JPH0814554B2 - Humidity detector - Google Patents
Humidity detectorInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0814554B2 JPH0814554B2 JP62034751A JP3475187A JPH0814554B2 JP H0814554 B2 JPH0814554 B2 JP H0814554B2 JP 62034751 A JP62034751 A JP 62034751A JP 3475187 A JP3475187 A JP 3475187A JP H0814554 B2 JPH0814554 B2 JP H0814554B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- humidity
- silicon wafer
- diaphragm
- resistance
- polymer film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 acryl ester Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 2
- REEBWSYYNPPSKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[(4-formylphenoxy)methyl]thiophene-2-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC(C=O)=CC=C1OCC1=C(C#N)SC=C1 REEBWSYYNPPSKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Non-Adjustable Resistors (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 (イ) 産業上の利用分野 本発明は、ピエゾ抵抗変化を利用したシリコンダイア
フラム型の湿度検出装置に関する。The present invention relates to a silicon diaphragm type humidity detecting device utilizing piezoresistance change.
(ロ) 従来の技術 本発明に先行する特開昭57−34446号公報に記載され
た従来の湿度検出装置では、第4図に示すようにリード
端子(1)(2)の導出されたセラミックス製湿度検出
素子(3)の周囲に電気ヒータ(4)を配設し、該電気
ヒータ(4)を適当に発熱させることにより、前記セラ
ミックス製湿度検出素子(3)の結露防止及び検出精度
の安定化等を図っているが、前記電気ヒータ(4)のた
めの電源を必要とする欠点、セラミックス故に前記湿度
検出素子(3)の感湿特性が経時変化する等の欠点があ
る。(B) Prior art In a conventional humidity detecting device described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-34446, which precedes the present invention, a ceramic having lead terminals (1) and (2) as shown in FIG. An electric heater (4) is arranged around the humidity detecting element (3), and the electric heater (4) is appropriately heated to prevent dew condensation and detect accuracy of the ceramic humidity detecting element (3). Although the stabilization and the like are attempted, there are disadvantages that a power supply for the electric heater (4) is required, and that the humidity sensing characteristics of the humidity detecting element (3) change with time due to ceramics.
(ハ) 発明が解決しようとする問題点 本発明は前述の欠点を解消し、加熱を必要とすること
なしに感湿特性を安定化できる湿度検出装置を簡単に構
成するものである。(C) Problems to be Solved by the Invention The present invention solves the above-mentioned drawbacks, and simply constitutes a humidity detecting device which can stabilize the humidity sensitivity without requiring heating.
(ニ) 問題点を解決するための手段 本発明は、シリコンウエハーに略コ字状の切断溝を形
成することにより該切断溝の内側に一辺だけで前記シリ
コンウエハーに接続したダイアフラム部を形成すると共
に、該ダイアフラム部の表面には拡散抵抗及び吸湿性高
分子膜を重合状態で設けたものである。(D) Means for Solving the Problems In the present invention, a substantially U-shaped cut groove is formed in a silicon wafer to form a diaphragm portion connected to the silicon wafer on only one side inside the cut groove. At the same time, a diffusion resistance and hygroscopic polymer film is provided on the surface of the diaphragm in a polymerized state.
(ホ) 作用 本発明によれば、湿度が変化すると、吸湿性高分子膜
が膨張・収縮し、これによりダイアフラム部の撓みが量
が変化し、この時の撓み量に対応して拡散抵抗の抵抗値
も変化する。またダイアフラム部は、その一辺で拘束さ
れるだけで他の3辺ではシリコンウエハーから離れて自
由に撓み得て、その動作感度が高められる。(E) Operation According to the present invention, when the humidity changes, the hygroscopic polymer film expands and contracts, whereby the amount of bending of the diaphragm changes, and the amount of diffusion resistance changes corresponding to the amount of bending at this time. The resistance value also changes. Further, the diaphragm portion can be freely bent away from the silicon wafer on the other three sides only by being restrained by one side thereof, and its operation sensitivity can be enhanced.
(ヘ) 実施例 次に本発明の一実施例について説明する。(F) Example Next, an example of the present invention will be described.
