JPH088909B2 - Incontinence prevention monitor electrode - Google Patents
Incontinence prevention monitor electrodeInfo
- Publication number
- JPH088909B2 JPH088909B2 JP3326639A JP32663991A JPH088909B2 JP H088909 B2 JPH088909 B2 JP H088909B2 JP 3326639 A JP3326639 A JP 3326639A JP 32663991 A JP32663991 A JP 32663991A JP H088909 B2 JPH088909 B2 JP H088909B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- silver
- electrode
- electrodes
- coated
- urinary incontinence
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
- Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、人間の尿失禁を予防す
るために用いられる尿失禁防止モニタ用電極に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a urinary incontinence preventive monitor electrode used for preventing human urinary incontinence.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】寝たきり老人や脳循環系に異常を持った
人は、しばしば尿失禁を起こすことがある。この尿失禁
を予防するためには膀胱に貯留してくる尿の量を無侵襲
で測定できればよい。このため、従来は心電図測定用の
円板状の金属電極や心拍出量測定のアルミ箔で帯状に形
成されたテープ電極などを用いて、膀胱のインピーダン
スを測定していた。2. Description of the Related Art Bedridden elderly people and people with abnormal cerebral circulatory system often have urinary incontinence. In order to prevent this urinary incontinence, it is sufficient that the amount of urine accumulated in the bladder can be measured non-invasively. Therefore, conventionally, the impedance of the bladder has been measured using a disk-shaped metal electrode for measuring an electrocardiogram, a tape electrode formed in a strip shape of an aluminum foil for measuring cardiac output, and the like.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら上記の従
来の方法によると、金属電極やテープ電極の装着が面倒
で、しかも再現性のよい安定した測定ができないという
問題があった。特にテープ電極を構成するアルミ箔は、
伸縮性がないため装着皮膚面に良好な接触が得られず、
安定した測定ができない欠点もあった。更に、アルミ箔
は分極電圧も高く、安定な測定状態となるまでに余計な
時間を必要とした。However, according to the above-mentioned conventional method, there is a problem that mounting of the metal electrode or the tape electrode is troublesome and stable measurement with good reproducibility cannot be performed. In particular, the aluminum foil that makes up the tape electrode is
Since there is no elasticity, good contact with the worn skin surface cannot be obtained,
There is also a drawback that stable measurement cannot be performed. Furthermore, the aluminum foil has a high polarization voltage, and it took an extra time to reach a stable measurement state.
【０００４】本発明は、上記の点に鑑みてなされたもの
であり、装着が容易で、安定した信頼性の高いインピー
ダンス測定を行うことのできる尿失禁予防モニタ用電極
を提供することを目的とする。The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object thereof is to provide a urinary incontinence preventive monitor electrode which is easy to mount and is capable of stable and highly reliable impedance measurement. To do.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】即ち、本発明によれば、
人体の脚部上端に巻回され、銀被覆有機繊維あるいは銀
被覆有機繊維を含有する複数種の繊維によって形成され
た電流電極と、人体の腹部表面に装着される検出電極
と、前記電流電極と検出電極との間のインピーダンスを
計測する計測手段とを具備したことを特徴とする尿失禁
予防モニタ用電極が与えられる。また、電流電極と検出
電極と、これらの電極と計測手段とを接続するコネクタ
とをパンツに一体化して設けたことを特徴とする尿失禁
予防モニタ用電極が与えられる。That is, according to the present invention,
Wrapped around the upper end of the human body's legs, and coated with silver-coated organic fibers or silver.
It was provided with a current electrode formed by a plurality of types of fibers containing a coated organic fiber, a detection electrode mounted on the abdominal surface of the human body, and a measuring means for measuring the impedance between the current electrode and the detection electrode. An electrode for monitoring urinary incontinence prevention is provided. Further, there is provided a urinary incontinence prevention monitor electrode, characterized in that current electrodes, detection electrodes, and connectors for connecting these electrodes and the measuring means are integrally provided in pants.
