JPH081120B2 - Drain material - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention [Industrial applications]

The present invention relates to a drain material having excellent water permeability as a drainage sheet for civil engineering work, a water blocking sheet, and a water blocking sheet for tunneling.

[Prior art]

Conventionally, woven and non-woven fabrics are often used for drainage and water transfer in civil engineering work or water stoppage in tunnel construction. There are also many proposals for civil engineering work sheets. For example, a water-permeable sheet for civil engineering work comprising a fiber-entangled non-woven sheet and a water-impermeable layer is disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 51-37844, a tunnel structure waterproof sheet in which a water-permeable cushioning material such as a nonwoven fabric is laminated on the water-impermeable sheet. JP-A-57-140500 and JP-B-62-35
760, JP-B-64-6283, JP-A-64-24999, JP-A-1-226911, etc., and as a non-woven fabric, JP-A-64-20367, JP-B-1- 351
No. 06, etc., and Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 56-13381 and No. Sho 62-12637, which are proposed to be composed of a woven fabric, are proposed.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

A conventional drainage sheet made of a fiber-entangled non-woven fabric or a knitted woven fabric is used as the drainage material, but the original drainage performance is maintained for a while after the construction, but especially in locations with a lot of sprinkling water and water leakage. When used in, the water transfer space will be clogged with earth and sand within a relatively short period of time, and the drainage capacity will decrease. The present invention is to provide a drain material for civil engineering work, which is based on a fiber-entangled nonwoven fabric or a knitted fabric that maintains drainage performance for a long time.

[Means for Solving the Problems]

