JPH0829223B2 - Membrane separation method - Google Patents
Membrane separation methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0829223B2 JPH0829223B2 JP63098279A JP9827988A JPH0829223B2 JP H0829223 B2 JPH0829223 B2 JP H0829223B2 JP 63098279 A JP63098279 A JP 63098279A JP 9827988 A JP9827988 A JP 9827988A JP H0829223 B2 JPH0829223 B2 JP H0829223B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- reverse osmosis
- osmosis membrane
- component
- aqueous solution
- components
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 70
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title description 23
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 13
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 10
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 10
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000013375 chromatographic separation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013681 dietary sucrose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001612 separation test Methods 0.000 description 3
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 saccharose Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004043 trisaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 ＜産業上の利用分野＞ 本発明は逆浸透膜を用いて、水溶液中に含まれるたと
えば一糖類と二糖類の分離、あるいは一糖類と三糖類の
分離等のように、分子量の相違する有機成分を相互に分
離したり、あるいは水溶液中に含まれる塩化ナトリウム
と硫酸マグネシウム等のように分子量が相違する無機成
分を相互に分離したりする場合等に適用できる膜分離方
法に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <Industrial field of application> The present invention uses a reverse osmosis membrane to separate monosaccharides and disaccharides or monosaccharides and trisaccharides contained in an aqueous solution. , A membrane separation method applicable to separating organic components having different molecular weights from each other or inorganic components having different molecular weights such as sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate contained in an aqueous solution from each other It is about.
＜従来の技術＞ 従来からたとえばグルコース等の一糖類とサッカロー
ス等の二糖類を分離する場合、工業的に実施されている
方法として、モレキュラシーブや合成吸着剤やイオン交
換樹脂等の充填剤に対する選択吸着性の相違を利用した
クロマト分離の手法が用いられている。<Prior Art> Conventionally, when separating a monosaccharide such as glucose and a disaccharide such as saccharose, as an industrially practiced method, selective adsorption to a filler such as a molecular sieve, a synthetic adsorbent or an ion exchange resin is performed. A chromatographic separation method utilizing the difference in sex is used.
当該クロマト分離の手法を用いるクロマト分離装置は
処理容量に対して装置の規模が大きくなる傾向にあり、
かつ充填剤の汚染等の要因から適当な時期に回生処理を
したり、あるいは充填剤を再充填したりする必要がある
ので、設備費やランニングコストが高く、さらに設置面
積をかなり広く必要とし、かつ操作が複雑である等の問
題点がある。Chromatographic separation equipment using the chromatographic separation method tends to have a large scale relative to the processing capacity,
And because it is necessary to perform regenerative treatment or refill the filler at an appropriate time due to factors such as contamination of the filler, the equipment cost and running cost are high, and the installation area is considerably wide, In addition, there is a problem that the operation is complicated.
したがってこのような問題点を解決するものとして、
逆浸透膜の各成分の排除率の相違を利用して逆浸透膜装
置で二成分を分離しようとすることが考慮されている。Therefore, as a solution to these problems,
It is considered to try to separate two components in a reverse osmosis membrane device by utilizing the difference in the exclusion rate of each component of the reverse osmosis membrane.
すなわちたとえばグルコースとサッカロースの排除率
に顕著な差を有する逆浸透膜が存在すれば、これを用い
ることにより、透過液側に一方の成分を、非透過液側に
他方の成分を流出させることにより連続的に膜分離する
ことが可能となり、従来のクロマト分離装置と比較して
設備費、ランニングコストを大幅に削減でき、さらに設
置面積も少なくてすみ、かつ分離操作を極めて簡単にす
ることができる。That is, for example, if there is a reverse osmosis membrane having a significant difference in the exclusion rate of glucose and sucrose, by using this, one component can be discharged to the permeate side and the other component can be discharged to the non-permeate side. Capable of continuous membrane separation, significantly reducing equipment costs and running costs compared to conventional chromatographic separation equipment, and also occupying a small installation area and greatly simplifying separation operation. .