【０００６】ここに、銀被覆有機繊維とは、天然及び合
成の有機繊維、即ち、綿、麻、再生セルロース、ポリア
ミド、アクリル、ポリオレフィン、ポリエステル等の繊
維で、太さが0.1 〜15ｄ（ｄ＝デニール）のものに、銀
を被覆したものである。有機繊維の太さが、0.1 ｄより
細いと所定の膜厚を得るための銀の被覆量を多く必要と
し比重も大きくなり、また、15ｄより太いと所定の膜厚
を得るための銀の被覆量は減らせるが、繊維が硬くなり
可撓性が失われる。The term "silver-coated organic fiber" as used herein means a natural or synthetic organic fiber, that is, a fiber such as cotton, hemp, regenerated cellulose, polyamide, acrylic, polyolefin or polyester, and has a thickness of 0.1 to 15 d (d = Denier) coated with silver. If the thickness of the organic fiber is smaller than 0.1 d, a large amount of silver coating is required to obtain a predetermined film thickness and the specific gravity becomes large. If the thickness is larger than 15 d, a silver coating is obtained to obtain a predetermined film thickness. The amount can be reduced, but the fibers become stiff and lose flexibility.
【０００７】本発明において、有機繊維を銀で被覆する
方法は、無電解めっき法で、そのほかの方法として真空
蒸着法等があるが、無電解めっき法が量産性に優れてい
る。銀の被覆量は、５〜50重量％（銀重量／銀被覆有機
繊維重量）で、銀の被覆量が５重量％より少ないと分極
電圧が高くなり、また、50重量％より多いと比重が大き
くなり分極電圧もそれ以上の低下が望めなくなる。In the present invention, the method of coating the organic fibers with silver is an electroless plating method, and other methods include a vacuum vapor deposition method. The electroless plating method is excellent in mass productivity. The silver coating amount is 5 to 50% by weight (silver weight / silver coated organic fiber weight), and if the silver coating amount is less than 5% by weight, the polarization voltage becomes high, and if it is more than 50% by weight, the specific gravity becomes high. It becomes so large that the polarization voltage cannot be expected to drop further.
【０００８】銀被覆有機繊維あるいは銀被覆有機繊維を
含有する複数種の繊維からなる電極の形態としては、銀
被覆有機繊維のみからなる不織布、銀被覆有機繊維を含
んだ不織布、銀被覆有機繊維のみからなる糸を織り布、
編み布としたもの、銀被覆有機繊維を含んだ糸を織り
布、編み布としたもの等である。 Silver-coated organic fiber or silver-coated organic fiber
As the form of the electrode composed of a plurality of types of fibers contained, a non-woven fabric composed only of silver-coated organic fibers, a non-woven fabric containing silver-coated organic fibers, a woven fabric composed of only silver-coated organic fibers,
A knitted fabric, a woven fabric or a knitted fabric made of a thread containing a silver-coated organic fiber is used.
【０００９】電流電極と検出電極と、これらの電極と計
測手段とを接続するコネクタとは、別々にパンツに取り
付けてもよいし、パンツに一体化して設けてもよい。そ
の例を図１及び図２に示した。The current electrode, the detection electrode, and the connector for connecting these electrodes and the measuring means may be attached to the pants separately or may be provided integrally with the pants. Examples thereof are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
【００１０】図において、脚部上端の太ももには電流電
極１，２が巻回されており、下腹部表面には１対の検出
電極３，４がペーストなどを介して装着されている。ま
た、検出電極３，４の上部の腹部にはベルト５が巻回さ
れており、ベルト５にはコネクタ６が取り付けられてい
る。In the figure, current electrodes 1 and 2 are wound around the thighs at the upper ends of the legs, and a pair of detection electrodes 3 and 4 are attached to the surface of the lower abdomen through a paste or the like. A belt 5 is wound around the abdomen above the detection electrodes 3 and 4, and a connector 6 is attached to the belt 5.