第1図及び第2図において、(5)はn−[1,0,0]
型のシリコンウエハーで、300μmの厚さを有すると共
に両面が研摩されている。シリコンウエハー(5)は、
その表面(6)に拡散用窓を設けて、この拡散用窓を通
して種々の拡散を行なうことでピエゾ抵抗としての拡散
抵抗(R2)(R4)とリード部(7)の形成用凹所とを形
成する。拡散抵抗(R2)(R4)は、ボロンを2×1018/c
m3の濃度として[1,1,0]方向でP型拡散させることで
ピエゾ効果即ち曲げ応力によって抵抗が変化する効果が
アップされている。リード部(7)では、先ずシリコン
ウエハー(5)の表面(6)にアルミニウムを蒸着し、
その後に不要な部分をエッチングすることでその形成用
凹所上だけにアルミニウムを残留させる。リード部
(7)にはリード端子をボンディングするためのパット
部(7a)も形成されている。一方、シリコンウエハー
(5)の裏面(8)は、その裏面上に設けたエッチング
窓から異方性エッチングされる。この異方性エッチング
によりシリコンウエハー(5)は、その下側から台形状
に食刻されその上部に30μmの薄壁が残留する。更にシ
リコンウエハー(5)は、その表面(6)又は裏面
(8)に、レジストによるパターン付けして、パターン
膜の存在しない部分にリアクティブエッチング及びプラ
ズマエッチングを作用させることで、略コ字状の切断溝
(9)が形成される。これによりシリコンウエハー
(5)の薄壁はその周囲部に対して3辺で切断されるこ
とになり、従って切断溝(9)の内側に、一辺(10)だ
けでシリコンウエハー(5)に接続したダイヤフラム部
(11)が形成される。尚、拡散抵抗は撓みの方向へ長く
形成される。In FIGS. 1 and 2, (5) is n- [1,0,0].
A silicon wafer of the type having a thickness of 300 μm and polished on both sides. Silicon wafer (5)
A diffusion window is provided on the surface (6), and various diffusions are performed through the diffusion window to form a diffusion resistance (R 2 ) (R 4 ) as a piezoresistor and a recess for forming the lead portion (7). To form. Diffusion resistance (R 2 ) (R 4 ) is 2 × 10 18 / c
The P-type diffusion in the [1,1,0] direction as the concentration of m 3 improves the effect of changing the resistance due to the piezo effect, that is, bending stress. In the lead portion (7), first, aluminum is vapor-deposited on the surface (6) of the silicon wafer (5),
After that, the unnecessary portion is etched to leave aluminum only on the forming recess. A pad portion (7a) for bonding a lead terminal is also formed in the lead portion (7). On the other hand, the back surface (8) of the silicon wafer (5) is anisotropically etched from an etching window provided on the back surface. By this anisotropic etching, the silicon wafer (5) is etched into a trapezoidal shape from the lower side, and a thin wall of 30 μm remains on the upper side. Further, the silicon wafer (5) is patterned with a resist on the front surface (6) or the back surface (8), and reactive etching and plasma etching are applied to a portion where no pattern film exists, thereby obtaining a substantially U-shaped. The cutting groove (9) is formed. As a result, the thin wall of the silicon wafer (5) is cut along its three sides with respect to its surroundings, so that it is connected to the silicon wafer (5) inside the cutting groove (9) by only one side (10). The diaphragm part (11) is formed. The diffusion resistance is formed long in the direction of bending.
(12)は吸湿性高分子膜で、拡散抵抗(R2)(R4)上
に重合した状態でダイアフラム部(11)に設けられてい
る。吸湿性高分子膜(12)の素材の吸湿性高分子として
は、アクリル系高分子及びウレタン系高分子等が存在す
る。具体的にアクリル系高分子としては、アクリル酸エ
ステルと2−クロロエチルビニルエーテルの重合体、ア
クリル酸エステルとアクリロニトリルの重合体、アクリ
ルエステルとアクリル2−クロロエチルの重合体、ポリ
エステルグリコールとジイソシアネートの重合体等が好
適である。またウレタン系高分子としては、ポリエステ
ルにP、P′−ジフェニルメタンイソシアネートを過剰
に反応させることでプレポリマーを生成し、このプレポ
リマーにエチレンジアミンを添加することで、溶液状の
ウレタン系高分子としたものが好適である。溶液状のウ
レタン系高分子素材から吸湿性高分子膜(12)を形成す
る場合は、先ず前記ウレタン系高分子素材をダイアフラ
ム部(11)に塗布する。このとき加熱したジメチルホル
ムアミドを溶媒として使用すると、ウレタン系高分子の
溶液粘度が自由に変えられ吸湿性高分子膜(12)の膜厚
を調整できる。また吸湿性高分子膜(12)では、SiO2、
TiO2等の無機材料の粉末を混合して固化することで吸水
率及び弾性等を調整できる。(12) is a hygroscopic polymer film, which is provided on the diaphragm (11) in a state of being polymerized on the diffusion resistors (R 2 ) and (R 4 ). As the hygroscopic polymer used as the material of the hygroscopic polymer film (12), there are acrylic polymers and urethane polymers. Specifically, acrylic polymers include polymers of acrylate and 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether, polymers of acrylate and acrylonitrile, polymers of acryl ester and acryl 2-chloroethyl, and polymers of polyester glycol and diisocyanate. Etc. are preferred. As the urethane-based polymer, a prepolymer was generated by excessively reacting P, P'-diphenylmethane isocyanate with the polyester, and ethylenediamine was added to the prepolymer to form a urethane polymer in solution. Those are preferred. When forming the hygroscopic polymer film (12) from a solution-type urethane-based polymer material, first, the urethane-based polymer material is applied to the diaphragm (11). At this time, when heated dimethylformamide is used as a solvent, the solution viscosity of the urethane polymer can be freely changed, and the thickness of the hygroscopic polymer film (12) can be adjusted. In the hygroscopic polymer film (12), SiO 2 ,
By mixing and solidifying a powder of an inorganic material such as TiO 2 , the water absorption and the elasticity can be adjusted.
