JPH0820389B2 - Method and apparatus for measuring melting characteristics of inorganic oxide - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for measuring the melting characteristics of inorganic oxides such as incinerated ash of sewage sludge.

BACKGROUND ART The procedure for measuring the melting characteristics of such an inorganic oxide complies with Japanese Industrial Standards, which is the method for measuring the melting characteristics of coke ash. This method observes the molten state of a sample composed of an inorganic oxide by the human eye,
The temperature is measured when the shape of the sample changes to a shape corresponding to the softening point, melting point, and melt flow point when the shape changes with heating.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention In such a prior art, it takes, for example, 2 to 3 hours to measure the melting property of one sample, and such melting property is 2 in accordance with Japanese Industrial Standards. It was necessary to measure the number of times, and therefore it was a long work.

In addition, since a human determines the melting state of the sample, individual differences occur.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for measuring the melting characteristics of an inorganic oxide, which are capable of automatically and accurately measuring the melting characteristics of the inorganic oxide.

Means for Solving the Problems The present invention is to mount a cubic shaped sample made of an inorganic oxide on a sample stand and heat it while measuring the temperature with the lapse of time. With a television camera having an optical axis perpendicular to the surface, the upper corners of the sample are imaged, and the temperature at the time when the shape change of the upper corners exceeds a predetermined change amount is set as a softening point, The width and height on the sample table are imaged with a TV camera, and the temperature of the sample at the time when the height reaches 1/2 of the width is the melting point, and the height of the imaged sample is 1 / of the melting point height.
It is a method for measuring the melting characteristics of an inorganic oxide, characterized in that the temperature and the melt point at the time when the temperature reaches 3 are set.

Further, the present invention, a heating means for heating a cubic shaped sample made of an inorganic oxide, a sample stage for mounting the sample, a television camera for imaging the sample, a temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the sample, Switching means for switching the imaging area of the TV camera between the upper corner of the sample and the entire area on the sample base based on the output of the TV camera, and imaging when the imaging area of the TV camera is the upper corner of the sample. The temperature detected by the temperature detecting means at the time when the shape change of the upper corner portion of the sample exceeds a predetermined change amount from the operation result is stored, and the switching area is used to capture the imaging area. Is switched to the entire area on the sample table, calculation is performed based on the captured image, and the height at the time when the height of the sample becomes 1/2 of the width from the calculation result and the temperature detected by the temperature detection means are displayed. Remember, the height of the sample is remembered above The temperature detected by the temperature detecting means at the time of 1/3 of the height is stored, and the stored detected temperatures are sequentially displayed as a softening point, a melting point, and a melting point, and the melting of the inorganic oxide is characterized. It is a characteristic measuring device.

Action According to the present invention, coal ash, coke ash, inorganic oxides such as incineration ash of sewage sludge is molded into a cube, so that the vertical surface of the molded sample is perpendicular to the optical axis of the television camera,
Place the sample on the sample table. The sample is heated while measuring the temperature over time, and is imaged by a television camera.

Initially, the television camera images the upper corners of the sample. With heating, the shape of the upper corner of the sample gradually collapses.
The temperature of the sample when this collapse reaches a predetermined amount is the softening point. Therefore, the softening point can be measured by comparing the image pickup result by the video camera and the shape predetermined as the softening point. In a specific device, the calculation is performed based on the captured image, and the calculation is performed by comparison with a predetermined reference change amount. The softening point is a range in which the image pickup area of the television camera is narrow at the upper corners and can be compared with an accurate reference amount.

Next, the image pickup area of the television camera is expanded to the entire area above the sample table. Due to the heating, the sample gradually becomes low in height and wide in width. Therefore, in the image pickup by the TV camera,
The height of the sample and the spread (width) on the sample stand are measured, and the temperature of the sample when the height becomes half the width is taken as the melting point, and only the height of the sample is measured, which is the melting point measurement. The temperature of the sample at 1/3 of the time is the melt point. Since the melting point and the melt point only measure the width and height of the image or only the height, accurate measurement can be performed even if the image capturing range of the television camera is relatively wide.