【００１１】電流電極１，２は銀被覆有機繊維あるいは
銀被覆有機繊維を含有する複数種の繊維で構成されてお
り、検出電極３，４はペーストなどを介した電極等で形
成されている。また、電流電極１，２の銀被覆有機繊維
あるいは銀被覆有機繊維を含有する複数種の繊維からな
る繊維体は、それぞれリード線７，８を介してコネクタ
６に接続されており、検出電極３，４は、それぞれリー
ド線７，８を介してコネクタ６に接続されている。The current electrodes 1 and 2 are silver-coated organic fibers or
The detection electrodes 3 and 4 are composed of a plurality of types of fibers containing silver-coated organic fibers, and the detection electrodes 3 and 4 are formed of electrodes or the like via a paste or the like. Also, silver-coated organic fibers for the current electrodes 1 and 2
Alternatively, it may consist of multiple types of fibers containing silver-coated organic fibers.
The fibrous body is connected to the connector 6 via the lead wires 7 and 8, respectively, and the detection electrodes 3 and 4 are connected to the connector 6 via the lead wires 7 and 8, respectively.
【００１２】更に、リード線７，８，９，10はコネクタ
６を介して図示しない計測手段に接続されていて、計測
手段により電流電極１，２と検出電極３，４との間のイ
ンピーダンスを計測し、図示しない膀胱に貯留してくる
尿の量を検出するようになっている。Further, the lead wires 7, 8, 9, 10 are connected to a measuring means (not shown) via a connector 6, and the measuring means measures the impedance between the current electrodes 1, 2 and the detecting electrodes 3, 4. The amount of urine stored in the bladder (not shown) is measured and detected.
【００１３】なお、図２に示したように、電流電極１，
２の内面の内股に当たる部位に、絶縁材として布地11，
12を接着することにより、左右１対の電流電極１，２が
短絡することを防ぐことができる。As shown in FIG. 2, the current electrodes 1,
On the inner side of the inner surface of 2, the cloth 11,
By bonding 12 together, it is possible to prevent the pair of left and right current electrodes 1 and 2 from being short-circuited.
【００１４】また、電流電極と検出電極と、これらの電
極と計測手段とを接続するコネクタとを、別々にパンツ
に取り付ける場合は、電流電極１，２をパンツの両すそ
に取り付け、検出電極３，４をパンツの前面内側に装着
し、コネクタ６をパンツのベルトに取り付ければよい。
このとき、パンツを紙オムツと同じ材料で構成して、使
い捨てとしてもよい。When the current electrode and the detection electrode and the connector for connecting the electrode and the measuring means are separately attached to the pants, the current electrodes 1 and 2 are attached to both skirts of the pants and the detection electrode 3 is attached. , 4 on the inside of the front of the pants and the connector 6 on the belt of the pants.
At this time, the pants may be made of the same material as the disposable diaper to be disposable.
【００１５】[0015]
【作用】上記の構成によると、電流電極１，２は伸縮性
を有するので装着が容易で、装着皮膚面に対して良好な
接触を保つことができ、安定したインピーダンス計測を
行うことができる。また、電流電極１，２は、銀被覆有
機繊維あるいは銀被覆有機繊維を含有する複数種の繊維
からなる繊維体で構成されており、銀の分極電圧が低く
発錆しにくいので、測定の信頼性が向上する。この結
果、膀胱に貯留してくる尿の量を確実に検知することが
でき、尿失禁を予防することができる。According to the above construction, since the current electrodes 1 and 2 have elasticity, they can be easily worn, can maintain good contact with the worn skin surface, and can perform stable impedance measurement. The current electrodes 1 and 2 have a silver coating.
Fibers containing organic fibers or organic fibers coated with silver
Since it is composed of a fibrous material, the polarization voltage of silver is low and it does not easily rust, thus improving the measurement reliability. As a result, the amount of urine accumulated in the bladder can be reliably detected and urinary incontinence can be prevented.