吸湿性高分子膜(12)の設けられたダイアフラム部
(11)では、雰囲気の湿度変化に対応して吸湿性高分子
膜(12)が膨張・収縮することで、ダイアフラム部の先
端部(13)が下方へ垂れる方向又は水平状態に復帰する
方向に湾曲し、この湾曲動作にて曲成される拡散抵抗
(R2)(R4)には曲げ応力に対応する膨張に伴う抵抗減
少などの抵抗変化が生じ、この抵抗変化を検出すること
で間接的に湿度が知得される。In the diaphragm part (11) provided with the hygroscopic polymer film (12), the hygroscopic polymer film (12) expands and contracts in response to the humidity change of the atmosphere, so that the tip part (13) of the diaphragm part ) Is bent in the direction that hangs downward or returns to the horizontal state, and the diffusion resistance (R 2 ) (R 4 ) that is bent by this bending action is such that the resistance decrease due to expansion corresponding to bending stress A resistance change occurs, and the humidity is indirectly obtained by detecting this resistance change.
第3図において、(14)は拡散抵抗(R2)(R4)の抵
抗変化を出力電圧(V0)の変化として検出するホイース
トンブリッジで、ピエゾ抵抗部としての拡散抵抗(R2)
(R4)の他に抵抗値の変化しない基準抵抗(R1)(R3)
でブリッジを構成し、前記ダイアフラム部(11)が高湿
度時に垂れる方向に湾曲することで伸びる拡散抵抗の値
が減って出力電圧 前記湿度検出装置では、雰囲気湿度に対応して、吸湿
性高分子膜(12)が吸湿膨張し、ダイアフラム部(11)
が垂れ下がり方向に曲げられ、この曲げ応力によって拡
散抵抗(R2)(R4)に抵抗減少が生じ、この抵抗減少を
ホイートストンブリッジ(14)等で検出することで間接
的に湿度が知得される。また、ダイアフラム部(11)は
その一辺(10)だけでしかシリコンウエハー(5)に接
続されていないので、その3辺でシリコンウエハー
(5)に拘束されることなく自由に撓み得て、その撓み
による大きな曲げ応力を拡散抵抗(R2)(R4)に作用さ
せることができ、従って拡散抵抗(R2)(R4)の抵抗変
化量が増加して、湿度検出装置の検出感度がアップされ
る。因みに、一辺固定の前記ダイアフラム(11)では、
両端固定のダイアフラムに比較して撓み量が理論的に略
9.6倍となり、その分だけ拡散抵抗(R2)(R4)の抵抗
値の変化量も増加する。実験により、温度25℃、相対湿
度80%の条件下で60.3mVのホイーストンブリッジ出力が
検出され、また温度25℃、相対湿度50%の条件下で58mV
の出力が検出され、また温度25℃、相対湿度34%の条件
下で56mVの出力が検出され、従って前記湿度検出装置は
常温の広い湿度範囲において湿度センサとして感度良く
作動することが確認されている。In FIG. 3, (14) is a Wheatstone bridge that detects the resistance change of the diffusion resistance (R 2 ) (R 4 ) as the change of the output voltage (V 0 ), and the diffusion resistance (R 2 ) as the piezoresistive part.
In addition to (R 4 ), a reference resistance whose resistance value does not change (R 1 ) (R 3 )
To form a bridge, and the diaphragm part (11) bends in the direction in which it drops in high humidity, and the value of the diffusion resistance that is extended decreases In the humidity detection device, the hygroscopic polymer film (12) absorbs and expands in response to the atmospheric humidity, and the diaphragm (11)
Is bent in the hanging direction, and this bending stress causes a resistance decrease in the diffusion resistance (R 2 ) (R 4 ). By detecting this resistance decrease with a Wheatstone bridge (14), etc., the humidity can be indirectly known. It Further, since the diaphragm part (11) is connected to the silicon wafer (5) only at one side (10) thereof, the diaphragm part (11) can freely bend without being restricted by the silicon wafer (5) at the three sides, deflection large bending stress can be applied to the diffused resistor (R 2) (R 4) by, thus diffusion resistance (R 2) (R 4) resistance change amount is increased, the detection sensitivity of the humidity detecting device Will be up. By the way, in the diaphragm (11) fixed on one side,
The amount of flexure is theoretically less than that of a diaphragm with both ends fixed.