A large number of projections formed by deep drawing on a mesh structure knitted or woven fabric composed of a composite fiber composed of at least two polymers having different softening points or melting points and fixed by the polymer having the low melting point or low softening point. A sheet-like material (hereinafter referred to as a honeycomb-structured sheet-like material) having a portion formed as a water-conducting layer,
A drain material comprising a non-woven fabric or a woven fabric laminated on at least one surface of the sheet material. The honeycomb structure sheet-like material constituting the water-conducting layer of the drain material of the present invention has at least 2 different softening points or melting points.
A honeycomb structure sheet which is composed of a composite fiber composed of one kind of polymer, and which is formed by regular or irregular deep drawing on a mesh structure knitted woven fabric fixed by the polymer having the low melting point or the low softening point. It is a thing. By providing such a water-conducting layer, excellent flexibility and toughness can be obtained. The composite fiber composed of at least two kinds of polymers having different softening points or melting points is a composite fiber composed of a polymer of two or more components, and at least one component of the thermoplastic polymer constituting the composite fiber is At least 20 from the softening point or melting point of the other component polymer (high softening point polymer or high melting point polymer: hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as high softening point polymer)
Filament yarns or spun yarns of the conjugate fiber which is a thermoplastic polymer having a low melting point or softening point (low melting point polymer or low softening point polymer: hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as low melting point polymer) or the conjugate fiber Filament yarn or spun yarn and other yarn filament yarn or spun yarn,
Alternatively, in a composite yarn using two or more kinds of fibers, at least one kind of fiber constituting the composite yarn has a melting point at least 20 ° C. lower than the softening point of the other fiber (high softening point fiber) (low A heat-bonding fiber such as at least one fiber of the composite yarn which is a melting point fiber) is used.
To the extent that the effects of the present invention are not impaired, polyester fibers,
Fibers other than composite fibers such as wholly aromatic polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, wholly aromatic polyamide fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, acrylonitrile fibers, and glass fibers may be used. In a sheet-like article in which a large number of protrusions are formed by deep drawing on a mesh structure knitted fabric made of the heat-adhesive fiber, the low melting point polymer component of the fibers of which the mesh structure knitted fabric constitutes the knitted fabric or A sheet of honeycomb structure fixed with a melt of low melting point fibers is used. As the high softening point polymer, a composite fiber composed of a high softening point polymer and a low melting point polymer is exemplified by polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, 6-nylon, 66-nylon, 610-nylon, 11
-Nylon, 12-nylon, polyamide such as polyhexamethylene isophthalamide and polyhexamethylene terephthalamide, at least one polymer selected from spinnable polymers such as polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride Using
As the low melting point polymer, a thermoplastic polymer having a melting point at least 20 ° C. lower than the softening point of the high softening point polymer is used. The combination of such polymers is a combination from the group of the above high softening point polymers, or other polymers of the above polymers, for example, polyethylene, ethylene propylene copolymer, ethylene octene copolymer, ethylene vinyl acetate. At least one polymer selected from olefin polymers such as copolymers or saponified products thereof, polyhexamethylene terephthalate or copolymers thereof, and spinnable thermoplastic polymers such as styrene copolymers is combined. Then, the composite fiber in which the high softening point polymer and the low melting point polymer are combined is a melt spinning method using a spinning machine equipped with a conventionally known composite spinneret,
Spinning can be carried out by either a dry spinning method (including emulsion spinning method) or a wet spinning method. The fineness of the obtained fiber can be appropriately determined according to the application, but is preferably 2 to 30,000 denier. The filament yarn of the composite fiber is in the form of a monofilament yarn, or a multifilament yarn obtained by combining a large number of filaments, or a filament yarn of the conjugate fiber and other fibers such as polyethylene terephthalate fiber, polybutylene terephthalate fiber, wholly aromatic. Polyester fibers such as group polyester fibers, 6-nylon fibers, 66-nylon fibers, 610-nylon fibers, polyhexamethylene isophthalamide fibers,