Since the softening point, melting point, and melt point are in accordance with the Japanese Industrial Standards, the labor of the operator can be reduced and the melting characteristics of the inorganic oxide can be accurately measured.

Embodiment FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. A television camera 2 is provided in association with the high temperature heating microscope 1.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the high temperature heating microscope 1. In the high temperature heating microscope 1, a sample 5 formed by molding an inorganic oxide powder is placed on a sample table 4 in the heating chamber 3. An electric heater 6 is provided in the heating chamber 3, and the heater 6 heats the sample 5 while measuring it with a thermocouple 8 as time passes. The light source 7 illuminates the sample 5.

The shape of the sample 5 in the heating chamber 3 can be imaged by the television camera 2 via the optical lens 9.

The composite video signal from the TV camera 2 is an image storage circuit.
Stored given to 10. The display means 11 displays the image of the sample 5 taken by the television camera 2. A signal representing the temperature measured by the thermocouple 8 is applied to the temperature conversion circuit 12 and converted into a digital value, and then applied to the processing circuit 13. The processing circuit 13 is connected to the image storage circuit 10. The calculation result by the processing circuit 13 is given to the printer 14, and the melting characteristic is output.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an area imaged by the television camera 2, and the imaging area is indicated by reference numeral 18.
When measuring the softening point of the sample 5, the area to be image-processed is set to a relatively narrow area indicated by the reference numeral 15, which makes it possible to measure the softening point with high accuracy. Imaged over the area indicated by reference numeral 16 for the determination of melting points and melt points. When setting this area 16, the bottom of the image processing area is aligned with the upper surface of the sample table 4. When measuring the melting point, this surface serves as the base reference.

When detecting the softening point, the area 15 becomes the image processing area as described above, and the state thereof is enlarged and shown in FIG. In this region 15, the portion of the sample 5 is set to the pixel of logic "1", and the bright remaining portion of the background is set to the pixel of logic "0", and thus the level discrimination is performed according to the brightness. The area 15 is binarized. TV camera 2
The optical axis of is perpendicular to the vertical surface of the cubic sample 5,
The region 15 in measuring the softening point is selected to include the corner 17 of the sample 5.

FIG. 5 shows a captured image of the television camera 2 showing a state when the melting point and the melt flow point of the sample 5 are measured. The image processing region 16 is based on the bottom of the sample 5 on the sample table 4, and when the width is W and the height is H, the melting point is This is the temperature measured by the thermocouple 8 when The melting point is the temperature detected by the thermocouple 8 when the height H of the sample 5 is further heated and reaches a value of 1/3 of the height at the time of measuring the melting point.

The operation of measuring the melting characteristic of the sample 5 will be described with reference to FIG. Moving from step n1 to step n2, first an image processing area is defined as indicated by reference numeral 15 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 for measuring the softening point. The corner 17 of the sample 5 is imaged by the television camera 2. After 900 ° C., the heater 6 heats the sample 5 by raising the temperature of the sample 5 at a rate of 5 ° C./min.

At step n3, the image of the area 18 picked up by the television camera 2 is binarized and stored in the image storage circuit 10.
At step n4, the number of pixels of the sample 5 in the area 15 is counted. As the sample 5 is heated, the corners 17 become rounded, and the number of pixels in the black logic "1" area corresponding to the sample 5 decreases from the initial value. The initial value is the number of pixels of the sample 5 in the state where the corner 17 of the sample 5 in the region 15 is not heated. Area 15
The difference between the initial value in and the number of pixels during heating is calculated.

At step n5, it is determined whether or not the difference reaches a predetermined value by performing a comparison calculation. The corners 17 of the sample 5 are softened by heating, are rounded, and the number of pixels of logic “1” of the sample 5 which is rounded and imaged by the television camera 2 is a predetermined number compared with the initial value. When it has decreased, the process proceeds to step n6, the temperature detected by the thermocouple 8 at that time is measured and stored, and the temperature is stored in the processing circuit 13 as the softening point, and the image of the softening point is obtained in step n7. Are stored in the image storage circuit 10.