【００１６】以下、本発明の実施例を図面を参照して説
明する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
【００１７】[0017]
【実施例１】アクリル繊維（1.5 ｄ×38mm）に、無電解
めっき法を用いて銀を30重量％被覆した。得られた銀30
重量％被覆アクリル繊維（1.5 ｄ×38mm）を50ｇ／ｍ2
の不織布に加工し20mm幅でスリットしたものを図１及び
図２に示したように電流電極１，２としてパンツの両す
そに設けた。また、検出電極３，４としてペーストなど
を介した電極等をパンツの前面内側に設けた。電流電極
１，２、検出電極３，４は、それぞれリード線７，８，
９，10を介してコネクタ６に接続し、インピーダンスを
計測した結果、安定した測定結果が得られ膀胱に貯留し
てくる尿の量を検知することができた。Example 1 An acrylic fiber (1.5 d × 38 mm) was coated with 30% by weight of silver by using an electroless plating method. Obtained silver 30
Wt% coated acrylic fiber (1.5 d × 38mm) with 50 g / m 2
The non-woven fabric was processed and slit into a width of 20 mm, and the current electrodes 1 and 2 were provided on both bottoms of the pants as shown in FIGS. Further, as the detection electrodes 3 and 4, electrodes or the like via a paste or the like were provided inside the front surface of the pants. The current electrodes 1 and 2 and the detection electrodes 3 and 4 are connected to lead wires 7 and 8, respectively.
As a result of connecting to the connector 6 via 9 and 10 and measuring the impedance, a stable measurement result was obtained and the amount of urine accumulated in the bladder could be detected.
【００１８】[0018]
【実施例２】実施例１で得られた銀30重量％被覆アクリ
ル繊維（1.5ｄ×38mm）を銀を被覆していないアクリル
繊維（1.5 ｄ×38mm）に50重量％混合し、80ｇ／ｍ2 の
不織布に加工し20mm幅でスリットしたものを実施例１と
同様に電流電極１，２として用いた結果、安定した測定
結果が得られ膀胱に貯留してくる尿の量を検知すること
ができた。Example 2 30% by weight of the silver-covered acrylic fiber (1.5 d × 38 mm) obtained in Example 1 was mixed with 50% by weight of an acrylic fiber (1.5 d × 38 mm) not coated with silver at 80 g / m 2. results with those slits in processed 20mm width 2 of the nonwoven fabric as well as current electrodes 1 as in example 1, is possible to detect the amount of urine stable measurement results come accumulated in the bladder is obtained did it.
【００１９】[0019]
【実施例３】ポリエステル繊維（２ｄ×51mm）に、無電
解めっき法を用いて銀を20重量％被覆した。得られた銀
20重量％被覆ポリエステル繊維（２ｄ×51mm）を20番手
の糸とした後に、20mm幅で60ｇ／ｍ2 の編み布に加工し
たものを実施例１と同様に電流電極１，２として用いた
結果、安定した測定結果が得られ膀胱に貯留してくる尿
の量を検知することができた。Example 3 Polyester fiber (2d × 51 mm) was coated with 20% by weight of silver by using an electroless plating method. Obtained silver
The result of using 20 wt% coated polyester fiber (2d × 51 mm) as a yarn of 20 count and processing it into a knitted fabric of 60 mm / m 2 with a width of 20 mm as the current electrodes 1 and 2 in the same manner as in Example 1 The stable measurement result was obtained and the amount of urine accumulated in the bladder could be detected.