This is 9.6 times, and the amount of change in the resistance value of the diffused resistors (R 2 ) (R 4 ) also increases accordingly. Experiments detected a Wheatstone bridge output of 60.3 mV at 25 ° C and 80% relative humidity, and 58 mV at 25 ° C and 50% relative humidity.
Output was detected, and an output of 56 mV was detected under the conditions of a temperature of 25 ° C and a relative humidity of 34%. Therefore, it was confirmed that the humidity detector operates sensitively as a humidity sensor in a wide humidity range of normal temperature. There is.
(ト) 発明の効果 本発明は以上のように構成されたから、加熱が不要で
且つ感湿特性の安定した湿度検出装置を提供できる。ま
た作動部としてのダイアフラム部は一辺だけでしかシリ
コンウエハーに接続されていないので、他の3辺でシリ
コンウエハーから切離され拘束されることなく自由に撓
み得て、その撓みによる大きな曲げ応力を拡散抵抗に作
用させることができ、拡散抵抗の抵抗変化量が増加し、
湿度検出装置の感度をアップできる。(G) Effect of the Invention Since the present invention is configured as described above, it is possible to provide a humidity detection device that does not require heating and has stable humidity sensitivity characteristics. Further, since the diaphragm portion as the operating portion is connected to the silicon wafer only on one side, the diaphragm portion can be freely bent without being separated from the silicon wafer on the other three sides and restrained, and a large bending stress due to the bending can be obtained. It can act on the diffusion resistance, increasing the resistance change amount of the diffusion resistance,
The sensitivity of the humidity detector can be increased.
第1図乃至第3図は本発明の一実施例を示し、第1図は
斜視図、第2図は吸湿性高分子膜の形成以前の状態の上
面図、第3図は電気回路図、第4図は従来例の斜視図で
ある。 (5)……シリコンウエハー、(9)……切断溝、(1
0)……一辺、(11)……ダイアフラム部、(12)……
吸湿性高分子膜、(R2)(R4)……拡散抵抗。1 to 3 show an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a perspective view, FIG. 2 is a top view of a state before a hygroscopic polymer film is formed, FIG. 3 is an electric circuit diagram, FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a conventional example. (5) ... silicon wafer, (9) ... cut groove, (1
0) …… One side, (11) …… Diaphragm part, (12) ……
Hygroscopic polymer film, (R 2 ) (R 4 ) ... diffusion resistance.
Claims (1)
成することにより該切断溝の内側に一辺だけで前記シリ
コンウエハーに接続したダイヤフラム部を形成すると共
に、該ダイヤフラム部の表面にはダイヤフラムが撓む方
向に長い拡散抵抗及び吸湿により長さが変わる吸湿性高
分子膜を重合状態で設けたことを特徴とする湿度検出装
置。1. A substantially U-shaped cut groove is formed in a silicon wafer to form a diaphragm portion connected to the silicon wafer on only one side inside the cut groove, and a diaphragm is formed on the surface of the diaphragm portion. 1. A humidity detecting device, characterized in that a hygroscopic polymer film having a long diffusion resistance in the bending direction and a length changing due to moisture absorption is provided in a polymerized state.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62034751A JPH0814554B2 (en) | 1987-02-18 | 1987-02-18 | Humidity detector |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62034751A JPH0814554B2 (en) | 1987-02-18 | 1987-02-18 | Humidity detector |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63201561A JPS63201561A (en) | 1988-08-19 |
| JPH0814554B2 true JPH0814554B2 (en) | 1996-02-14 |
Family
ID=12423028
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62034751A Expired - Fee Related JPH0814554B2 (en) | 1987-02-18 | 1987-02-18 | Humidity detector |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0814554B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0376721B1 (en) * | 1988-12-29 | 1998-07-15 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Moisture-sensitive device |
| JP2523900B2 (en) * | 1989-11-01 | 1996-08-14 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Sensor, reactor, method of controlling reactor, and method of manufacturing sensor |
| KR100474516B1 (en) * | 2002-03-25 | 2005-03-09 | 전자부품연구원 | Humidity sensor using cantilever and method of manufacturing the same |
| JP6166224B2 (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2017-07-19 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Sensor circuit |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61202151A (en) * | 1985-03-05 | 1986-09-06 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Moisture/temperature detector |
| JPS61202152A (en) * | 1985-03-05 | 1986-09-06 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Moisture detector |
-
1987
- 1987-02-18 JP JP62034751A patent/JPH0814554B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS63201561A (en) | 1988-08-19 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |