JPH0817921B2 - Liquid / liquid contact device, and distillation device and gas exchange device using the same - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a liquid / liquid contacting device for contacting two kinds of liquids through a hollow fiber hydrophobic porous membrane, a distillation device using the same, and A liquid / liquid contacting device suitable for a gas exchange device, in particular, for improving the efficiency of permeation of a gas, a volatile substance or water vapor through a hydrophobic porous membrane, and a distillation device and a gas exchange using the same. Regarding the device.

[Conventional technology]

As a method for separating a solute component contained in a liquid from the liquid, there is a method disclosed in JP-A-60-64603.

In the above-mentioned conventional technique, a porous wall membrane of a hollow fiber made of a hydrophobic porous membrane that allows gas to pass but does not allow liquid to pass is used as a contact wall membrane, and liquid is allowed to exist outside and inside the hollow fiber. In this method, the pressure difference between the solute component in the liquid inside and outside the hollow fiber is used to move the gas or highly volatile solute component present in the liquid into the liquid inside or outside the hollow fiber. .

In this conventional technique, the device can be downsized by modularizing the hollow fibers into a bundled shape.

On the other hand, as a technique for distilling an aqueous solution using a hydrophobic porous membrane that allows the passage of vapor, which is a type of gas, but does not allow water to pass through, is described in JP-B-49-45461 and JP-A-60-118205. There is a device.

In these conventional techniques, after heating the supplied raw water, it is supplied to one surface of the hydrophobic porous membrane, a cooling wall is provided in the other space of the hydrophobic porous membrane, and the cooling wall is cooled. The water vapor that has permeated the hydrophobic porous membrane is condensed on the cooling wall and taken out as water.

Further, JP-A-60-118205 and U.S. Pat.
In the device described in Japanese Patent No. 186, no cooling wall is provided, and the water vapor that has permeated through the hydrophobic porous membrane is directly absorbed by cooling water (distilled water) to take out the increased amount of distilled water. .

A similar conventional technique is the Proceedings of
Fifty's International Symposium
On Space Technology and Science (1986) pp. 1355 to 1359 (Proc. 15th ISTS (1
986) pp1355-1359) and the Proceedings of Sixty International Symposium on Space Technology and Science (1988) pp. 1709-1712 (Proc. 16th ISTS (1
988) pp1709-1712).

Further, as a gas exchange device using a hydrophobic porous membrane, the technique described in Journal of Japan Aerospace Society Volume 36 (1988), pages 466 to 472 is known.

In the gas exchange device, an oxygen-rich aqueous liquid is caused to flow through one of hollow fibers made of a hydrophobic porous membrane, and air containing carbon dioxide gas is caused to flow through the other, whereby oxygen in the aqueous liquid is removed from the air. The carbon dioxide gas in the air is moved into the aqueous liquid.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

When water containing gas is made to flow in one direction inside the hollow fiber formed of the hydrophobic porous membrane, and water which does not contain gas is made to flow outside the hollow fiber in the opposite direction to the inside of the hollow fiber, respectively. Assuming that no turbulent flow is generated in this water, the change in each gas concentration is as shown in FIG. In FIG.
A1 is the gas concentration of each water near the inlet of the water flowing inside the hollow fiber (the outlet of the water flowing outside the hollow fiber), A3
Is the gas concentration of each water near the outlet of the water flowing inside the hollow fiber (the inlet of the water flowing outside the hollow fiber), A2
Shows the change in the gas concentration of each water in the middle of A1 and A3.

That is, the gas concentration of each water flowing inside and outside the hollow fiber changes only near the inner wall and outer wall of the hollow fiber,
It does not change at the position away from the center of the hollow fiber and the outer wall of the membrane. For this reason, the difference in gas concentration between the inner wall and the outer wall of the hollow fiber is reduced, and the permeation efficiency of the hollow fiber is reduced.

Further, in a distillation apparatus using a hydrophobic porous membrane, the permeation efficiency of the hydrophobic porous membrane is low, so the apparatus must be upsized.

Further, in the gas exchange device using the hydrophobic porous membrane, the gas exchange efficiency is lowered.

In view of the above circumstances, the first object of the present invention is to reduce the difference in the gas pressure due to the difference in the distance from the hydrophobic porous membrane in each channel, the difference in the partial pressure of the volatile substance or water vapor. It is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid-liquid contact device which can be eliminated to improve the permeation efficiency of hollow fibers.

A second object of the present invention is to provide a distillation apparatus which can be downsized by using the liquid / liquid contact device as a distillation cell.

Further, a third object of the present invention is to provide a gas exchange device which can improve gas exchange efficiency by using the liquid / liquid contact device as a gas exchange cell.

[Means for solving the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention,
In the liquid contact device, a plurality of spirally formed hollow fibers are arranged in parallel at predetermined intervals between support members arranged at predetermined intervals, and the inner diameter is formed larger than the outer diameter of the hollow fibers. In addition, a plurality of containers formed in a spiral shape having the same pitch as the hollow fibers are arranged so as to cover the hollow fibers individually and concentrically.