Next, in order to measure the melting point and the melt flow point at step n8, the image processing area is set with reference to the upper surface of the sample table 4 as indicated by reference numeral 16 in FIGS. 3 and 5.
Therefore, the width W and the height H of the sample 5 are measured. Step
When it is determined in n9 that the first equation is satisfied, in step n10, the temperature detected by the thermocouple 8 at that time is measured as the melting point and stored in the processing circuit 13.

In step n11, the image of the sample 5 taken as the melting point is stored in the image storage circuit 10.

At step n12, the height H1 of the sample 5 is measured, and whether the measured value H1 becomes 1/3 of the height H at the time of melting point measurement is step n12.
Judgment in 13. The height H1 is the height H when measuring the melting point.
When it becomes 1/3, the temperature detected by the thermocouple 8 is changed to step n.
Process circuit 13
Store at. In step n15, the image of the sample 5 at the time when the melt flow point is measured is stored in the image processing circuit 10. In this way, the automatic measurement operation of the melting characteristic is completed in step n16, the data stored in the processing circuit 13 is printed by the printer 14 as necessary, and the step is performed.
All operations are completed with n17.

Sample 5 may be not only coal ash, coke ash, sewage sludge incineration ash, but also all inorganic oxides such as municipal waste incineration ash.

Effects As described above, according to the present invention, since the softening point, melting point and melt point of the inorganic oxide can be automatically obtained,
The labor of the operator can be remarkably reduced, and the error due to the individual difference of the operator is eliminated, and the accurate measured value of the melting characteristic can be obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a high temperature heating microscope 1, FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an image of a television camera 2, and FIG. 4 is image processing for measuring a softening point. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a region 15, and FIG. 5 is an image processing region for measuring a melting point and a melt flow point.
FIG. 16 and FIG. 6 are flow charts for explaining the operation of measuring the melting characteristic. 1 ... High temperature heating microscope, 2 ... TV camera, 3 ... Heating chamber, 4 ... Sample stage, 5 ... Sample, 6 ... Heater, 7 ...
... light source, 8 ... thermocouple, 10 ... image storage circuit, 11 ... display means, 12 ... temperature conversion circuit, 13 ... processing circuit, 14 ...
Printer, 15, 16 ... Image processing area, 18 ... Imaging area

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A cubic shaped sample made of an inorganic oxide is placed on a sample table and heated while measuring temperature over time, and an optical axis perpendicular to the vertical surface of the sample is obtained. With a television camera having an image of the upper corner of the sample, the temperature at the time when the shape change of the upper corner exceeds a predetermined change amount is set as a softening point, and the width and height of the sample on the sample table are increased. The temperature of the sample when the height is half the width is taken as the melting point, and the height of the imaged sample is 1 / the height of the melting point.
A method for measuring the melting characteristics of an inorganic oxide, characterized in that the temperature and the melt point at the time when the temperature reaches 3 are set. 2. A heating means for heating a cubic shaped sample made of an inorganic oxide, a sample stand for mounting the sample, a television camera for imaging the sample, and a temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the sample. Switching means for switching the imaging area of the television camera between the upper corner of the sample and the entire area on the sample base based on the output of the television camera; and when the imaging area of the television camera is the upper corner of the sample,
Calculation is performed based on the captured image, and the temperature detected by the temperature detection means at the time when the shape change of the upper corner of the sample exceeds a predetermined change amount from the calculation result is stored, and the temperature is detected by the switching means. The area is switched to the entire area on the sample table, calculation is performed based on the captured image, and the height of the sample becomes half the width from the calculation result, and the temperature detected by the temperature detection means Memorize the temperature detected by the temperature detecting means at the time when the height of the sample becomes 1/3 of the memorized height, the memorized temperature is sequentially stored as a softening point, a melting point and a melt point. An apparatus for measuring melting characteristics of an inorganic oxide, characterized by displaying.