ところが逆浸透膜を用いる上述の分離方法は今のとこ
ろ理論上のことであり、実用化されていない。というの
は、現時点ではたとえばグルコースとサッカロースの分
離に用い得るような、両者の排除率に顕著な差を有する
逆浸透膜が出現していない。However, the above-mentioned separation method using a reverse osmosis membrane is theoretical at present and has not been put into practical use. This is because at the present time, a reverse osmosis membrane, which has a marked difference in exclusion rate between glucose and sucrose, which can be used for separation of glucose and sucrose, has not yet appeared.
したがって上記した理論に基づく逆浸透膜による成分
分離の開発の方向は、分離すべき両成分に対する排除率
に顕著な差を有する逆浸透膜の製造に目が向けられてい
るのが現状である。Therefore, in the present situation, the direction of development of the component separation by the reverse osmosis membrane based on the above theory is focused on the production of the reverse osmosis membrane having a significant difference in the exclusion rate for both components to be separated.
しかしながら種々の成分に対する分離に応じて、その
目的に合致する逆浸透膜を開発するためには、膨大な開
発費と時間を要するので、一朝一夕に各種の用途に応じ
た逆浸透膜が出現するはずもない。However, it takes enormous development cost and time to develop a reverse osmosis membrane that meets the purpose according to the separation of various components, so a reverse osmosis membrane according to various applications should appear overnight. Nor.
＜解決しようとする問題点＞ 本発明は上述した現状に鑑みてなされたもので、現在
市販されている一般的用途に使用されている逆浸透膜を
用いて、特定の外的要因を加えることにより、当該逆浸
透膜の性質を変化させ、水溶液中の二成分を効果的に分
離することができる膜分離方法を提供することを目的と
するものである。<Problems to be Solved> The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned current situation, and it is possible to add a specific external factor by using a reverse osmosis membrane currently used for general applications. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a membrane separation method capable of changing the properties of the reverse osmosis membrane and effectively separating two components in an aqueous solution.
＜問題点を解決するための手段＞ 上述した目的を達成するためになされた本発明による
膜分離方法は、塩化ナトリウムの排除率が95％以下の逆
浸透膜を用いて、相互に分子量の相違するＡ成分とＢ成
分とが水に溶解されていて、少なくともいずれが一方の
成分の分子量が1,000以下である水溶液から、Ａ成分と
Ｂ成分とを分離するにあたり、当該水溶液に極性有機溶
媒を溶解させてＡ成分とＢ成分との分離性を向上させる
ことを特徴とする膜分離方法である。<Means for Solving Problems> The membrane separation method according to the present invention made to achieve the above-mentioned object uses a reverse osmosis membrane having an exclusion rate of sodium chloride of 95% or less, and mutually different molecular weights. In separating an A component and a B component from an aqueous solution in which the A component and the B component are dissolved in water and at least one of which has a molecular weight of 1,000 or less, a polar organic solvent is dissolved in the aqueous solution. This is a membrane separation method characterized by improving the separability of the A component and the B component.
以下に本発明を詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
＜作用＞ 本発明者は市販されている塩化ナトリウムの排除率が
95％以下のいわゆる中脱塩率もしくは低脱塩率の逆浸透
膜を用いて、たとえばグルコースとサッカロースの分離
を試みたところ、グルコースとサッカロースを含む水溶
液に極性有機溶媒を溶解させて逆浸透膜処理すると、両
者の分離性が飛躍的に向上することを知見した。<Operation> The present inventor has the exclusion rate of commercially available sodium chloride.
When we tried to separate glucose and saccharose using a reverse osmosis membrane with a so-called medium desalination rate or low desalination rate of 95% or less, we solved the reverse osmosis membrane by dissolving a polar organic solvent in an aqueous solution containing glucose and sucrose. It was found that the treatment greatly improves the separability of the two.
