JPH088113B2 - Fuel cell generator - Google Patents
Fuel cell generatorInfo
- Publication number
- JPH088113B2 JPH088113B2 JP1297471A JP29747189A JPH088113B2 JP H088113 B2 JPH088113 B2 JP H088113B2 JP 1297471 A JP1297471 A JP 1297471A JP 29747189 A JP29747189 A JP 29747189A JP H088113 B2 JPH088113 B2 JP H088113B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- fuel cell
- air
- electrode
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 ［産業上の利用分野］ この発明は、燃料電池発電装置に関し、さらに詳しく
いうと、燃料電池本体と燃料改質処理装置を含み、特
に、運転停止作用を改良した燃料電池発電装置に関する
ものである。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a fuel cell power generator, and more particularly, to a fuel cell main body and a fuel reforming treatment device, and in particular to a fuel with an improved operation stopping action. The present invention relates to a battery power generator.
［従来の技術］ 第３図は、例えば特開昭60-138854号公報に示された
従来の燃料電池発電装置を示し、図において、燃料電池
本体（１）に、抵抗器（２）が並列に接続され、開閉器
（３）が燃料電池本体（１）と抵抗器（２）とを接続し
ている。空気供給路（４）、燃料供給路（５）はそれぞ
れ空気と燃料を燃料電池本体（１）の空気極、燃料極に
供給し、化学反応により直流電力を発する。燃料電池本
体（１）の出力は、直流遮断器（６）を経て負荷装置
（７）に接続されている。[Prior Art] FIG. 3 shows a conventional fuel cell power generator shown in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 60-138854, in which a resistor (2) is connected in parallel to a fuel cell body (1). The switch (3) connects the fuel cell body (1) and the resistor (2). The air supply passage (4) and the fuel supply passage (5) respectively supply air and fuel to the air electrode and the fuel electrode of the fuel cell body (1), and generate DC power by a chemical reaction. The output of the fuel cell body (1) is connected to the load device (7) via the DC circuit breaker (6).
次に動作について説明する。いま、燃料電池発電装置
が定常運転を行っていると直流遮断器（６）が投入され
ており、燃料電池本体（１）に負荷装置（７）が接続さ
れている。ここで、負荷装置（７）に短絡事故が発生し
たとすると、制御装置（図示せず）からの信号により、
直流遮断器（６）をトリップして負荷装置（７）を切離
す。それと同時に開閉器（３）を投入し、抵抗器（２）
に燃料電池本体（１）の出力を与える。また、燃料電池
本体（１）の運転を停止するため空気供給路（４）と、
燃料供給器（５）より供給される反応ガスの流量を徐々
に絞っていく。流量が零になった後、開閉器（３）を開
き抵抗器（２）を切離し、停止動作を終了する。Next, the operation will be described. Now, when the fuel cell power generator is in steady operation, the DC circuit breaker (6) is turned on, and the load device (7) is connected to the fuel cell main body (1). If a short circuit accident occurs in the load device (7), a signal from a control device (not shown) causes
The DC breaker (6) is tripped to disconnect the load device (7). At the same time, switch (3) is turned on and resistor (2)
The output of the fuel cell body (1) is given to. In addition, an air supply path (4) for stopping the operation of the fuel cell body (1),
The flow rate of the reaction gas supplied from the fuel supplier (5) is gradually reduced. After the flow rate becomes zero, the switch (3) is opened, the resistor (2) is disconnected, and the stop operation is completed.
［発明が解決しようとする課題］ 従来の燃料電池発電装置は、負荷遮断が以上のように
行われるので、空気および燃料供給量が零となった制御
動作終了後も、電池本体内に残った（電極に付着したも
のを含む）反応ガスにより空気極は高い電位におかれ
（以降、残留電圧と呼ぶ）、電池劣化の要因となるとい
う問題があった。これは、負荷遮断に限らず、一般の停
止時にも問題となる。この問題の改善のため、本発明者
らは、さきに、残留電圧を放電抵抗で解消する燃料電池
発電システムを提案した（特開昭63-181268号公報）。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In the conventional fuel cell power generation device, since the load is cut off as described above, the fuel cell power generation device remains in the cell body even after the control operation when the air and fuel supply amounts become zero. There has been a problem that the air electrode is kept at a high potential (hereinafter referred to as residual voltage) by the reaction gas (including that attached to the electrode), which causes deterioration of the battery. This is not only a problem in load shedding but also a problem in general stoppage. In order to improve this problem, the present inventors have previously proposed a fuel cell power generation system that eliminates residual voltage with discharge resistance (JP-A-63-181268).
燃料電池発電システム全体における負荷遮断・停止時
の問題点をまとめると次のようで、（１）燃料改質処理
装置中に負荷遮断・停止直後には原燃料ガスが存在し、
改質処理装置の触媒が劣化する。（２）燃料電池空気極
には空気（酸化剤）が残留し電極が高い電位におかれる
ため電極の触媒が劣化する。また、残留電圧解消のため
放電負荷を取った場合、一部のセルで燃料の欠乏が生じ
るとその部分のセルの電極が反応し劣化する。なお、燃
料極の劣化は、燃料極で燃料の欠乏が起こると反応に必
要なH2は燃料極材料であるＣが反応を生じ（例えば、Ｃ
＋H2Ｏ→CO＋H2、Ｃ＋２H2Ｏ→CO2＋２H2等）、燃料極
の損傷が起こるからである。（３）システムの各機器お
よび配管内に可燃性ガスが残留し安全性が十分でない。
また、各機器別に不活性ガスによりパージすると不活性
ガスの消費量が多くなる。などが考えられる。The problems at the time of load shedding and stopping in the entire fuel cell power generation system are summarized as follows. (1) Raw fuel gas exists immediately after the load shedding and stopping in the fuel reforming treatment device,
The catalyst of the reforming treatment device deteriorates. (2) Air (oxidizer) remains on the air electrode of the fuel cell and the electrode is placed at a high potential, so that the catalyst of the electrode deteriorates. Further, when a discharge load is applied to eliminate the residual voltage, if the fuel becomes deficient in some cells, the electrodes of those cells react and deteriorate. It should be noted that the deterioration of the fuel electrode is such that when a fuel deficiency occurs in the fuel electrode, H 2 necessary for the reaction is reacted with C which is the fuel electrode material (eg, C
+ H 2 O → CO + H 2 , C + 2H 2 O → CO 2 + 2H 2, etc.), and the fuel electrode is damaged. (3) Inflammable gas remains in each device and piping of the system, and safety is not sufficient.
In addition, if each device is purged with an inert gas, the consumption amount of the inert gas increases. And so on.
この発明は上記のような課題を解消するためになされ
たもので、残留電圧対策を行うことにより、電池に悪影
響を与えることなく速やかに、また、少量の不活性パー
ジガスで発電系内に可燃性ガスを残すことなく安全に停
止することができる燃料電池発電装置を得ることを目的
とする。The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and by taking measures against residual voltage, it is possible to quickly and without adversely affecting the battery, and to combust the power generation system with a small amount of inert purge gas. An object of the present invention is to obtain a fuel cell power generation device that can be safely stopped without leaving gas.
［課題を解決するための手段］ この発明に係る燃料電池発電装置は、運転停止時に、
空気系統は燃料電池本体の空気極ラインを直接に、燃料
系統は燃料改質処理装置の改質原料上流ラインより燃料
電池本体の燃料極を経由し、燃料改質処理装置中の燃焼
器および改質炉内をシリーズに不活性ガスでパージする
とともに、燃料電池本体の残留電圧を連続的に放電させ
る放電負荷とその開閉器を備えたものである。[Means for Solving the Problems] The fuel cell power generator according to the present invention is
The air system goes directly to the air electrode line of the fuel cell main body, and the fuel system goes from the reforming raw material upstream line of the fuel reforming treatment equipment to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell main body, and the combustor and the reformer in the fuel reforming treatment equipment are connected. It is equipped with a discharge load and a switch for continuously discharging the residual voltage of the fuel cell main body while purging the inside of the quality furnace with an inert gas.
［作用］ この発明においては、不活性ガスにより空気系統およ
び燃料系統をパージすることと燃料電池本体と並列に接
続された放電負荷を電池電圧を監視しながらその開閉器
を制御することにより、残留電圧を低下させる。このと
き、燃料系統のパージは燃料改質処理装置の上流ライン
より行い、燃料電池本体内の燃料極のパージを空気極の
パージよりも実質的に遅らせ、残留電圧放電時の電極へ
の悪影響を防止すると共に、燃料系統のシリーズなパー
ジにより不活性ガスの消費量が少なくなる。[Operation] In the present invention, by purging the air system and the fuel system with an inert gas and controlling the switch of the discharge load connected in parallel with the fuel cell main body while monitoring the cell voltage, the residual load is eliminated. Reduce the voltage. At this time, the purging of the fuel system is performed from the upstream line of the fuel reforming treatment device, and the purging of the fuel electrode in the fuel cell body is substantially delayed as compared with the purging of the air electrode, which may adversely affect the electrodes during residual voltage discharge. In addition to the prevention, the series purge of the fuel system reduces the consumption of inert gas.
［実施例］ 以下、この発明の実施例を第１図、第２図について説
明する。第１図において、改質器（８）は、改質炉（8
a）、改質反応器（8b）、燃焼器（バーナ）（8c）から
なっている。転化器（９）は改質器（８）で改質された
ガスをさらに水素リッチに転化反応させるものである。
燃料電池本体（10）は、空気極（10a）、燃料極（10
b）、出力端子（10c）、冷却器（10d）などからなって
いる。（11）は気水分離器、（12）は冷却水を燃料電池
本体（10）に循環させるポンプである。空気ブロア（1
3）は、燃料電池本体（10）および改質器（８）に必要
な空気を供給する空気ブロアである。燃料電池出力端に
は並列に開閉器（14）および放電負荷（15）が接続され
ている。直交変換器（16）は、燃料電池本体（10）で発
生した直流出力を交流出力に変換する。（17）および
（18）は燃料電池の反応に必要な燃料ガスを製造するた
めの原燃料ガスおよび水蒸気、（19）は同じく反応に必
要な空気，（20），（21）は発電システムの停止時に流
す不活性パージガス、（22）は改質処理装置である。[Embodiment] An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. In FIG. 1, the reformer (8) is a reformer (8
a), reforming reactor (8b) and combustor (burner) (8c). The converter (9) converts the gas reformed by the reformer (8) into a hydrogen-rich conversion reaction.
The fuel cell body (10) consists of an air electrode (10a) and a fuel electrode (10a).
b), output terminal (10c), cooler (10d), etc. (11) is a steam separator, and (12) is a pump for circulating cooling water through the fuel cell body (10). Air blower (1
3) is an air blower for supplying air necessary for the fuel cell body (10) and the reformer (8). A switch (14) and a discharge load (15) are connected in parallel to the fuel cell output end. The orthogonal converter (16) converts a DC output generated in the fuel cell body (10) into an AC output. (17) and (18) are raw fuel gas and water vapor for producing the fuel gas necessary for the reaction of the fuel cell, (19) is air necessary for the reaction, and (20) and (21) are of the power generation system. An inert purge gas which is caused to flow when stopped, and (22) is a reforming treatment device.
なお、この図は概要を示すものでバルブ、その他の機
器について省略している。It should be noted that this figure shows an outline, and valves and other devices are omitted.
次に動作について説明する。この発電システムの運転
停止は、直交変換器（16）の交流出力を低下させると共
に出力に見合った反応ガス量にするよう原燃料（17）、
水蒸気（18）および反応用空気（19a）の流量を低下さ
せる。さらに、直交変換器（16）への直流入力を零とす
ると同時に電気系統では開閉器（14）を閉じ燃料電池本
体（10）の出力を放電負荷（15）に消費させる。このと
き、燃料電池本体（10）の電圧値より判定して開閉器
（14）を開放させる。一方、ガス系統では、空気系統の
反応用空気（19a）の流量を零とし、空気系不活性パー
ジガス（例N2など）（20）で空気極（10a）を直接に、
また燃料系統の原燃料（17）（例CH4など）の流量を零
とし、燃料系不活性パージガス（21）で燃料改質処理装
置の上流ラインより燃料極（10b）を経由しバーナ（8
c）に達し、改質炉（8a）内までパージされる。燃料系
統のパージにおいては、水蒸気（18）はそれより上流の
配管内の原燃料（17）が燃料系不活性パージガス（21）
でパージされるまで不活性パージガス流量（21）に見合
った量を供給し続け、同部分のパージがされた以降はそ
の供給を停止する。不活性パージガス（20）および（2
1）によるパージはそれぞれの系統が充分パージされる
まで供給し、その後供給を止める。Next, the operation will be described. Stopping the operation of this power generation system lowers the AC output of the orthogonal converter (16) and, at the same time, adjusts the raw fuel (17) so that the reaction gas amount matches the output.