【００２０】[0020]
【実施例４】実施例３で得られた銀20重量％被覆ポリエ
ステル繊維（２ｄ×51mm）を銀を被覆していないポリエ
ステル繊維（２ｄ×51mm）に70重量％混合し、20番手の
糸とした後に、60ｇ／ｍ2 の織り布に加工したものを20
mm幅でバイアスカットし、電流電極１，２として太もも
に巻回し、検出電極３，４としてペーストなどを介した
電極等を下腹部表面に装着した。それぞれリード線７，
８，９，10を介してパンツのベルト部に取り付けたコネ
クタ６に接続し、インピーダンスを計測した結果、安定
した測定結果が得られ膀胱に貯留してくる尿の量を検知
することができた。Example 4 20% by weight of silver-coated polyester fiber (2d × 51 mm) obtained in Example 3 was mixed with 70% by weight of polyester fiber (2d × 51 mm) not coated with silver to obtain a yarn of 20 count. And then processed into 60g / m 2 woven cloth for 20
Bias cut was performed with a width of mm, the current electrodes 1 and 2 were wound around the thighs, and electrodes and the like via paste or the like were attached to the lower abdominal surface as the detection electrodes 3 and 4. Lead wire 7,
As a result of measuring impedance by connecting to the connector 6 attached to the belt part of the pants through 8, 9, and 10, it was possible to detect the amount of urine accumulated in the bladder. .
【００２１】[0021]
【比較例１】ＥＣＧ電極等を電圧電極として下腹部表面
に装着し、アルミ箔をテープに固定したテープ電極を電
流電極として太ももに巻回し、インピーダンスを測定す
ると、アルミ箔のテープ電極は伸縮性がないために装着
皮膚面に良好な接触が得られず、しかも、アルミ箔の分
極電圧も高く、安定した測定結果を得ることができなか
った。[Comparative Example 1] An ECG electrode or the like was attached to the surface of the lower abdomen as a voltage electrode, and a tape electrode in which aluminum foil was fixed to a tape was wound as a current electrode on the thigh, and the impedance was measured. As a result, there was no good contact with the worn skin surface, and the polarization voltage of the aluminum foil was high, and stable measurement results could not be obtained.
【００２２】[0022]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明によれば、
銀被覆有機繊維あるいは銀被覆有機繊維を含有する複数
種の繊維からなる電流電極を構成して人体の脚部上端に
巻回し、腹部表面に装着された検出電極とにより、その
間のインピーダンスを計測するようにしたので、電流電
極を装着皮膚面に対して良好に接触させることができ、
安定したインピーダンス測定を高い信頼性をもって行う
ことができる。従って、簡単な取扱いにより尿失禁を確
実に予防することができる。As described above, according to the present invention,
Silver-coated organic fibers or a plurality containing silver-coated organic fibers
A current electrode composed of seed fibers is wound around the upper end of the leg of the human body, and the impedance between the electrodes is measured by the detection electrode attached to the abdominal surface, so the current electrode is attached to the skin surface. And good contact,
Stable impedance measurement can be performed with high reliability. Therefore, urinary incontinence can be reliably prevented by simple handling.
【図１】本発明の一実施例の構成を示す正面図。FIG. 1 is a front view showing the configuration of an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の他の実施例の構成を示す正面図。FIG. 2 is a front view showing the configuration of another embodiment of the present invention.
１，２…電流電極 ３，４…検出電極 ６…コネクタ 1, 2 ... Current electrode 3, 4 ... Detection electrode 6 ... Connector
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.6 識別記号 庁内整理番号 ＦＩ 技術表示箇所 Ａ６１Ｆ 5/37 Ａ 7108−4Ｃ (72)発明者 中林 明 埼玉県大宮市北袋町１丁目297番地 三菱 マテリアル株式会社 中央研究所内 (72)発明者 今井 浩之 埼玉県大宮市北袋町１丁目297番地 三菱 マテリアル株式会社 新素材開発センター 内 (72)発明者 山田 明夫 東京都東久留米市滝山４−９−７ (56)参考文献 特開 昭61−8027（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭63−252138（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭55−96142（ＪＰ，Ａ) 実開 昭52−94087（ＪＰ，Ｕ)─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. 6 Identification number Internal reference number FI Technical indication location A61F 5/37 A 7108-4C (72) Inventor Akira Nakabayashi 1-297 Kitabukuro-cho, Omiya-shi, Saitama Address Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Central Research Laboratory (72) Inventor Hiroyuki Imai 1-297 Kitabukuro-cho, Omiya City, Saitama Prefecture Mitsubishi Materials Corporation New Material Development Center (72) Inventor Akio Yamada 4-9 Takiyama, Higashi-Kurume City, Tokyo -7 (56) Reference JP 61-8027 (JP, A) JP 63-252138 (JP, A) JP 55-96142 (JP, A) Actual development 52-94087 (JP, U) )
Claims (4)
維あるいは銀被覆有機繊維を含有する複数種の繊維によ
って形成された電流電極と、人体の腹部表面に装着され
る検出電極と、前記電流電極と検出電極との間のインピ
ーダンスを計測する計測手段とを具備したことを特徴と
する尿失禁予防モニタ用電極。1. A silver-coated organic fiber wound around the upper end of a leg of a human body.