Further, using the liquid-liquid contact device as a distillation cell, a means for flowing either high temperature raw water or low temperature pure water and distilled water is connected to the end of the hollow fiber, and the hollow fiber is attached to the container. When high-temperature raw water is flown into the hollow fiber, either low-temperature pure water or distilled water is flown, and when either low-temperature pure water or distilled water is flown into the hollow fiber, high-temperature raw water is flowed. Means are connected.

Further, the liquid / liquid contact device is used as a gas exchange cell, and a means for flowing either the first liquid containing the first gas as a solute or the gas containing the gas is connected to the hollow fiber, and the container is connected. Is connected to a means for flowing either a second liquid containing a second gas different from the first gas as a solute or a gas containing the second gas.

[Action]

In the liquid-liquid contact device, since the hollow fiber and the container are formed in a spiral shape, the liquid and gas flowing inside them are turbulent and agitated, so that they are related to the distance from the hydrophobic porous membrane. In addition, the pressure of the gas in the liquid inside the hollow fiber and the container, the partial pressure of the volatile substance or the water vapor, etc. can be made uniform, and the exchange efficiency of the hollow fiber can be improved.

〔Example〕

 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the liquid / liquid contact device of the present invention. Further, FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing the hollow fiber exchange efficiency in the liquid-liquid contact device shown in FIG.

In the figure, reference numerals 7 and 7'indicate end support members which are arranged to face each other at a predetermined interval. The front chambers 9 and 9'are arranged on the outer side surfaces of the end supporting members 7 and 7 '.
The front chambers 5 and 5'are arranged on the inner side surfaces of the end supporting members 7 and 7 '. Numerals 8 and 8'show hollow fiber mouths, which penetrate the front chambers 9 and 9'through the end supporting members 7 and 7'and project into the front chambers 5 and 5 '. 1 is a hollow fiber formed of a hydrophobic porous membrane,
It is shaped like a spiral and is arranged in parallel between the end support members 7, 7 ', and both ends thereof are connected to the hollow fiber outlets 8, 8'. Reference numeral 2 denotes a container, which has an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the hollow fiber and is formed in a spiral shape having the same pitch as that of the hollow fiber 1, and is arranged so as to cover the hollow fibers individually and concentrically. Both ends are connected to the front chambers 5, 5 '. 3,
3'is a liquid discharge port and a liquid supply port for the front chambers 5 and 5 ',
The liquid is supplied from the supply port 3 ′ and discharged from the discharge port 3. Liquid supply ports 4 and 4'are for the front chambers 9 and 9 ', and liquid is supplied from the supply port 4 and discharged from the discharge port 4'. 6 is an outer wall passage formed between the hollow fiber 1 and the container 2. Reference numeral 11 denotes a spiral support member, which supports the container 2 so as to prevent deformation.

With such a configuration, water containing an arbitrary gas is supplied from the supply port 4 to the front chamber 9 as the first liquid, and the hollow fiber port 8,
It is discharged from the discharge port 4 through the hollow fiber 1, the hollow fiber port 8'and the front chamber 9 '. On the other hand, the second from the supply port 3'to the front chamber 5 '
As the liquid, water containing no gas is supplied and discharged from the discharge port 3 through the outer wall passage 6 formed between the container 2 and the hollow fiber 1 and the front chamber 5. Then, the first liquid and the second liquid come into contact with each other through the hollow fiber 1, so that the gas included in the first liquid causes the gas contained in the first liquid to pass through the hollow fiber 1 and the outer wall passage 6 through the hollow fiber 1. To a second liquid passing through.

At this time, since the liquid flowing inside the hollow fiber 1 is subjected to centrifugal force due to the spiral motion, the gas in the liquid inside the hollow fiber 1 is released through the hollow fiber 1 so that the gas contained in the liquid is discharged. When a concentration difference occurs in the gas and a specific gravity difference occurs due to the gas concentration difference, the flow of the liquid is disturbed and becomes a turbulent flow, and the liquid is stirred. Therefore, the concentration distribution of the gas in the liquid in an arbitrary cross section orthogonal to the axis of the hollow fiber 1 is kept substantially uniform. On the other hand, the liquid flowing through the outer wall passage 6 is
Not only the hollow fiber 1 becomes an obstacle and disturbs the flow,
Since the centrifugal force generated by the spiral motion absorbs the gas that has permeated the hollow fiber 1 and a difference in specific gravity occurs, the flow of the liquid is disturbed and becomes a turbulent flow, whereby the liquid is stirred. Therefore, the concentration distribution of the gas in the liquid in an arbitrary cross section orthogonal to the axis of the hollow fiber 1 in the outer wall passage 6 is also kept substantially uniform.