The flow rates of steam (18) and reaction air (19a) are reduced. Further, the DC input to the orthogonal converter (16) is set to zero, and at the same time, the switch (14) is closed in the electric system so that the output of the fuel cell body (10) is consumed by the discharge load (15). At this time, the switch (14) is opened by judging from the voltage value of the fuel cell body (10). On the other hand, in the gas system, the flow rate of the reaction air (19a) in the air system is set to zero, and the air electrode (10a) is directly connected to the air system inert purge gas (eg N 2 etc.) (20).
The flow rate of the raw fuel (17) (eg CH 4 etc.) in the fuel system is set to zero, and the fuel system inert purge gas (21) is passed from the upstream line of the fuel reformer to the burner (8b) via the fuel electrode (10b).
c) is reached and the inside of the reforming furnace (8a) is purged. In purging the fuel system, the steam (18) is the raw fuel (17) in the upstream pipe, and the fuel system inert purge gas (21).
The amount of gas corresponding to the flow rate (21) of the inert purge gas is continuously supplied until it is purged by, and the supply is stopped after the same part is purged. Inert purge gas (20) and (2
Supply purging according to 1) until each system is sufficiently purged, then stop the supply.
第１図でも分かるように、空気系統は短かく容積が小
さいので短時間でパージされる。燃料系は、パージが始
まっても改質反応器（8b）の上流のパージが終わるまで
は改質反応が続けらることと、燃料改質処理装置（22）
の系の容積が大きく、空気系統のパージに要する時間に
比べ長くなる。この結果、放電負荷（15）で残留電圧を
連続的に放電させている間、燃料極側では燃料ガスの欠
乏を生じることなしに空気極側の空気（酸化剤）のパー
ジと消費が行われる。As can be seen from FIG. 1, the air system is short and has a small volume, so that the air system is purged in a short time. In the fuel system, even if purging starts, the reforming reaction continues until the purging upstream of the reforming reactor (8b) ends, and that the fuel reforming processing device (22)
The system has a large volume, which is longer than the time required for purging the air system. As a result, while the residual voltage is continuously discharged by the discharge load (15), the air (oxidant) on the air electrode side is purged and consumed without causing the lack of fuel gas on the fuel electrode side. .
負荷遮断後の出力電圧と空気極および燃料極入口での
酸素および燃料のガス濃度変化の特性を第２図に例示し
た。The characteristics of the output voltage after the load is cut off and the changes in the gas concentrations of oxygen and fuel at the air electrode and fuel electrode inlets are shown in FIG.
なお、上記実施例では放電負荷（15）は１つで示して
いるが、複数で構成したり、可変負荷にしてもよく、パ
ージ初期で大きな負荷に、パージ終期で小さな負荷に制
御し、残留電圧の解消を促進することができる。また、
放電負荷（15）は直交変換器（16）の部品の一部として
構成してもよい。It should be noted that although the discharge load (15) is shown as one in the above-mentioned embodiment, it may be composed of a plurality of loads or may be a variable load. The elimination of the voltage can be promoted. Also,
The discharge load (15) may be configured as a part of the components of the orthogonal transformer (16).
［発明の効果］ この発明によれば、燃料電池発電装置の運転停止時に
空気極は直接に、燃料系統は燃料電池発電装置の上流ラ
インより燃料極を経由し、燃料改質処理装置中の燃焼器
および改質炉内をシリーズに不活性ガスでパージするよ
うにし、かつ燃料電池本体の残留電圧を連続的に放電す
るようにしたので、空気極の空気が速くパージおよび消
費され、空気極の電位は速やかに下げられ、空気極に空
気が残留して空気極の電位が高い状態におかれ、空気極
が損傷するようなことはない。[Advantages of the Invention] According to the present invention, the air electrode is directly connected to the fuel system when the fuel cell power generator is stopped, and the fuel system passes through the fuel electrode from the upstream line of the fuel cell power generator and burns in the fuel reforming treatment apparatus. The inside of the reactor and the reforming furnace was purged with an inert gas, and the residual voltage of the fuel cell was continuously discharged, so that the air in the air electrode was quickly purged and consumed, The potential is quickly lowered, and air remains in the air electrode and the potential of the air electrode is kept high, so that the air electrode is not damaged.
また、燃料よりも空気が速くパージおよび消費される
ので、連続放電中、燃料極で燃料欠乏による燃料極の損
傷を与えるようなことはない。Further, since the air is purged and consumed faster than the fuel, the fuel electrode will not be damaged due to lack of fuel during continuous discharge.
さらに、発電システム系内に燃料ガスを残すことなく
安全に燃料電池発電装置を停止できる。Furthermore, the fuel cell power generator can be safely stopped without leaving fuel gas in the power generation system.