Polyhexamethylene terephthalamide fiber, polyethylene terephthalamide fiber, polybutylene terephthalamide fiber, polyamide fiber such as wholly aromatic polyamide fiber, polyacrylonitrile fiber, acrylonitrile copolymer fiber, polyvinyl alcohol fiber, regenerated cellulose fiber, cellulose acetate fiber And a filament yarn of at least one kind of fiber selected from the group such as Further, the composite yarn composed of the high softening point fiber and the low melting point fiber is a high softening point fiber, for example, polyester fiber such as polyethylene terephthalate fiber, polybutylene terephthalate fiber, wholly aromatic polyester fiber, 6-nylon fiber, 66- Polyamide fiber such as nylon fiber, 610-nylon fiber, polyhexamethylene isophthalamide fiber, polyhexamethylene terephthalamide fiber, polyethylene terephthalamide fiber, polybutylene terephthalamide fiber, wholly aromatic polyamide fiber, polyacrylonitrile fiber, acrylonitrile co-weight At least one selected from the group consisting of coalesced fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyvinyl chloride fibers, regenerated cellulose fibers, cellulose acetate fibers, glass fibers and the like.
, While the low melting point fibers are combined from the core fiber group, or other low melting point fibers, for example,
Polyethylene fiber, ethylene propylene copolymer fiber,
At least one fiber selected from olefin polymer fibers such as ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer or its saponified fiber, and thermoplastic polymer fibers such as polyhexamethylene terephthalate or its copolymer fiber is used. It is a fiber. Then, the composite yarn composed of the high softening point fiber and the low melting point fiber is a composite yarn obtained by plying the filament yarn by a known method, and the spun yarn of the low melting point fiber is twisted with the high softening point fiber filament yarn. It is a core-sheath type composite yarn obtained by spinning a twisted yarn or a filament fiber having a high softening point and a filament yarn having a low melting point or a spun yarn. The thickness of the fiber used in the present invention is determined depending on the purpose of use of the honeycomb structure sheet material. That is, when a sheet-like material having a honeycomb structure is stretched as a water-permeable layer of a waterproof sheet for tunnel construction by the NATM method, fiber yarns with a fineness are used, and a civil mat is used. When using it as a drainage sheet for heavy-weight structures or heavy-duty structures, use fiber yarns of large fineness. Generally, the total fiber is in the range of 100 to 6,000 denier. The polymer component for fixing the honeycomb structure constituting fibers is at least 15% by weight, preferably 25 to 60% by weight based on the weight of the structure. When the amount of the polymer is small, a sufficient fixing effect of the honeycomb structure cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the amount of the polymer is large, the honeycomb structure cannot have sufficient strength. The mesh structure of the present invention can be produced and knitted by a normal weaving method such as Russell knitting, mesh knitting, plain knitting, plain weaving, and twill weaving. The mesh size of the mesh structure is determined depending on the purpose of use of the sheet material of the present invention, but is preferably 1 mm to 5 mm. The honeycomb structured sheet used in the present invention can be manufactured by the method described below. For example, a knitted or knitted mesh structure is heated at a temperature equal to or higher than the softening point of the low melting point polymer or low melting point fiber of the fiber yarn to soften and melt the polymer, and the fiber yarn and the mesh structure are softened and melted of the fiber. Before, during, or after forming the mesh structure sheet-like material by fixing them together, at least one mold is draw-formed by a pair of deep-drawing molding machines consisting of a concave portion and a convex portion that are heated or not heated. And make a honeycomb structure sheet. In addition, if you want to add more hardness to the honeycomb structure sheet fixed with the polymer of the melted fiber component, treat the sheet with a resin solution such as phenol resin, melamine resin, epoxy resin. Is also good. This resin treatment is auxiliary and does not require a large amount of adhesion. In the present invention, the softening point and the melting point can be determined by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to a conventional method, that is, the temperature at the maximum peak is the melting point, and the temperature at which the peak occurs is the softening point. The deep-drawing-molded protrusion according to the present invention is not limited to the shape shown in FIG. 3, and the shape after deep-drawing is a pot shape or a cone having a cross section such as a circle, a quadrangle or a hexagon, It can be any shape such as a triangular pyramid or a hemisphere. As the deep drawing molding referred to in the present invention, the height is 5 mm to 5 cm,