極性有機溶媒を溶解させて逆浸透膜処理すると、いか
なる理由により分離性が向上するのか、今のところ明確
なる理論的根拠は得られていないが、極性有機溶媒の存
在により何等かの理由によって、使用する逆浸透膜のも
ともと有する性質が変化するものと推察される。For what reason the separability is improved when the polar organic solvent is dissolved and subjected to reverse osmosis membrane treatment, no clear theoretical basis has been obtained so far, but due to the presence of the polar organic solvent, It is inferred that the properties originally possessed by the reverse osmosis membrane used change.
本発明は上記知見に基づくものであり、本発明方法に
よって従来ではその目的に使用できなかった市販の逆浸
透膜を種々の物質の分離に用いることができるようにな
ったのである。The present invention is based on the above findings, and by the method of the present invention, it has become possible to use a commercially available reverse osmosis membrane, which could not be conventionally used for that purpose, in the separation of various substances.
本発明は基本的には、水溶液中に含まれている分子量
の相違するＡ成分とＢ成分を分離するにあたり、水溶液
中に極性有機溶媒を溶解することにより、分子量の小さ
い成分を逆浸透膜に透過させ、分子量の大きい成分を逆
浸透膜で排除し、分子量の小さい成分を多量に含む液を
透過液として得るとともに、分子量の大きい成分を多量
に含む液を非透過液として得ることにより、両成分を分
離するものである。The present invention basically involves separating a component A and a component B having different molecular weights contained in an aqueous solution into a reverse osmosis membrane by dissolving a polar organic solvent in the aqueous solution. By permeating and eliminating components with large molecular weight with a reverse osmosis membrane, and obtaining a liquid containing a large amount of components with a small molecular weight as a permeate, and a liquid containing a large amount of components with a large molecular weight as a non-permeate, It separates the components.
市販の塩化ナトリウムの排除率が95％以下の逆浸透膜
においては、上述した性質、すなわち分子量の小さい物
質を透過させ、分子量の大きい物質を排除する性質を、
もともと多少なりとも有しているが、しかしながらこの
差は微小であるので、両者の分離にそのまま用いること
は不可能であった。In a reverse osmosis membrane having a commercial sodium chloride exclusion rate of 95% or less, the above-mentioned property, that is, the property of permeating a substance having a small molecular weight and excluding a substance having a large molecular weight,
Originally, there was some, however, this difference was so small that it was impossible to use it as it was for the separation of the two.
ところがここに極性有機溶媒を溶解させるとその差が
顕著となり、両者を効果的に分離可能となったのであ
る。However, when the polar organic solvent was dissolved therein, the difference became remarkable, and the two could be effectively separated.
本発明に用いる極性有機溶媒は、処理しようとする水
溶液中に溶解するものでなければならず、通常はメタノ
ール、エタノール、イソプロパノール等の低級アルコー
ルあるいはアセトン、アセトニトリル等が用いられる。
なお極性有機溶媒の溶解量が多ければ多い程、分離性の
差がより顕著となる傾向にあるが、あまり多量に用いる
とそれだけ分離コストが向上し、また使用する逆浸透膜
の劣化も増加するので、これらを総合的に判断してその
溶解量を決定する必要がある。The polar organic solvent used in the present invention must be one that can be dissolved in the aqueous solution to be treated, and lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol, or acetone and acetonitrile are usually used.
It should be noted that the greater the amount of the polar organic solvent dissolved, the more noticeable the difference in separability tends to be, but if used in an excessively large amount, the separation cost will increase and the deterioration of the reverse osmosis membrane used will also increase. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively judge these and determine the amount of dissolution.
また使用する逆浸透膜としては、塩化ナトリウムの排
除率が95％以下、好ましくは当該排除率が80％ないし50
％前後のものが適しており、たとえば海水淡水化等に用
いられている、いわゆる高脱塩率の逆浸透膜は本発明に
用いることは困難である。The reverse osmosis membrane used has a sodium chloride exclusion rate of 95% or less, preferably 80% to 50%.