In this way, when the gas concentrations of the first and second liquids are made uniform, as shown in FIG. 2, the gas concentration difference between the liquids can be kept large, and the permeation of the hollow fiber 1 can be maintained. Efficiency can be maintained at a high level. In FIG. 2, A1 is the gas concentration of each water near the inlet of the water flowing inside the hollow fiber (the outlet of the water flowing outside the hollow fiber), and A3 is the water flowing inside the hollow fiber. The gas concentration of each water in the vicinity of the discharge port (inlet of water flowing outside the hollow fiber), and A2 show the change of the gas concentration of each water in the middle of A1 and A3.

In the above examples, examples of the material of the hydrophobic porous membrane that constitutes the hollow fiber 1 include PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), polyethylene, polypropylene, and a copolymer formed from a composite thereof. To be

Further, the gas or volatile substance handled by the liquid-liquid contact device in the above embodiment is not particularly limited, but for example, air, oxygen, nitrogen, water vapor, ozone, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, Ammonia, hydrogen sulfide,
Sulfurous acid gas, Nox, hydrogen, helium, neon, argon,
Krypton, xenon, porane, silane, halogen, halogen hydrogen, ethyl alcohol, lower alcohol such as methyl alcohol, mercaptan, lower amine, lower saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon, lower halogenated hydrocarbon,
Alternatively, a mixture thereof or the like can be used.

In the liquid-liquid contact device in the above-described embodiment, a means for flowing either high temperature raw water or low temperature pure water and distilled water as the first liquid from the supply port 4 to the front chamber 9 is connected, and the supply port 3 The liquid / liquid contact device can be used as a distillation device by connecting a means for flowing either low temperature pure water or distilled water or high temperature raw water as the second liquid from the ′ ′ to the front chamber 5 ′. .

Further, in the liquid-liquid contact device in the above-mentioned embodiment, a means for flowing either the first liquid or the gas having the first gas as a solute from the supply port 4 to the front chamber 9 is connected,
By connecting a means for flowing either the second liquid containing the second gas different from the first gas as a solute or the gas containing the second gas from the supply port 3'to the front chamber 5 ' The liquid / liquid contact device may be a gas exchange device.

In the above embodiment, when the container 2 is made of a hard material, it is not necessary to support the container 2 with the spiral support member 11.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the present invention, in the liquid-liquid contact device, between the support members arranged at a predetermined interval,
By arranging a plurality of spirally formed hollow fibers in parallel at a predetermined interval, while forming the inner diameter to be larger than the outer diameter of the hollow fibers, a plurality of spirally formed containers having the same pitch as the hollow fibers can be used. Since the hollow fibers are individually and concentrically covered, the liquid flowing in the hollow fibers and the container can be agitated as a turbulent flow to make the gas concentration of the liquid uniform and the permeation efficiency of the hollow fibers. Can be improved.

Further, by using this liquid-liquid contact device as a distillation device, the distillation device can be downsized.

Furthermore, by using this liquid-liquid contact device as a gas exchange device, the exchange efficiency can be further improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an embodiment of the liquid / liquid contact device according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing changes in the concentration of gas in the liquid in the liquid / liquid contact device in FIG. , Third
The figure is a characteristic diagram showing changes in the concentration of gas in a liquid in a conventional liquid-liquid contact device. 1 ... Hollow fiber, 2 ... Container 3 ... Discharge port, 3 '... Supply port 4 ... Supply port, 4' ... Discharge port 5, 5 '... Front chamber, 6 ... Outer wall passage, 7 , 7 '... end support member, 8, 8' ... hollow fiber mouth, 9, 9 '... front chamber.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A hollow fiber formed of a hydrophobic porous membrane, which is permeable to gas but impermeable to liquid, is attached to the inside of a container, and a gas or a volatile substance is attached to the end of the hollow fiber. A means for flowing a first liquid as a solute is provided, and a second liquid having a gas or a volatile substance different from the solute of the first liquid as a solute is caused to flow around the hollow fiber in the container. A means is provided to utilize the pressure difference and partial pressure difference of the solute in the first and second liquids in the first and second liquids existing inside and outside the hollow fiber across the hydrophobic porous membrane. , First,
In a liquid-liquid contact device for relatively moving a solute of a second liquid, a plurality of spirally formed hollow fibers are arranged in parallel at predetermined intervals between support members arranged at predetermined intervals. A plurality of containers having an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the hollow fiber and having a spiral shape with the same pitch as the hollow fiber are arranged so as to individually cover the hollow fibers concentrically. Liquid / liquid contact device. 2. The liquid-liquid contact device according to claim 1 is used as a distillation cell, and a means for flowing either high temperature raw water or low temperature pure water and distilled water is connected to an end of the hollow fiber, In the container, when high-temperature raw water is poured into the hollow fiber,
A distillation apparatus characterized in that, when either low-temperature pure water or distilled water is caused to flow, and when the low-temperature pure water or distilled water is caused to flow into the hollow fiber, means for flowing high-temperature raw water is connected. . 3. The liquid / liquid contact device according to claim 1 is used as a gas exchange cell, and the hollow fiber is provided with either a first liquid containing a first gas as a solute or a gas containing the gas. And a means for flowing either a second liquid having a second gas different from the first gas as a solute or a gas containing a second gas, to the container. Characteristic gas exchange device.