さらにまた、上流ラインから燃料極を経由して不活性
ガスをパージしているので、残留電圧の放電時に燃料ガ
ス欠乏するようなことはなく、従って断続的に残留電圧
を放電をする必要性はなく、連続的に放電を行うことが
でき、速やかに燃料電池発電装置の運転を停止すること
ができるとともに、不活性ガスのパージ使用量を減らす
効果もある。Furthermore, since the inert gas is purged from the upstream line via the fuel electrode, there is no possibility of fuel gas starvation during discharge of the residual voltage, and therefore it is not necessary to intermittently discharge the residual voltage. Without this, it is possible to discharge continuously, to promptly stop the operation of the fuel cell power generation device, and to reduce the amount of purging of the inert gas.
第１図はこの発明の一実施例の回路図、第２図は同じく
負荷遮断後の燃料電池の出力電圧と空気極および燃料極
の入口の酸素および燃料ガスの濃度変化の特性線図、第
３図は従来の燃料電池発電装置の回路図である。 （８）：改質器、（8a）：改質炉、（8b）：改質反応
器、（8c）：燃焼器、（10）：燃料電池本体、（10
a）：空気極、（10b）：燃料極、（14）：開閉器、（1
5）放電負荷、（19）：空気、（19a）：反応用空気、
（19b）：燃焼用空気、（20）：空気系不活性パージガ
ス、（21）：燃料系不活性パージガス、（22）：燃料改
質処理装置。FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram of the output voltage of the fuel cell after the load is cut off and the concentration changes of oxygen and fuel gas at the inlets of the air electrode and the fuel electrode. FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a conventional fuel cell power generator. (8): reformer, (8a): reforming furnace, (8b): reforming reactor, (8c): combustor, (10): fuel cell body, (10
a): Air electrode, (10b): Fuel electrode, (14): Switch, (1
5) Discharge load, (19): Air, (19a): Reaction air,
(19b): Combustion air, (20): Air-based inert purge gas, (21): Fuel-based inert purge gas, (22): Fuel reforming treatment device.
Claims (1)
料電池発電装置において、 運転停止時に空気系統は前記燃料電池本体の空気極ライ
ンを直接に、燃料系統は前記燃料改質処理装置の上流ラ
インより前記燃料電池本体の燃料極を経由し前記燃料改
質処理装置中の燃焼器および改質炉内をシリーズに、そ
れぞれ不活性ガスでパージする手段と、 前記運転停止時に前記燃料電池本体に残る電圧を連続的
に放電させる放電負荷およびその開閉器と、 を備えてなることを特徴とする燃料電池発電装置。1. A fuel cell power generator including a fuel cell body and a fuel reforming treatment apparatus, wherein an air system directly connects an air electrode line of the fuel cell body when the operation is stopped, and a fuel system is the fuel reforming treatment apparatus. Means for purging the inside of the combustor and the reforming furnace in the fuel reforming treatment apparatus from the upstream line through the fuel electrode of the fuel cell main body with an inert gas, respectively, and the fuel cell main body when the operation is stopped. A fuel cell power generator, comprising: a discharge load for continuously discharging the voltage remaining in and a switch thereof.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1297471A JPH088113B2 (en) | 1989-11-17 | 1989-11-17 | Fuel cell generator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1297471A JPH088113B2 (en) | 1989-11-17 | 1989-11-17 | Fuel cell generator |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH03159073A JPH03159073A (en) | 1991-07-09 |
| JPH088113B2 true JPH088113B2 (en) | 1996-01-29 |
Family
ID=17846927
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1297471A Expired - Lifetime JPH088113B2 (en) | 1989-11-17 | 1989-11-17 | Fuel cell generator |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH088113B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007149574A (en) * | 2005-11-30 | 2007-06-14 | Toyota Motor Corp | Fuel cell system |
| JP5698202B2 (en) * | 2012-10-16 | 2015-04-08 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60138854A (en) * | 1983-12-27 | 1985-07-23 | Toshiba Corp | Fuel cell protection device |
| JPS6132362A (en) * | 1984-07-23 | 1986-02-15 | Hitachi Ltd | Fuel cell power generation system and its operating method |
| JPH0622157B2 (en) * | 1985-03-06 | 1994-03-23 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Operating method of fuel cell power plant |
-
1989
- 1989-11-17 JP JP1297471A patent/JPH088113B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH03159073A (en) | 1991-07-09 |
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