%, A reverse osmosis membrane having a high desalination rate, which is used for desalination of seawater and the like, is difficult to use in the present invention.
すなわち塩化ナトリウムの排除率が96％以上の逆浸透
膜は、もともと塩類含有水から塩類を排除して脱塩水を
得る目的に用いられるものであるから、水以外の物質を
透過させる性質を当初からほとんど有しておらず、した
がってこのような逆浸透膜を本発明に応用することは難
しい。なお塩化ナトリウムの排除率が95％以下の逆浸透
膜であれば、平膜状、管膜状、スパイラル状、フォロー
ファイバー状等、種々の形状の逆浸透膜を用いることが
でき、また逆浸透膜の材質も特に限定されない。In other words, a reverse osmosis membrane with a sodium chloride exclusion rate of 96% or more is originally used for the purpose of removing salts from salt-containing water to obtain demineralized water, and therefore has the property of permeating substances other than water from the beginning. It has few and therefore it is difficult to apply such a reverse osmosis membrane to the present invention. If the reverse osmosis membrane has a sodium chloride exclusion rate of 95% or less, it is possible to use reverse osmosis membranes of various shapes such as flat membrane, tubular membrane, spiral, follow fiber, etc. The material of the film is also not particularly limited.
次に本発明方法によって分離しようとする成分につい
て説明すると、基本的には相対的に分子量の小さい成分
を逆浸透膜に透過させ、相対的に分子量の大きい成分を
逆浸透膜に透過させないで分離するのであるから、分離
しようとする両成分の分子量が相違していることが必要
であり、同じ分子量あるいは近似する分子量を有する成
分どうしを分離することは困難である。Next, the components to be separated by the method of the present invention will be explained. Basically, components having a relatively small molecular weight are permeated through the reverse osmosis membrane, and components having a relatively large molecular weight are separated without permeating through the reverse osmosis membrane. Therefore, it is necessary that both components to be separated have different molecular weights, and it is difficult to separate components having the same or similar molecular weights.
また一方の成分を逆浸透膜に透過させるのであるか
ら、透過させるべき成分の分子量はなるべく小さい方が
有利であり、たとえ本発明方法を駆使したとしても分子
量1,000以上の成分を逆浸透膜に透過させることは難し
い。Further, since one component is permeated through the reverse osmosis membrane, it is advantageous that the molecular weight of the component to be permeated is as small as possible.Even if the method of the present invention is used, a component having a molecular weight of 1,000 or more permeates through the reverse osmosis membrane. It's difficult to get it done.
したがって分離しようとするＡ成分およびＢ成分の
内、少なくとも一方の成分の分子量は1,000以下である
ことを必要とする。Therefore, the molecular weight of at least one of the components A and B to be separated must be 1,000 or less.
なおＡ成分、Ｂ成分ともに分子量が1,000以下である
場合、Ａ成分とＢ成分の分子量が相違していれば本発明
が適用できることは言うまでもない。Needless to say, when the molecular weights of both the A component and the B component are 1,000 or less, the present invention can be applied if the molecular weights of the A component and the B component are different.
なお分離しようとするＡ成分、Ｂ成分としては、それ
ぞれ単一の両成分に限定されるものでなく、分子量が近
似している成分どうしをひとまとめにして成分群とし、
たとえばＡ成分群とＢ成分群、あるいはＡ成分群とＢ成
分（単独成分）、あるいはＡ成分（単独成分）とＢ成分
群等を相互に分離することも本発明の技術範囲に含まれ
る。The A component and the B component to be separated are not limited to both single components, and components having similar molecular weights are grouped together to form a component group,
For example, it is within the technical scope of the present invention to mutually separate the A component group and the B component group, the A component group and the B component (single component), or the A component (the single component) and the B component group.
