JPH0812040B2 - Crack control blasting method - Google Patents
Crack control blasting methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0812040B2 JPH0812040B2 JP2285183A JP28518390A JPH0812040B2 JP H0812040 B2 JPH0812040 B2 JP H0812040B2 JP 2285183 A JP2285183 A JP 2285183A JP 28518390 A JP28518390 A JP 28518390A JP H0812040 B2 JPH0812040 B2 JP H0812040B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- wedge
- shock wave
- charge
- shaped cavity
- blasting method
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Landscapes
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は、NATM工法を適用した地下空洞開発やコンク
リート構造物の解体において必要となるき裂の方向制御
が可能な爆破工法に係わるものである。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial field of application] The present invention relates to a blasting method capable of controlling the direction of cracks required for underground cavern development and concrete structure dismantling to which the NATM method is applied. is there.
NATM工法を適用したトンネル掘削において効率的な制
御爆破工法の必要性が従来から指摘されてきたが、近年
のジオフロント計画などに見らように地下空洞開発の具
体化に伴ってその要求は一層大きくなっている。これら
の施工においては爆破による地山の損傷防止と余堀を少
なくし、平滑な仕上げ面を得ることなどが要求される。The need for an efficient controlled blasting method has been pointed out for tunnel excavation using the NATM method.However, as seen in recent Geofront plans, the demand for it is further increasing as the underground cavern development becomes more concrete. It is getting bigger. In these constructions, it is required to prevent damage to the ground due to blasting, reduce excess moats, and obtain a smooth finished surface.
また、制御爆破工法は建築物の解体工法としても適用
され、わが国でもミニブラスティング工法の有効性が注
目されている。これは少薬量の爆薬を使用して一部分を
破砕する解体工法である。この場合にも残すべき構造物
への損傷を防止するとともに周囲環境への問題から振
動、騒音の防止が必要となる。The control blasting method is also applied as a demolition method for buildings, and the effectiveness of the miniblasting method is drawing attention in Japan as well. This is a demolition method in which a small amount of explosive is used to crush a part. In this case as well, it is necessary to prevent damage to the structure to be left and to prevent vibration and noise due to problems with the surrounding environment.
この様な背景のもとで、爆破によるき裂の方向制御を
目的とした従来の技術としては、ウォタージェットを使
用して爆破孔壁に切り欠きを入れて応力集中効果を生じ
させる方法（飯星茂、川上純、五十嵐孝文、中尾健二、
工業火薬協会誌,Vol.48、No.6、1987、pp.369−377）
や、管状のスリーブにスリットを入れて応力集中効果を
生じさせる方法（W.L.Fourney,J.W.Dally,D.C.Hollowa
y,Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.and Gemech.Abstr.Vol.15,
1978,pp.121−129,勝山邦久、清川博、佐々宏一、採鉱
と保安、Vol.29,No.4,1983,pp.16−23），半円状の反射
板を使用した方向性水圧発破（橋本博、高木薫、土木学
会誌、1979年９月号、pp.57−66）などがある。Against this background, the conventional technique for controlling the direction of cracks caused by blasting is to use a water jet to make a notch in the wall of the blast hole to create a stress concentration effect (Iisei Shigeru, Jun Kawakami, Takafumi Igarashi, Kenji Nakao,
(Industrial Explosives Association, Vol.48, No.6, 1987, pp.369-377)
Alternatively, a method of producing a stress concentration effect by inserting a slit into a tubular sleeve (WLFourney, JWDally, DCHollowa
y, Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.and Gemech.Abstr.Vol.15,
1978, pp.121-129, Kunihisa Katsuyama, Hiroshi Kiyokawa, Koichi Sasa, Mining and Security, Vol.29, No.4,1983, pp.16-23), Directional water pressure using a semi-circular reflector Blasting (Hiroshi Hashimoto, Kaoru Takagi, Journal of JSCE, September 1979, pp.57-66).
これらの従来の方法では施工上の煩雑さや爆破装置の
複雑さなどにおいて問題がある。本発明は従来技術の問
題点をふまえ、簡単で高精度、効果的なき裂制御爆破工
法を確立するための新しい着想を加えたものである。即
ち、静的作用としての応用力集中効果だけでなく、動的
作用としての爆発衝撃波の集中効果を生じさせるくさび
形空洞を有する装薬ホルダーを使用してき裂の方向制御
を可能にする爆破工法を確立した。These conventional methods have problems in complexity of construction and complexity of the blasting device. The present invention is based on the problems of the prior art, and adds a new idea for establishing a simple, highly accurate and effective crack control blasting method. That is, a blasting method that enables control of the direction of cracks by using a charge holder having a wedge-shaped cavity that produces not only the applied force concentration effect as a static action but also the explosion shock wave concentration effect as a dynamic action. Established
本発明の概要を実施例を示す添付図面を参照して説明
すると次の通りである。The outline of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings showing an embodiment.