The area ratio is preferably 110 to 400. Within this range, a sheet-like material that is tough and has excellent flexibility can be obtained. Here, the area ratio is obtained by dividing the area after molding by the area before molding and multiplying the quotient by 100. Next, when the drain material is used for drainage in civil engineering work or is stretched on the formwork of a concrete structure and used for drainage, a fiber entangled non-woven fabric or knitted fabric is used on one or both sides of the honeycomb structure sheet-like material. Is a polymerized sheet. It is also possible to stack and use a plurality of sheet-shaped products obtained by polymerizing a fiber-entangled nonwoven fabric or a woven fabric on the honeycomb-shaped sheet-shaped products. Further, in the case where the drain material is used as a waterproof sheet for civil works or tunnel construction, a fiber entangled non-woven fabric or knitted woven fabric is used on one side of the honeycomb structure sheet-like material that constitutes the water guiding layer, and the other side is A sheet-like material is obtained by laminating water-permeable synthetic resin sheets. The fiber entangled non-woven fabric or knitted woven fabric to be laminated on the honeycomb structured sheet material having the drain material structure is, for example, polyethylene terephthalate fiber, polybutylene terephthalate fiber, polyester fiber such as wholly aromatic polyester fiber, 6-nylon fiber, 66-nylon. Fiber, 610-nylon fiber, polyhexamethylene isophthalamide fiber,
Polyhexamethylene terephthalamide fiber, polyethylene terephthalamide fiber, polybutylene terephthalamide fiber, polyamide fiber such as wholly aromatic polyamide fiber, polyacrylonitrile fiber, acrylonitrile copolymer fiber, polyvinyl alcohol fiber, regenerated cellulose fiber, cellulose acetate fiber A fiber entangled non-woven fabric having an average basis weight of 100 to 1000 g / cm ² produced by a known fiber entangled non-woven fabric manufacturing method or knitting / weaving method using filament yarn or staple fiber of at least one kind of fiber selected from the group Alternatively, it is a woven fabric. Further, the water-impermeable synthetic resin sheet, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin such as ethylene propylene copolymer,
Thickness made of synthetic resins that are not damaged by groundwater, such as ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene butadiene copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride copolymer, polyamide
It is a 0.5 to 5 mm sheet. In the present invention, a honeycomb structure sheet and a non-woven fabric,
A conventionally known method can be used to integrate the woven fabric or the water impermeable synthetic resin sheet. Next, the drain material of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a drain material obtained by polymerizing a fiber sheet on a honeycomb structure sheet-like material which constitutes the water-conducting layer of the present invention, and FIG. 1 (1) is an example in which the fiber sheet is laminated on one side. FIG. 2B shows an example in which fiber sheets are laminated on both sides. Reference numeral 1 is a fiber sheet, and 2 is a sheet having a honeycomb structure having a water-conducting layer. FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another configuration of the drain material of the present invention, 3 is a water-permeable fiber sheet, 2 is a sheet having a honeycomb structure having a water-conducting layer, and 4 is a water-impermeable synthetic resin sheet.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a honeycomb structure sheet-like material that constitutes the water conducting layer of the drain material, and 2 is a honeycomb structure sheet-like material.
Is a protrusion formed by deep drawing. By using the three-dimensional honeycomb structure sheet-like material of the present invention as the water-conducting layer, the drain material becomes a tough structure, the compressive deformation due to earth and sand is small, and the duration of the drainage effect is greatly extended. Furthermore, since the honeycomb-shaped sheet material has high cutting strength, breaking strength, flexibility, and excellent moldability, thermal adhesiveness, and workability, the sheet material can be easily stretched and laid.

