JPH08534B2 - Ventilation system for vehicles - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vehicle ventilator, and more particularly to a vehicle ventilator suitable for a railway vehicle traveling at high speed in a tunnel.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a vehicle ventilation device used for a railroad vehicle traveling at high speed, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-29 is known.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-119470, which uses an elastic body that is cantilevered so as to be deformable in response to a pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the vehicle as described in Japanese Patent No. 9475. There is a guide plate provided to reduce the transmission of pressure fluctuations to the flexible plate.

[0003]

The object of the invention is to be Solved by the prior art described above smell
Te, when the elastic member is cantilevered so as to vary the air passage area corresponding to the pressure difference between inside and outside the vehicle or the deflection plates to block the air passage, it revealed that the self-excited vibration is generated
It was. This is expected to shorten the life of the flexible plate.

It is an object of the present invention to improve the life of flexure plates.
There is something to do.

[0005]

The above-mentioned objects are as follows.
Of at least one flexure plate in a flexible ventilation system
And the ventilation path are connected by one damper, and the damper is
And a piston that moves in the cylinder.
And can be achieved by

[0006]

[Operation] The flexure plate is supported by the damper when flexing
Then, if the force that overcomes the force of the damper does not act, the vibration is generated.
Does not live This prevents self-excited vibration when the flexible plate bends.
It is possible. Also, using a damper like this
Since there is only one damper, it is easy to configure and
In addition, it has little aging and can be highly reliable.
It Also, since only one damper is required, the rigidity and
And easy to use without affecting the natural frequency
And can be easily designed.

Here, the above-mentioned known ventilation device will be explained.
Clearly, when the vehicles pass each other in the tunnel , the vehicle exterior pressure suddenly changes from the atmospheric pressure P ₀ to the positive pressure and the negative pressure as shown by the solid lines C and D in FIG. 5, but the action of the elastic body and the flexible plate occurs. As a result, the pressure fluctuations at the inlet of the air supply device and the outlet of the exhaust device are alleviated as indicated by the dotted line. Thereby,
Since the pressure change inside the vehicle is suppressed, passengers are not made uncomfortable .

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.
Will be described. In FIG. 4, 1 is an air supply device installed between the roof and the ceiling of the vehicle, and 2 is a fresh outside air intake for taking in outside air into the air supply device 1. Three
Is a blower for air supply that constitutes the air supply device 1. Four
Is a pressure relieving mechanism mounted near the inlet of the air supply device 1, that is, in the ventilation passage upstream of the blower 3. Reference numeral 5 is an air conditioning duct for supplying the fresh air from the air supply device 1 to the passenger compartment 7. Reference numeral 6 denotes a discharge grill installed in the air conditioning duct 5. Reference numeral 8 denotes an exhaust grill that is installed at the bottom of the passenger compartment 7 to exhaust the polluted air inside the vehicle to the outside of the vehicle. Reference numeral 9 is an exhaust duct in which the exhaust grill 8 is installed. An exhaust device 10 is installed under the floor of the vehicle and sucks the contaminated air in the passenger compartment 7 through the exhaust duct 9 and discharges the air out of the vehicle. Reference numeral 11 denotes an exhaust blower that constitutes the exhaust device 10. Reference numeral 12 denotes a pressure relief mechanism mounted near the outlet of the exhaust device 10, that is, in a ventilation passage downstream of the blower 11.

