hexadecimal notation according to the MIDI standard. Since the data of the second byte of the MIDI signal is a note number, a note number corresponding to the corresponding key number is set. Since the third byte is velocity (string striking speed) data, the estimated key return speed VR calculated in step SPg2 is set. In step SPg5, the MI set as described above is set.
The DI signal is written to the floppy disk 101 via the floppy disk driver 99. Next, in step SPg6, the on / off flag in the storage area ar9 of the key event register is reset and the process returns to the main routine.

On the other hand, if “YES” is determined in step SPg3 or “NO” is determined in SPg4, the NOTE OFF signal is not generated and the process returns.

Step SP15 (L1 key return processing routine) FIG. 18 shows a flowchart of this processing routine.
Steps SPh1, SPh2, and SPh3 shown in the figure are the same processes as steps SPg3, SPg4, and SPg5 shown in FIG. 17, respectively. However, NOTE OFF created in step SPh3
The velocity included in the signal is the estimated key return speed VR calculated in step SPg5. Thus, when the key reaches the first measurement point L1, the estimated key return speed VR is not calculated again because the key is the second measurement point L2 as described above.
This is because the speed at the time of passing through is the most important for the noise control of the damper. Therefore, in the processing routine shown in FIG. 18, only whether or not the NOTE OFF signal is generated is controlled.

Next, in step SPh4, the storage block (ar1 in the key event register corresponding to the relevant key number is
Clear ~ ar9). Clearing the entire storage block in this way reaches the first measurement point L1 in the key return process, and after a series of key press / key return processes is completed, the storage block is cleared in preparation for a new key press. This is because the contents need to be cleared.

C: Overall Operation As can be seen from the above description, when the operator presses the key 73 below the second measurement point L2, the estimated stringing speed data V and the sounding timing T are changed according to the passing time at each measurement point. A MIDI signal (NOTE ON) that is calculated and has the estimated string velocity data V as the velocity at the time corresponding to the sounding timing T
Is created. Before the generation of the MIDI signal, if there is a change in the key pressing speed, the estimated string striking speed data V is appropriately updated, so the velocity in the MIDI signal reflects the change in the key pressing speed. In the case of an erroneous key operation, the estimated string striking speed data V is not adopted, and the sounding timing T is not calculated. Therefore, no MIDI signal is generated.

On the other hand, in the key return process, an estimated key return speed VR is calculated according to the passing time of each measurement point, and a MIDI signal (NOTE OFF) having this VR as a velocity is created. As described above, when the NOTE OFF signal includes the velocity corresponding to the key return speed, in the automatic playing piano that receives the NOTE OFF signal, it is possible to control the degree of the damper during the mute process.

(3) Modification In the above-described embodiment, the calculation of the estimated striking speed, the sounding timing, and the estimated key return speed are each performed using the table. Instead of the table, a mathematical expression indicating a predetermined operation is stored. May be configured.

Further, the determination of the key operation abnormality may be performed based on the difference in passage time between the measurement points, that is, the key speed itself.

"Effects of the Invention" As described above, according to the inventions of claims 1 and 2, at least three or more different positions of the keys of the piano are included, including a specific position where the damper stops the keys. The position detecting means for detecting the position, the time measuring means for measuring the time according to the detection result of the position detecting means, and the three or more different positions are detected according to the detection result of the position detecting means and the time measuring result of the time measuring means. Then, in the key-pressing process, the estimating means for estimating the sounding timing or the string striking speed based on the detection timing, and whether the key position detected by the position detecting means in the key-releasing process corresponds to the specifying means. When the determination means determines whether or not the particular position corresponds, the communication between the specific position and the predetermined position that has passed before is determined according to the timing result of the timing means. Since the calculating means for calculating the return speed of the key is provided based on the excess time, the return speed of the key can be detected with high accuracy at the most important timing.

Further, in the invention according to claim 2, the calculating means has a table in which a relationship between the speed at the moment when the key passes through the specific position and the passage time is stored in advance, and using this table, the table is stored. Since the key return speed corresponding to the passage time is calculated, the key return speed can be detected with extremely high accuracy.

Therefore, in the invention according to claims 1 and 2, the return state of the key can be controlled at the time of reproduction in accordance with the return speed detected at the time of recording. In this case, open-loop control can be performed based on the speed detection result, and accuracy comparable to feedback control can be obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a basic configuration diagram showing a schematic configuration of the present invention, and FIG.
FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing a mechanical structure of an embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 3 is a timing chart showing a key operation situation, and FIG.
FIG. 5 is a timing chart showing the movement of the hammer corresponding to the key operation shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the shutter 87 and the detection position of the position sensor 89 in the same embodiment, and FIG. FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing the correspondence between the output signal of the sensor and the detection position, FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the electrical configuration of the same embodiment, FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing the main routine in the same embodiment, and FIG. 9 is the same. FIG. 10 is an explanatory view showing a memory map of a key register used in the embodiment, FIG. 10 is an explanatory view showing a memory map of a key event register used in the embodiment, and FIGS. 11 to 19 are subroutines in the embodiment. A flow chart, FIG. 20 is a timing chart showing the movement of keys, and FIG. 21 is a graph showing the contents of a table for calculating the estimated striking speed V.
22 is a graph showing the contents of the table for calculating the sounding timing T, FIG. 23 is a graph showing the contents of the table for calculating the estimated key return speed VR, FIG. 24 and FIG.
FIG. 25 is a timing chart showing the relationship between the position of a key and the amplitude of a string. 1 ... Automatic playing piano, 2 ... position detecting means, 3 ... determining means, 4 ... calculating means, 89 ... position sensor (position detecting means), 91 ... main microcomputer (time measuring means, estimating means, Determination means, calculation means), ROM ... storage means.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A key, a hammer, a string that is struck by the hammer, a string striking mechanism that transmits the motion of the key to the hammer and strikes the hammer, and the string striking mechanism according to the motion of the key. In a piano having a damper for stopping a key, position detecting means for detecting a position of the key at at least three different positions including a specific position where the damper stops the key, and the position detecting means. A time measuring means for measuring time according to the detection result of the means, and three or more different positions are detected according to the detection result of the position detecting means and the time measuring result of the time measuring means, and in the key pressing process, the detection is performed. Estimating means for estimating the sounding timing or the string striking speed based on the timing, and whether or not the key position detected by the position detecting means in the key releasing process corresponds to the specific position. When it is determined by the determining means and the specific position that the determination means is applicable, based on the passage time between the specific position and the predetermined position that has passed before, according to the timing result of the timing means. And a calculating means for calculating the return speed of the key. 2. The calculation means has a table in which the relationship between the speed at the moment when the key passes through the specific position and the passage time is stored in advance, and using this table, the key return corresponding to the passage time is performed. The piano according to claim 1, wherein speed is calculated.