尖点に爆発衝撃波の動的作用が集中するくさび形空洞
１を有する装薬ホルダー２にデカップリング状態で爆薬
を装着し、装薬孔３内で爆発衝撃波の集中効果を生じさ
せ、それを利用して装薬孔３壁面からのき裂進展を制御
し、岩石やコンクリートを破断させることを特徴とする
き裂制御爆破工法に係るものである。The explosive charge is attached in a decoupling state to the charge holder 2 having the wedge-shaped cavity 1 in which the dynamic action of the explosion shock wave is concentrated at the cusp, and the concentration effect of the explosion shock wave is generated in the charge hole 3, and it is used. The present invention relates to a crack control blasting method characterized by controlling crack growth from the wall surface of the charging hole 3 to break rocks or concrete.
本発明では、装薬ホルダー２内部のくさび形空洞１に
よって爆発衝撃波の集中効果を作り出すことを意図して
いる。即ち、くさび先端での衝撃波は自己増幅作用によ
って高圧状態になり、爆破孔内部での圧力分布に方向性
が生じることになる。予定破断面方向にくさび形空洞１
の先端を一致させて装着しこの様な衝撃波の動的作用に
よってき裂がくさび先端に形成されると引き続いて爆発
ガスが静的に作用してき裂の進展が促進される。In the present invention, it is intended that the wedge-shaped cavity 1 inside the charge holder 2 creates the effect of concentrating the explosive shock wave. That is, the shock wave at the tip of the wedge becomes a high-pressure state due to the self-amplifying action, and the pressure distribution inside the blast hole becomes directional. Wedge-shaped cavity 1 along the planned fracture surface
When the cracks are formed at the wedge tip by such shock wave dynamic action, the explosive gas subsequently acts statically to promote the crack propagation.
また、装薬ホルダー２が周囲と一体であるとすると、
このくさび形空洞１は応力集中効果も作り出す。If the charge holder 2 is integral with the surroundings,
This wedge-shaped cavity 1 also creates a stress concentration effect.
従って、装薬ホルダー２によって爆発ガスの予定破断
面方向以外への噴き出しは抑制され、効果的に残留ガス
圧力が破断作用を増大させることとなる。Therefore, the charge holder 2 suppresses the ejection of the explosive gas in directions other than the expected fracture surface direction, and the residual gas pressure effectively increases the fracture action.
装薬ホルダー２は第１図（１），（２）に示す部品を
組み合わせて平面より見て第２図のように構成され、同
一直径上に適当な角度を有するくさび形空洞１を形成す
る。The charge holder 2 is formed by combining the parts shown in FIGS. 1 (1) and 1 (2) as shown in FIG. 2 when seen from a plane, and forms the wedge-shaped cavity 1 having an appropriate angle on the same diameter. .
この装薬ホルダー２を使用することによってき裂方向
制御を可能とする第３図に示すような動的作用としての
爆発衝撃波の集中効果を生じさせることができる。即
ち、その周囲に空気の空隙を有するデカップリング状態
で装填された爆薬を起爆すると爆発衝撃波が装薬ホルダ
ー２内を外側に、向かって伝搬する「第３図（１）」。By using this charge holder 2, it is possible to generate the effect of concentrating the explosion shock wave as a dynamic action as shown in FIG. 3 which enables control of the crack direction. That is, when an explosive charged in a decoupling state having an air gap around it is detonated, an explosive shock wave propagates outward in the charge holder 2 (FIG. 3 (1)).
くさび形空洞１以外の装薬ホルダー２内壁面において
衝撃波は反射されるが、くさび形空洞１部分では衝撃波
はその中を干渉しながらくさび形空洞１のくさび先端に
向かって進む「第３図（２）」。Although the shock wave is reflected on the inner wall surface of the charge holder 2 other than the wedge-shaped cavity 1, the shock wave advances toward the wedge tip of the wedge-shaped cavity 1 while interfering with the shock wave at the wedge-shaped cavity 1 portion (see FIG. 3 ( 2) ".
この時、くさび形空洞１の断面が縮小することによっ
て、衝撃波が強くなる集中効果が生じる「第３図
（３），（４）」。At this time, the cross-section of the wedge-shaped cavity 1 is reduced, so that a shock wave becomes stronger and a concentration effect occurs (FIGS. 3 (3) and (4)).