1 to 3 show the detailed structure and operating condition of the pressure relief mechanism 4 or 12. As shown in FIG. In the figure, 13a and 13b are pressure relief mechanisms 4 (or 1
A flexible plate used for 2) for changing the ventilation passage area, one end of which is fixed to the inner surface of the ventilation passage and the other end of which is a free end. The flexible plate 13a is disposed upstream of the flexible plate 13b in the airflow of the ventilation passage, and the flexible plate 13b is disposed downstream and at a distance allowing contact in a bent state of both tip portions. Has been done. The bending plates 13a and 13b are oriented in opposite directions to each other, and are arranged so that the tips of the two plates come into contact with each other, as described above. 14a and 14b are flexible plates 13a,
13b is a stopper arranged corresponding to 13b. The stopper 14a allows the air to flow backward in the ventilation passage (that is, the air supply device 1
The air flow from the blower 3 and the blower 11 of the exhaust device 10
And the flow is in the opposite direction, and the external pressure is large, either positive or negative.
It occurs when there is a significant change. Stopper 14a is the most upstream side
It is in. The flexible plate 13a is held so as not to bend in the opposite direction. The stopper 14b is the flexible plate 14b.
Hold so that it does not bend to the downstream side more than necessary. Each of the stoppers 14a and 14b is formed by a so-called punching plate whose cross section in the width direction is formed in a substantially U-shape and which has small holes for easily transmitting pressure to the flexible plates 13a and 13b. The flange portions on both sides in the width direction of the stoppers 14a and 14b are respectively joined to the opposite wall surfaces of the ventilation passage, and also have a role of reinforcing the wall surfaces. The contact surface of the stopper 14a with the flexible plate 13a is formed to be substantially flat, and the contact surface of the stopper 14b with the flexible plate 13b is curved so that the contact surface with the flexible plate 13b is bent to the downstream side. Is configured to be. The dotted line shows the natural state of the flexible plates 13a and 13b.
It Reference numeral 15 is a variable cushioning mechanism that is pin-coupled to the side of the flexible plate 13a opposite to the stopper 14a.
It acts when a bends in the direction opposite to the stopper 14a. The variable buffer mechanism 15 avoids the contact point when the flexible plates 13a are cut off from each other so that the damping force is most efficiently applied to the flexible plates 13a and does not become a resistance to the flow of the ventilation passage. Pin the pin as close to the tip side as possible, and connect the other end to the side surface of the inner wall of the pressure relief mechanism 4 (or 12) by 7
Pins are connected to the upper and lower surfaces of the inner wall within a range where an acute angle of 0 ° can be formed. 16a and 16b are the flexible plates 13a and 1
3b is a fixed cushioning material provided on the side opposite to the side where the stoppers 14a and 14b are installed. The fixed cushioning members 16a and 16b are installed at positions near the fixed ends of the flexible plates 13a and 13b, and are for relieving stress concentration at the fixed ends. The variable cushioning mechanism 15 and the fixed cushioning members 16a, 16b are provided so as to restrain the movement of the bending plates 13a, 13b when the ventilation passages are blocked and not to interfere with the movements of the bending plates arranged facing each other. .

As the variable buffer mechanism 15, for example, an oil damper or a gas damper having a cylinder and a piston is used. The stroke of the variable cushioning mechanism 15 is set so that the flexible plate 13a to which the variable cushioning mechanism 15 is attached flexes and its tip can contact the flexible plate 13b on the opposite side.

Normally, the fluctuations in the vehicle exterior pressure of a railroad vehicle traveling at a high speed change in waves rather than quantitatively. Therefore, when the pressure fluctuation acts on the flexible plate not provided with the variable cushioning mechanism 15, the pressure difference between the upstream side and the downstream side of the flexible plate becomes a predetermined value, and the wave motion acts in this state. In this case, self-excited vibration occurs on the flexible plate.
In detail, after the movement of the flexible plate exceeds a predetermined speed, the flexible plate attempts to return to its original state due to its own repulsive force. In such a state, the wave-changing pressure fluctuation acts on the flexible plate, so that the flexible plate bends again, and this operation is repeated to cause self-excited vibration. This self-excited vibration occurs near the maximum bending position of the bending plate. As the damping capacity of the variable damping mechanism 15, it is sufficient that it has a capacity of suppressing self-excited vibration of the flexible plate.

As an example of the fixed cushioning materials 16a and 16b, a pillar is provided at the center, and the periphery thereof is made of an elastic body such as rubber. Here, it is not necessary to install the variable cushioning mechanism 15 and the fixed cushioning material 16b in a pair, and both may be configured by various dampers that form the variable cushioning mechanism.

In the pressure easing mechanism 4 (or 12) constructed as described above, a sudden positive or negative pressure fluctuation from the outside of the vehicle is applied as indicated by arrow A or arrow A as shown in FIGS. At this time, the bending plates 13a and 13b are bent due to the pressure difference between the front and rear sides thereof, that is, the pressure difference between the upstream side and the downstream side of the ventilation path of each bending plate. As a result, it is possible to change the ventilation passage area in accordance with the direction and the magnitude of the pressure variation outside the vehicle.