本発明により、たとえば分子量の相対的に小さいグル
コースと分子量の相対的に大きいサッカロースとを含む
水溶液を逆浸透膜処理することにより、両成分を効果的
に分離できる。すなわち塩化ナトリウムの排除率が約50
％の逆浸透膜を用いて当該水溶液をそのまま逆浸透膜処
理した場合は、両成分の排除率にそれ程差がないので、
両成分を分離することができないが、当該水溶液に極性
有機溶媒としてエタノールを10〜30％溶解させると両成
分の排除率に顕著な差が生じ、分子量の小さいグルコー
スの排除率のみが小さくなり、グルコースが選択的に逆
浸透膜に透過し、両成分を分離することが可能となる。According to the present invention, both components can be effectively separated by subjecting an aqueous solution containing glucose having a relatively small molecular weight and sucrose having a relatively large molecular weight to reverse osmosis membrane treatment. That is, the rejection rate of sodium chloride is about 50.
%, When the aqueous solution is directly treated with a reverse osmosis membrane using a reverse osmosis membrane, the removal rates of both components are not so different,
Both components cannot be separated, but when 10 to 30% of ethanol is dissolved in the aqueous solution as a polar organic solvent, a significant difference occurs in the exclusion rate of both components, and only the exclusion rate of glucose having a small molecular weight becomes small, Glucose selectively permeates the reverse osmosis membrane, and it becomes possible to separate both components.
また本発明は分離しようとする物質が有機物質に限定
されず、たとえば分子量が相対的に小さく、一価の無機
塩である塩化ナトリウムと、分子量が相対的に大きく、
二価の無機塩である硫酸ナトリウムとを含む水溶液を逆
浸透膜処理することにより、両成分を効果的に分離する
ことができる。すなわち塩化ナトリウムの排除率が約60
％の逆浸透膜を用いて当該溶液にエタノール、イソプロ
パノール、アセトニトリル等の極性有機溶媒を溶解させ
て逆浸透膜処理すると、いずれの溶媒を加えた場合も、
塩化ナトリウムの排除率が相対的に小さくなり、塩化ナ
トリウムが逆浸透膜により透過し易くなるので、両成分
を分離することが可能となる。Further, in the present invention, the substance to be separated is not limited to an organic substance, for example, the molecular weight is relatively small, sodium chloride is a monovalent inorganic salt, and the molecular weight is relatively large,
Both components can be effectively separated by subjecting an aqueous solution containing sodium sulfate, which is a divalent inorganic salt, to a reverse osmosis membrane treatment. That is, the removal rate of sodium chloride is about 60.
When a polar organic solvent such as ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile is dissolved in the solution using a reverse osmosis membrane of 10%, and the reverse osmosis membrane treatment is performed, even when any solvent is added,
Since the rejection rate of sodium chloride becomes relatively small and sodium chloride easily permeates through the reverse osmosis membrane, both components can be separated.
＜効果＞ 以上説明したように本発明は分子量の相違するＡ成分
とＢ成分とが溶解されている水溶液を逆浸透膜処理で分
離するにあたり、当該水溶液に極性有機溶媒を溶解させ
て逆浸透膜処理するという簡単な操作で、相対的に分子
量の小さい成分を選択的に逆浸透膜に透過し易くするこ
とができるので、たとえば従来のクロマト分離、イオン
交換樹脂充填層を用いるイオン排除分離、透析等にかえ
て、簡単な操作で一糖類と多糖類の分離等の有機物質間
の分離、あるいは糖類等の有機物質と無機塩類の分離、
あるいは無機塩類間の分離等の用途に用いることがで
き、かつ設備費および設置面積を従来の処理装置よりも
小さくすることができる。以下に本発明の効果をより明
確とするために実施例を説明するが、本発明は以下の実
施例に限定されるものではない。<Effect> As described above, according to the present invention, when separating an aqueous solution in which the A component and the B component having different molecular weights are dissolved by a reverse osmosis membrane treatment, a polar organic solvent is dissolved in the aqueous solution to reverse osmosis membrane. With a simple operation of treatment, it is possible to selectively permeate relatively small molecular weight components into the reverse osmosis membrane. Therefore, for example, conventional chromatographic separation, ion exclusion separation using an ion exchange resin packed bed, dialysis. In place of the above, separation of organic substances such as separation of monosaccharides and polysaccharides or separation of organic substances such as sugars and inorganic salts by simple operation,
Alternatively, it can be used for applications such as separation between inorganic salts, and the equipment cost and installation area can be made smaller than those of conventional processing apparatuses. Examples will be described below to clarify the effects of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
実施例１ 平膜式膜分離試験装置で下記のような実験を行った。
すなわち使用した膜は、NaCl1,500ppm水溶液の排除率が
50％の低圧逆浸透膜（フイルムテック社製のFT−40）で
ある。操作圧は7.5kg/cm2で、N2ガスによる加圧で以下
の溶液を逆浸透膜に圧入した。逆浸透膜に供給する水溶
液は、グルコース（MW、180）、サッカロース（MW、34
2）の混合水溶液を用いた。濃度は各々2,000ppmであ
る。Example 1 The following experiment was conducted with a flat membrane type membrane separation test apparatus.