この様なメカニズムによって装薬孔３の孔壁に作用す
る爆力の作用方向と作用時間の制御が可能となり、くさ
び形空洞１のくさび先端位置を予定破断面方向に一致さ
せることによってき裂の進展方向を制御することが出来
る。By such a mechanism, the action direction and the action time of the explosive force acting on the hole wall of the charging hole 3 can be controlled, and by making the wedge tip position of the wedge-shaped cavity 1 coincide with the planned fracture surface direction, The direction of progress can be controlled.
また、装薬のデカップリングと装薬ホルダー２の補助
効果による爆破孔壁近傍の損傷防止と予定破面以外への
爆発ガスの噴き出しを制御することによる破断作用の向
上と騒音の低減なども実現できる。In addition, the decoupling of the charge and the auxiliary effect of the charge holder 2 prevent damage near the wall of the blast hole and improve the rupture action and reduce noise by controlling the ejection of explosive gas to areas other than the planned fracture surface. it can.
このことは、爆破エネルギーの変換効果を高めること
を意味し、使用する薬量の低減化を可能とする。This means that the conversion effect of blast energy is increased, and the amount of medicine used can be reduced.
本発明の有効性を実証するためにモルタル供試体（45
×30×10cm）を使用して爆破実験を行った。装薬ホルダ
ー２は第４図に示された状態で使用された。この実験で
は雷管４を固定するためのスペーサー５の上部に込め物
（粘土やアラルダイトなど）６を込め、孔口を速硬性樹
脂でタンピングして密閉状態としている。また、孔口か
らの爆発ガスの散逸を防止するために孔口に鋼材をかぶ
せた。In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the present invention, mortar specimens (45
Bombing experiment was carried out using (30 × 10 cm). The charge holder 2 was used in the state shown in FIG. In this experiment, a filler (clay, araldite, etc.) 6 is placed on the upper portion of a spacer 5 for fixing the detonator 4, and the hole mouth is tamped with a quick-hardening resin to make a sealed state. In addition, in order to prevent the explosive gas from escaping from the mouth, the hole was covered with steel.
尚、図中符号７はエアーギャップである。 Reference numeral 7 in the figure is an air gap.
第５図はこの実証実験の爆破後のき裂形成状態を示し
た実験写真を描いたものである。き裂形成による破断面
が予定破断面（供試体表面に記された矢印の方向）に沿
って生じていることがわかる。即ち、き裂方向制御を目
的とした本工法の有効性が確認された。尚、この破断面
並びに爆破孔近傍の破断面の拡大写真などにより、孔壁
３にも損傷が生じていないことが確認されている。FIG. 5 is an experimental photograph showing the state of crack formation after the blast of this demonstration experiment. It can be seen that the fracture surface due to crack formation is along the expected fracture surface (the direction of the arrow marked on the surface of the specimen). That is, the effectiveness of this method for controlling the crack direction was confirmed. It is confirmed that the hole wall 3 is not damaged by the magnified photograph of the fracture surface and the fracture surface near the blast hole.
また、超音波パルス法を用いてき裂面に平行な方向の
供試体の弾性波速度を測定した結果、爆破前の値と相違
がないことがわかった。これより、破断面以外の部分は
損傷していないものと判断することができる。In addition, as a result of measuring the elastic wave velocity of the specimen in the direction parallel to the crack surface using the ultrasonic pulse method, it was found that there was no difference from the value before the blast. From this, it can be judged that the parts other than the fracture surface are not damaged.
本発明は、予定した破断面に沿ってき裂が進展するよ
う制御でき、破断面以外には損傷せしめない秀れた効果
を発揮するき裂制御爆破工法となる。INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is a crack control blasting method that can control cracks to propagate along a planned fracture surface and exerts an excellent effect of not damaging other than the fracture surface.