At this time, when the operating speed immediately before the flexible plate 13a shuts off the ventilation passage reaches a predetermined speed, the elastic force momentarily tries to overcome the pressure difference and returns to the original state, but due to the next pressure wave. It is pressed again, and self-excited vibration is generated by the wave motions upstream and downstream of the flexible plate 13a. Variable buffer mechanism 15
Due to its damping effect, this self-excited vibration can be prevented. Moreover, when the flexible plate 13a shuts off the ventilation passage, the variable cushioning mechanism 15 reaches the stroke end and restrains the flexure, so that it is possible to prevent an increase in stress in the fixing portion of the flexible plate 13a.

In this way, the flexible plate 13a is attached to the variable cushioning mechanism 1.
By installing 5, the self-excited vibration of the flexible plate 13a can be prevented, and the frequency of flexure of the flexible plate 13a itself can be reduced by the prevention of the self-excited vibration. As a result, the load on the flexible plate 13a, that is, fatigue, can be reduced and the life can be extended.

Fixed cushioning materials 16a and 16b are installed near the fixing portions of the flexible plates 13a and 13b, and the fixed cushioning materials 16a and 16b prevent the flexible plates 13a and 13b from flexing more than necessary. is set up. Therefore, it is possible to suppress stress concentration in the fixed portions of the flexible plates 13a and 13b. By suppressing the stress concentration and reducing the bending frequency, the load on the entire bending plates 13a and 13b can be reduced.

As described above, the variable shock absorbing mechanism 15 is
Since the damper is used, only one damper (15) is required.
Reliable, easy to configure, less susceptible to aging
It is possible to increase the sex. Also, the damper (15) is 1
The flexural plate stiffness and natural frequency
No need to give, easy to use, easy to design
It is a thing.

Further , the variable cushioning mechanism (damper) 15 is bent.
Between the tip of the plate 13a and the fixed end of the flexible plate 13a
Since the flexible plate 13a is connected to the flexible plate 13a,
When bent, the tip contacting the flexible plate 13b, the damper (1
5), and will be supported at 3 points of fixed end
The stress on the fixed end of the flexible plate 13a can be prevented from increasing, and
It can be a lifetime.

Further, a damper (1
5a) is installed downstream of the flexible plate 13a.
Therefore, compared to the case where it is installed on the upstream side, the ventilation of the air supply device 1
For the air flow by the blower 11 of the machine 3 and the exhaust device 10.
It does not become a resistance.

Further , the flexible plates 13a and 13b are the stoppers 1.
When contacting 4a, 14b, when closing the ventilation passage
is there. It is the opposite that the flexible plate 13a contacts the stopper 14a.
When the flow occurs, the flexible plate 13b is stopped by the stopper 14b.
Is in contact with the air flow rate of the air flow by the blower
When is too large. Therefore, the stopper 14
Desirably, a and 14b are configured to block passages.
Good The stoppers 14a and 14b are U-shaped and are shown in FIG.
The upper and lower pieces (flange) are joined to the wall surface of the ventilation passage.
The upper and lower pieces are parallel to the flexible plates 13a and 13b.
Is on the side. That is, the stoppers 14a and 14b
The upper and lower parts of can be said to be L-shaped. This stopper 14a, 1
4b extends from the fixed end of the flexible plates 13a, 13b along the tip
It is provided. Therefore, the flexible plates 13a and 13b are
The upper and lower parts of the flexible plate when contacting the rollers 14a and 14b
The amount of air that flows from the
In comparison, it can be reduced. Therefore, this part
The tightening performance of the
Therefore, the occurrence of passenger's ear pain can be reduced.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In the figure, the same reference numerals as those used in the first embodiment denote the same members. In the state of 17 which is replaced with the fixed cushioning member 16, the flexible plates 13a and 13b are restrained on the upper and lower surfaces of the inner wall of the ventilation passage in accordance with the deformed shape of each of the flexible plates 13a and 13b. It is a guide stopper installed so that it can be done. Flexible plate 13
The guide stopper 17 corresponding to a is installed on the downstream side of the flexible plate 13a. The guide stopper 17 corresponding to the flexible plate 13b is installed on the upstream side of the flexible plate 13b. As described above, each guide stopper 17 is formed so as to come into contact with the entire surface of the flexible plate in a shape that matches the deformed state of the flexible plate, and the flexible plates 13a and 13b are in contact with each other. It has a structure that closes the gap between and the inner surface of the ventilation path.