In other words, the used membrane has a rejection rate of 1,500 ppm NaCl aqueous solution.
It is a 50% low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane (FT-40 manufactured by Filmtec). The operating pressure was 7.5 kg / cm 2 , and the following solution was pressed into the reverse osmosis membrane by pressurization with N 2 gas. The aqueous solution supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane is glucose (MW, 180), sucrose (MW, 34).
The mixed aqueous solution of 2) was used. The concentration is 2,000 ppm each.
本発明としてエタノールをそれぞれ5wt％、10wt％、3
0wt％の濃度に溶解した水溶液と、比較例としてエタノ
ールを全く溶解させない水溶液とを用い、上述の条件で
逆浸透膜処理した。実験結果を第１表および第２表に示
す。In the present invention, ethanol is added in an amount of 5 wt%, 10 wt% and 3%, respectively.
Reverse osmosis membrane treatment was performed under the above conditions using an aqueous solution dissolved in a concentration of 0 wt% and an aqueous solution in which ethanol was not dissolved at all as a comparative example. The experimental results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
第１表に示した通り、エタノールの濃度を変化させる
ことによりグルコースの排除率が低下する。それに比較
してサッカロースの排除率の低下は少ない。したがっ
て、エタノールの添加によりグルコースとサッカロース
の分離効率は極めて高くなったことが確認された。 As shown in Table 1, changing the concentration of ethanol decreases the elimination rate of glucose. Compared to that, the reduction rate of sucrose is small. Therefore, it was confirmed that the separation efficiency of glucose and saccharose became extremely high by the addition of ethanol.
また第２表に示した通り、本発明により比較的純度の
高いグルコース液が得られる。Further, as shown in Table 2, the glucose solution of relatively high purity can be obtained by the present invention.
実施例２ NaCl1,500ppm水溶液の排除率が60％の低圧逆浸透膜で
ある日東電工（株）製のNTR−7250を用い、実施例１と
同様な平膜式分離試験装置を用い、水溶液として純水に
塩化ナトリウムと硫酸マグネシウムをそれぞれ1,500ppm
溶解させたものを用い、本発明方法として上記溶液にエ
タノールを溶解させて、実施例１と同じ加圧条件で逆浸
透膜処理した。また比較例としてエタノールを全く溶解
させない水溶液についても同じように逆浸透膜処理し
た。Example 2 NTR-7250 manufactured by Nitto Denko Co., Ltd., which is a low pressure reverse osmosis membrane having a rejection rate of 1,500 ppm of NaCl aqueous solution of 60%, and a flat membrane separation test apparatus similar to that of Example 1 were used to prepare an aqueous solution. 1,500ppm each of sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate in pure water
Using the dissolved one, ethanol was dissolved in the above solution as the method of the present invention, and the reverse osmosis membrane treatment was performed under the same pressure condition as in Example 1. As a comparative example, a reverse osmosis membrane treatment was similarly performed on an aqueous solution in which ethanol was not dissolved at all.