[Work]

It is possible to obtain a structure in which a water passage space for the drain material is secured by inserting a sheet-like material having a three-dimensional structure made of a fixed fiber structure into a water guide layer.

【Example】

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to specific examples. In the examples, parts and% relate to weight unless otherwise specified. Example 1 Polyethylene terephthalate (softening point was added to the core component polymer.
230 ° C.) 60 parts, and 40 parts of hexamethylene terephthalate-based copolyester (melting point 145 ° C.) in the sheath component polymer.
Using a denier / 30 fil multifilament yarn, a mesh mesh fabric with a mesh of 3 mm was woven by Russell knitting. On the other hand, in a pair of draw forming rolls having a roll having a concave portion and a roll having a convex portion on the surface, a convex portion having a diameter of 20 mm and a depth of 15 mm is
Using the drawing rolls arranged at 20 mm intervals, press the mesh mesh fabric with a roll surface temperature of 150 ° C and a cylinder cage pressure of 2.0 kg / cm ² , and perform drawing and fixing by softening and melting the fiber sheath component polymer. This was performed to obtain a honeycomb structure sheet-like article [I] in which a large number of protrusions were provided on the mesh structure sheet by deep drawing. This honeycomb-structured sheet-like material has excellent flexibility and is a tough sheet-like material that does not crack even if it is repeatedly bent 10 times. An average basis weight of 350 g / m ² made by using polyester staple fibers with a single fineness of 6 denier and a fiber length of 51 mm on the convex surface of this honeycomb structure sheet
The fiber-entangled non-woven fabric of No. 1 was placed and partially adhered by ultrasonic treatment to prepare a sheet material for drain material [I]. The sheet material for drain material [I] was stretched over the back of the concrete retaining wall as a drain material for the retaining wall of the retaining soil, and then the earth was filled. For comparison, a sheet material made of only non-woven fabric was stretched on the back of the concrete retaining wall, and then embankment was performed. Water was sprayed on the embankment surface of both structures with a hose, and the water output from the concrete drainage pipe was investigated. Then, as a result of comparing the time until the amount of water discharged is halved, based on the amount of water that constantly flows out in the initial stage, the drain material of Example 1 requires about 4.1 times the time of the drain material of Comparative Example, The water permeability was good. Example 2 The thickness of the sheet material for a drain material [I] of Example 1 on the surface opposite to the nonwoven fabric layer of the sheet material having the honeycomb structure.
Polymerize 0.8mm ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer sheet,
A water blocking sheet [II] was made by partially fusing. This waterproof sheet was used for the tunnel construction of NATM method. This sheet has good workability, water leakage from the primary lining surface can be quickly introduced to the gutter, and a large amount of water can be secured, and the water pressure of the leakage does not affect the secondary lining surface. It was Example 3 Polyvinyl alcohol fiber (softening point 215 ° C.) 360 denier / 24 fil multifilament yarn was used as core fiber, and propylene fiber (melting point 160 ° C.) 180 denier / 12 fil multifilament yarn was plied and obtained. Using a multifilament yarn, a mesh knitted fabric having a mesh of 3 mm was woven by Russell knitting, and deep drawing was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1. The obtained honeycomb structure sheet was a tough honeycomb structure that was tough, highly flexible, and excellent in morphological stability. A spunbonded non-woven fabric having an average basis weight of 250 g / m ² was laminated on both sides of this honeycomb structure sheet material and partially adhered by ultrasonic treatment to obtain a drain material sheet material [III]. The sheet-shaped material for drain material [III] was used for the slope part of the embankment. That is, the sheet material for drain material [II
I] was laid, the soil was embanked on it, and the slope was constructed by the horizontal drain material laying method in which the sheet material for drain material [III] was laid horizontally on the embankment again. The drainage on this slope was good, and a larger amount of drainage could be secured than that of the nonwoven fabric alone. Comparative Example 1 A mesh mesh fabric was made by Russell knitting with 450 denier / 24 fil multifilament yarn of wholly aromatic polyamide fiber (softening point 260 ° C.), then impregnated with a phenol resin composition liquid, dried and cured, and then carried out. Using the same drawing machine as in Example 1, deep drawing was carried out at a roll temperature of 150 ° C.
The resulting honeycomb structure sheet was a tough honeycomb structure excellent in morphological stability. A sheet material [IV] for a drain material was obtained by laminating and bonding a nonwoven fabric of polyvinyl alcohol fiber having an average basis weight of 300 g / m ^{2 on} the convex surface of the honeycomb structure sheet material. This sheet material for drain material [IV] was laid on the slope as a sheet for scouring and draining the slope of the revetment work, and fixed by the concrete block tension method. Laying work of the sheet material for drain material [IV] was easy and good with almost no deformation. The water permeability was better and the protective effect was higher than the sheet material made only of non-woven fabric. However, since the flexibility and toughness were insufficient, the water permeability decreased in a short period of time as compared with that of the present invention. It is thought that the sheet was cracked and it became difficult to maintain the three-dimensional structure of the water guiding layer.

【The invention's effect】

By using the three-dimensional honeycomb structure sheet-like material of the present invention as the water-conducting layer, the drain material becomes a tough structure, the compressive deformation due to earth and sand is small, and the duration of the drainage effect is greatly extended. Furthermore, since the honeycomb-shaped sheet material has great cutting strength, breaking strength, flexibility, and excellent moldability, thermal adhesiveness, and workability, it is easy to stretch and lay the sheet material. It will be highly efficient.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an example of the drain material of the present invention, and FIG. 1 (1) is an example in which a fiber sheet is laminated on one side of a water-conducting layer.
Fig. (2) is an example in which fiber sheets are laminated on both sides of the water guiding layer, Fig. 2 is a schematic view of another configuration of the drain material of the present invention, and Fig. 3 is a honeycomb structure sheet-like material of the water guiding layer of the drain material. It is a schematic diagram of an example. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1; Fiber sheet, 2; Honeycomb structure sheet-like material that is a water-conducting layer, 3; Water-permeable fiber sheet, 4; Water-impermeable synthetic resin sheet, 5;

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A deep-drawn mesh-structured woven fabric composed of composite fibers composed of at least two kinds of polymers having different softening points or melting points and fixed by the polymers having the low melting points or low softening points. A drain material, wherein a sheet-shaped material having a large number of protrusions formed by molding is used as a water-conducting layer, and a nonwoven fabric or a knitted fabric is laminated on at least one surface of the sheet-shaped material.