As described above, the flexible plates 13a and 13b and the respective guide stoppers 17 are in surface contact with each other,
When the flexible plates 13a and 13b block the ventilation passage, the flexure of the corresponding one of the guide stoppers 17 can be restrained. Therefore, it is possible to prevent an increase in stress on the flexible plates 13a and 13b. In addition, a fixed gap is provided between the flexible plates 13a and 13b and the upper and lower surfaces of the inner wall of the ventilation passage for adjusting the air volume.
When b blocks the ventilation passage, the narrower the gap, the greater the blocking effect, which is advantageous. In the structure of this example,
By making the flexible plates 13a and 13b and the guide stopper 17 come into surface contact with each other, it is possible to completely eliminate the gap at least in that range. Therefore, the flexible plates 13a, 13b
Thus, it is possible to improve the blocking efficiency of the ventilation passage and further suppress the transmission of pressure fluctuations into the vehicle.

Next, a third embodiment of the present invention that describes the FIGS. In the figure, the same reference numerals as those used in the second embodiment denote the same members. Reference numeral 18 denotes a spacer which is installed on the upper and lower surfaces of the inner wall of the ventilation passage in place of the guide stopper 17 and has a wedge-shaped cross section so that the gap becomes narrower along with the deformation of the flexible plates 13a and 13b. Further, the spacer 18 is configured so that the gap between the flexible plates 13a and 13b and the flexible plates 13a and 13b becomes small when the flexible plates 13a and 13b block the ventilation passage . Space over support 18 is wedge
Because of the shape , the resistance of the ventilation passage can be reduced as compared with the above-described embodiment.

Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, the shape of the spacer 18 of the third embodiment is changed, and a spacer 18 'having a rectangular cross section is used. The case of the flexible plate 13a will be described as an example. In the steady state of the flexible plate 13a, that is, in the state in which the flexible plate 13a is moved slightly downstream of the point A, the area of the ventilation passage formed between the flexible plate 13a and the flexible plate 13b can be ensured to be wider than that in the above-described embodiment. Moreover, when the flexible plate 13a is held at the steady state point A, a certain gap can be secured between the flexible plate 13a and the upper and lower surfaces of the inner wall of the ventilation passage.
By adjusting the size of this gap, the air volume of the pressure relief mechanism can be adjusted relatively easily.

Pressure relief mechanism 4 associated with increase in external pressure fluctuations
(Or 12) to cope with the increase in the operating frequency,
It is necessary to devise to reduce the stress generated at the base portion of the flexible plate, that is, near the fixed portion. Therefore, the fifth and sixth embodiments of the present invention improved in this respect will be described with reference to FIGS.
Will be described. Only the flexible plate is shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, and the other structures are omitted.

Since the stress generated at the base of the flexible plate is inversely proportional to the square of the plate thickness, in the case of the fifth embodiment of FIG. 12, the base of the flexible plate 13 'is made thick and the tip end thereof is made thick. It is configured such that the plate thickness becomes thinner toward the portion. With such a configuration, the flexible plate 13 'can suppress the stress generated in the root portion due to its own structure.

In the case of the sixth embodiment of FIG. 13, the flexible plate 13 '.
It has a structure in which the root part of ´ is a laminated plate. Since the flexible plate 13 ″ does not change the plate thickness, it is easy to process. Further, the stress in the root portion can be suppressed in substantially the same manner as in the fifth embodiment.

As described above, according to the fifth and sixth embodiments, by reducing the stress of the fixed portion of the flexible plate, it is possible to provide the strength enough to cope with the increase in the operation frequency.

Next, a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15. In the figure, the same reference numerals as those of the above-described embodiments denote the same members. In a normal ventilation and ventilation state, the flexible plate 13b on the downstream side is constantly pressed against the stopper 14b by wind pressure. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the elastic force in the direction opposite to the blowing direction in order to block the ventilation passage when the vehicle exterior pressure in the direction opposite to the blowing direction acts. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
The elastic force can be increased by installing b so as to come into contact with the upstream flexible plate 13a in advance, and at that time, the downstream flexible plate 13b is placed on the stopper 14b in the normal ventilation and ventilation state as shown in FIG. Since it is pressed down, the amount of change in stress is the same as when it is placed in parallel.