実験結果を第３表に示す。 The experimental results are shown in Table 3.
参考例 実施例２と同様な逆浸透膜と平膜式分離試験装置を用
い、純水に塩化ナトリウムを1,500ppm溶解させた水溶液
に、極性有機溶媒としてエタノール、イソプロパノー
ル、アセトニトリルをそれぞれ溶解させ、実施例１と同
じ加圧条件で逆浸透膜処理し、塩化ナトリウムの排除率
を測定した。なお比較例として極性有機溶媒を全く溶解
させない水溶液についても同じように逆浸透膜処理し
た。結果を第４表に示す。 Reference Example Using the same reverse osmosis membrane and flat membrane separation test apparatus as in Example 2, ethanol, isopropanol, and acetonitrile as polar organic solvents were dissolved in an aqueous solution of 1,500 ppm of sodium chloride dissolved in pure water. Reverse osmosis membrane treatment was performed under the same pressurization conditions as in Example 1, and the exclusion rate of sodium chloride was measured. As a comparative example, a reverse osmosis membrane treatment was similarly performed on an aqueous solution in which a polar organic solvent was not dissolved at all. The results are shown in Table 4.
なお第１表ないし第４表に示した数値は、いずれもFl
uxは安定した時点のものである。また実施例１、２およ
び参考例を行った後の膜分離性能を測定した結果、1,50
0ppm塩化ナトリウム水溶液における塩化ナトリウムの排
除率は実験前と同様であり、膜分離性能の変化はなかっ
た。 The numerical values shown in Tables 1 to 4 are all Fl
ux is at a stable point. Further, the results of measuring the membrane separation performance after carrying out Examples 1 and 2 and Reference Example showed 1,50
The exclusion rate of sodium chloride in 0 ppm sodium chloride aqueous solution was the same as before the experiment, and there was no change in the membrane separation performance.
実施例１、２、参考例の結果から水溶液中に含まれる
成分が有機物、無機物を問わず、水溶液に各種極性有機
溶媒を溶解することにより、逆浸透膜の各成分における
分離性能を調節することが可能であることが確認され
た。From the results of Examples 1 and 2 and Reference Example, regardless of whether the component contained in the aqueous solution is organic or inorganic, by dissolving various polar organic solvents in the aqueous solution, the separation performance of each component of the reverse osmosis membrane can be adjusted. Was confirmed to be possible.
Claims (1)
透膜を用いて、相互に分子量の相違するＡ成分とＢ成分
とが水に溶解されていて、少なくともいずれが一方の成
分の分子量が1,000以下である水溶液から、Ａ成分とＢ
成分を分離するにあたり、当該水溶液に極性有機溶媒を
溶解させてＡ成分とＢ成分との分離性を向上させること
を特徴とする膜分離方法。1. A reverse osmosis membrane having a sodium chloride exclusion rate of 95% or less is used to dissolve components A and B having different molecular weights in water, and at least one of them has a molecular weight of one component. A component and B from an aqueous solution of less than 1,000
In separating the components, a polar organic solvent is dissolved in the aqueous solution to improve the separability between the A component and the B component.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63098279A JPH0829223B2 (en) | 1988-04-22 | 1988-04-22 | Membrane separation method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63098279A JPH0829223B2 (en) | 1988-04-22 | 1988-04-22 | Membrane separation method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01281101A JPH01281101A (en) | 1989-11-13 |
| JPH0829223B2 true JPH0829223B2 (en) | 1996-03-27 |
Family
ID=14215494
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63098279A Expired - Fee Related JPH0829223B2 (en) | 1988-04-22 | 1988-04-22 | Membrane separation method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0829223B2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS59156402A (en) * | 1983-02-28 | 1984-09-05 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | Concentration of organic substance by reverse osmosis membrane |
-
1988
- 1988-04-22 JP JP63098279A patent/JPH0829223B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH01281101A (en) | 1989-11-13 |
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