Fibers or silver-coated organic fibers
A current electrode formed me, and the detection electrodes to be attached to the body of the abdominal surface, urinary incontinence prevention monitor, characterized in that the impedance was and a measurement means for measuring between the current electrode and the detection electrode Electrodes.
ール) であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の尿失禁
予防モニタ用電極。2. The electrode for urinary incontinence prevention monitor according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the silver-coated organic fiber is 0.1 to 15 d (d = denier).
であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の尿失禁予防モ
ニタ用電極。3. The silver coated amount of the silver coated organic fiber is 5 to 50% by weight.
The electrode for urinary incontinence prevention monitor according to claim 1, wherein
測手段とを接続するコネクタとをパンツに一体に設けた
ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の尿失禁予防モニタ用
電極。4. The electrode for urinary incontinence prevention monitor according to claim 1, wherein the pants are integrally provided with a current electrode, a detection electrode, and a connector for connecting these electrodes and the measuring means.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3326639A JPH088909B2 (en) | 1991-11-15 | 1991-11-15 | Incontinence prevention monitor electrode |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3326639A JPH088909B2 (en) | 1991-11-15 | 1991-11-15 | Incontinence prevention monitor electrode |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05137704A JPH05137704A (en) | 1993-06-01 |
| JPH088909B2 true JPH088909B2 (en) | 1996-01-31 |
Family
ID=18190035
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3326639A Expired - Fee Related JPH088909B2 (en) | 1991-11-15 | 1991-11-15 | Incontinence prevention monitor electrode |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH088909B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6381482B1 (en) * | 1998-05-13 | 2002-04-30 | Georgia Tech Research Corp. | Fabric or garment with integrated flexible information infrastructure |
| US7250547B1 (en) | 2000-11-07 | 2007-07-31 | Rf Technologies, Inc. | Wetness monitoring system |
| JP2016093209A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2016-05-26 | スティヒティング アイメック ネダーランドＳｔｉｃｈｔｉｎｇ ＩＭＥＣ Ｎｅｄｅｒｌａｎｄ | System for monitoring incontinence |
| US20160120455A1 (en) | 2014-11-04 | 2016-05-05 | Stichting Imec Nederland | Method for monitoring incontinence |
| US20160120454A1 (en) | 2014-11-04 | 2016-05-05 | Stichting Imec Nederland | System for monitoring incontinence |
| JP2019072499A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-05-16 | スティヒティング アイメック ネダーランドＳｔｉｃｈｔｉｎｇ ＩＭＥＣ Ｎｅｄｅｒｌａｎｄ | System for monitoring incontinence |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5294087U (en) * | 1976-01-12 | 1977-07-14 | ||
| JPS5596142A (en) * | 1979-01-18 | 1980-07-22 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | Electrode material for measuring electricity from living body |
| JPS618027A (en) * | 1984-06-22 | 1986-01-14 | 株式会社 八木商店 | Electrode for being mounted to human body |
| JPS63252138A (en) * | 1987-04-07 | 1988-10-19 | 工業技術院長 | Urination execution apparatus |
-
1991
- 1991-11-15 JP JP3326639A patent/JPH088909B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH05137704A (en) | 1993-06-01 |
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