According to this structure, the flexible plate 13b operates sensitively when the air flows backward through the ventilation passage, and the influence of the pressure fluctuation outside the vehicle on the inside of the vehicle can be minimized.

According to each of the above-described embodiments, the pressure relief mechanism is provided near the inlet of the air supply device and near the outlet of the exhaust device, so that the pressure difference between the front and the rear of each blower is controlled as shown in FIG. Because it can be greatly reduced compared to the difference,
Each of the blowers can have a low pressure characteristic and a small capacity. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the pressure change in the vehicle and reduce power consumption.

Further, by providing the variable cushioning mechanism 15 and the fixed cushioning material 16, the guide stopper 17, etc., the life of the flexible plate 13 can be remarkably improved, and maintenance is possible for a long period of time. Pressure relief mechanism 4 and 12
It is possible to improve the reliability.

[0033]

According to the present invention, the self-excited vibration of the flexible plate is suppressed.
It can be controlled and can have a long life. Also,
Since only one damper is required as the means, the configuration can be simplified.
It can be done easily, has little aging, and is highly reliable.
It is something. Also, since only one damper is required, the flexible plate
It does not affect the rigidity and natural frequency of the
It is easy to use and easy to design.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a pressure relief mechanism in a first embodiment of a ventilation device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a state in which a pressure fluctuation in an opposite direction acts on the pressure relaxation mechanism of FIG.

3 is a perspective view of the pressure relief mechanism of FIG. 1. FIG.

FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the vehicle body showing the entire structure of the ventilation device of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing a pressure fluctuation state at the time of mutual friction in a tunnel during high-speed running of a railway vehicle.

FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a pressure relaxation mechanism according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

7 is a plan view showing a state in which a pressure fluctuation in the opposite direction acts on the pressure relaxation mechanism of FIG.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the pressure relief mechanism of FIG.

FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a pressure relaxation mechanism according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

10 is a cross-sectional view of a flexible plate portion on the upstream side of FIG.

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of the same portion as FIG. 10 showing a pressure relief mechanism of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a plan view showing a pressure relaxation mechanism according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a plan view showing a pressure relaxation mechanism according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a plan view showing a pressure relaxation mechanism of a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

15 is a plan view of the pressure relief mechanism of FIG. 14 when pressure fluctuations in the opposite direction act.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Air supply device, 4, 12 ... Pressure relief mechanism,
10 ... Exhaust devices, 13a, 13b, 13 ', 13
Bending plate, 14a, 14b ... Stopper, 15 ... Variable cushioning mechanism, 16 ... Fixed cushioning material, 17 ... Guide stopper, 18, 18 '...・
·Spacer.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Masakazu Matsumoto 794 Azuma Higashitoyo, Kudamatsu City, Yamaguchi Prefecture Stock company Hitachi Ltd. in the Kasado Plant (56) References: Kaihei 1-80513 (JP, U)

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A ventilation passage for supplying air outside the vehicle to the inside of the vehicle or for supplying air inside the vehicle to the outside of the vehicle, and two flexible plates installed in the ventilation passage along the air flow direction,
One end of each of the flexible plates is fixed to the wall of the ventilation passage and the other end is free, and the fixed ends of the flexible plates are arranged alternately, so that the air flowing in the ventilation passage is A ventilation device for a vehicle, wherein the free end of a bending plate on the upstream side bends toward the bending plate on the downstream side due to an increase in flow to reduce the air passage, and at least one portion of the bending plate and the air passage. A ventilating device for a vehicle, comprising: a damper that connects the cylinder and the cylinder, and the damper includes a cylinder and a piston that moves in the cylinder. 2. The ventilation device for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the damper is connected to the flexible plate between a tip of the flexible plate and a fixed end of the flexible plate, and the flexible plate is the most A ventilator for a vehicle, characterized in that, when it is bent, its tip comes into contact with the ventilation passage. 3. The vehicle ventilator according to claim 1, wherein the damper is installed on the downstream side of the flexible plate in the air flow direction of the blower.