図面は本発明の一実施例とその実験結果を示すものであ
り、第１図（１），（２）は装薬ホルダーの1/2の平面
図，正面図、第２図は第１図の1/2部品を組み合わせて
構成した装薬ホルダーの平断面図、第３図（１）〜
（４）はくさび形空洞を有する装薬ホルダーを使用した
場合の爆発衝撃波の集中効果を説明する説明図であっ
て、第３図（１），（２）は平面図、第３図（３），
（４）は要部の拡大平面図、第４図は実証実験における
装薬状態の縦断面図、第５図は実証実験の実験結果を写
した実験写真を描いた平面図である。 １…くさび形空洞、２…装薬ホルダー、３…装薬孔。The drawings show one embodiment of the present invention and the experimental results thereof. FIGS. 1 (1) and 1 (2) are a plan view and a front view of a half of a charge holder, and FIG. Sectional view of the charge holder constructed by combining 1/2 parts of
FIG. 4 (1) and FIG. 3 (2) are plan views and FIG. 3 (3) are explanatory views for explaining the effect of concentrating explosive shock waves when a charge holder having a wedge-shaped cavity is used. ),
(4) is an enlarged plan view of the main part, FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the charging state in the demonstration experiment, and FIG. 5 is a plan view depicting an experimental photograph showing the experimental result of the demonstration experiment. 1 ... Wedge-shaped cavity, 2 ... Charge holder, 3 ... Charge hole.
Claims (1)
さび形空洞を有する装薬ホルダーにデカップリング状態
で爆薬を装着し、装薬孔内で爆発衝撃波の集中効果を生
じさせ、それを利用して装薬孔壁面からのき裂進展を制
御し、岩石やコンクリートを破断させることを特徴とす
るき裂制御爆破工法。1. An explosive charge is attached in a decoupling state to a charge holder having a wedge-shaped cavity where the dynamic action of the explosion shock wave is concentrated at the apex, and the effect of concentrating the explosion shock wave is produced in the charge hole. A crack control blasting method characterized by controlling crack growth from the wall surface of the charge hole to break rock or concrete.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2285183A JPH0812040B2 (en) | 1990-10-23 | 1990-10-23 | Crack control blasting method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2285183A JPH0812040B2 (en) | 1990-10-23 | 1990-10-23 | Crack control blasting method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04158200A JPH04158200A (en) | 1992-06-01 |
| JPH0812040B2 true JPH0812040B2 (en) | 1996-02-07 |
Family
ID=17688182
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2285183A Expired - Lifetime JPH0812040B2 (en) | 1990-10-23 | 1990-10-23 | Crack control blasting method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0812040B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101358398B1 (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2014-02-05 | 전남대학교산학협력단 | Side inner wall guider for explosive tubes, and installing method with the same for controlled blasting |
| CN104713433A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-06-17 | 惠州中特特种爆破技术工程有限公司 | Combined adjustable linear shaped charge device and explosion method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101067136B1 (en) * | 2009-06-23 | 2011-09-22 | 김태성 | Joint or crack making method of concrete and rock |
| GB0920814D0 (en) | 2009-11-27 | 2010-01-13 | Isis Innovation | High velocity droplet impacts |
| GB0920816D0 (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2010-01-13 | Isis Innovation | Energy focussing |
| GB201007655D0 (en) | 2010-05-07 | 2010-06-23 | Isis Innovation | Localised energy concentration |
| CN101864961B (en) * | 2010-05-27 | 2011-11-16 | 武汉大学 | Method for actively preventing and controlling rock burst |
| JP5846489B2 (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2016-01-20 | 五洋建設株式会社 | Pile head processing method and charge holder |
| GB201208939D0 (en) | 2012-05-21 | 2012-07-04 | Isis Innovation | Localised energy concentration |
| GB201304047D0 (en) | 2013-03-06 | 2013-04-17 | Isis Innovation | Localised Energy Concentration |
| GB201304046D0 (en) | 2013-03-06 | 2013-04-17 | Isis Innovation | Localised energy concentration |
| JP6338860B2 (en) * | 2014-01-08 | 2018-06-06 | 五洋建設株式会社 | Structure crushing method |
| CN119803212A (en) * | 2025-03-10 | 2025-04-11 | 北京科技大学 | A blasting double energy-gathering device and a blasting method |
| CN120593581B (en) * | 2025-08-07 | 2025-09-30 | 洛阳理工学院 | A kind of underground engineering protection structure and method for strengthening the total reflection of explosion stress wave |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5026608A (en) * | 1973-07-07 | 1975-03-19 | ||
| JPS5760200A (en) * | 1980-09-30 | 1982-04-10 | Tokyo Giken Kogyo Kk | Direction controlling explosion |
| JPS6019946B2 (en) * | 1982-08-11 | 1985-05-18 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | foamable molded product |
-
1990
- 1990-10-23 JP JP2285183A patent/JPH0812040B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101358398B1 (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2014-02-05 | 전남대학교산학협력단 | Side inner wall guider for explosive tubes, and installing method with the same for controlled blasting |
| CN104713433A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-06-17 | 惠州中特特种爆破技术工程有限公司 | Combined adjustable linear shaped charge device and explosion method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH04158200A (en) | 1992-06-01 |
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