KR20200059706A - System of monitoring photovoltaic power generation using weather data - Google Patents

Abstract

A photovoltaic power management system for diagnosing the state of a photovoltaic power generation system including a solar cell array and a photovoltaic inverter measures weather information to generate first weather data by measuring at least one of solar radiation, temperature, humidity, wind direction, and wind speed. Collection unit; A power generation predictor for predicting a power generation amount of the photovoltaic system based on the first weather data and calculating a first power generation amount; A power generation amount measuring unit disposed between the solar cell array and the solar inverter or at an output terminal of the solar inverter to measure a power generation amount of the solar power system to calculate a second power generation amount; And calculating the efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system by comparing the first power generation amount and the second power generation amount, and when the efficiency is out of a standard efficiency range, at least one of a place of occurrence of a failure and a cause of the failure based on the second power generation amount. It includes a control unit for determining.

Description

Solar power generation management system using weather information {SYSTEM OF MONITORING PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION USING WEATHER DATA}

The present invention relates to a photovoltaic power generation management system, and more particularly, to a photovoltaic power generation management system for predicting and determining whether or not a failure occurs in the photovoltaic power generation system.

The photovoltaic device is a device that generates electricity using sunlight, and is composed of a photovoltaic module and a solar cell module. In the photovoltaic module, electricity is produced by direct current and converted to alternating current using an inverter.

The photovoltaic device is composed of several components, and if a failure or operation error occurs in each component, it should be immediately detected and taken action.

However, it is difficult to easily detect whether there is an abnormality in the solar power module, an abnormality in the solar cell module, or an abnormality in the inverter. In addition, it is very difficult to set a standard value for normal solar power generation because the amount of irradiation varies depending on the weather and also depending on the altitude or direction of the sun changing according to the season.

Korean Registered Patent No. 1,728,692 (Announcement of April 20, 2017) relates to a system and method for predicting failure of a solar module, a database in which real-time change trends for solar power generation by date and time, and a solar radiation, module Disclosed is a configuration for determining whether a photovoltaic power generation module has failed by calculating an estimated amount of photovoltaic generation in consideration of temperature.

Korean Registered Patent No. 1,728,692 (Apr. 20, 2017) Korean Registered Patent No. 1,593,962 (Public on Feb. 15, 2016)

The present invention is to provide a photovoltaic power generation management system capable of determining whether a photovoltaic power generation system has a failure, a point of failure, and a cause of the failure.

The present invention is to provide a solar power management system that can predict and determine the age of the solar power system.

The photovoltaic power generation management system according to embodiments of the present invention for achieving the above object can diagnose the state of the photovoltaic power generation system including a solar cell array and a photovoltaic inverter. The photovoltaic power generation management system includes: a meteorological information collection unit that generates first weather data by measuring at least one of solar radiation, temperature, humidity, wind direction, and wind speed; A power generation predictor for predicting a power generation amount of the photovoltaic system based on the first weather data and calculating a first power generation amount; A power generation amount measuring unit disposed between the solar cell array and the solar inverter or at an output terminal of the solar inverter to measure a power generation amount of the solar power system to calculate a second power generation amount; And calculating the efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system by comparing the first power generation amount and the second power generation amount, and when the efficiency is out of a standard efficiency range, at least one of a place of occurrence of a failure and a cause of the failure based on the second power generation amount. It may include a control unit for determining.

According to one embodiment, the weather information collecting unit, the housing having one or more solar panels on the top, the power module for managing and storing the power produced by the solar panel; An insolation measurement unit provided on a side of the housing and having an insolation measurement sensor for measuring insolation; A temperature measurement unit provided in at least one of the housing or the solar radiation measurement unit and having a temperature measurement sensor for measuring the air temperature, at least one of the housing or the solar radiation measurement unit; And a control module provided inside the housing to receive and manage information generated by the power module, solar radiation measurement sensor, and temperature measurement sensor, and a wireless module connected to the control module to wirelessly communicate the generated information with an administrator terminal. It may include a management unit configured to include a communication module.

According to one embodiment, the control unit receives the second weather data for the weather station from the weather station, and based on the first location information of the solar power system and the second location information of the weather station. 2 Interpolates weather data to generate third weather data, calculates the reliability of the first weather data based on the third weather data, determines whether the weather information collection unit is operating normally, and the reliability is relatively The higher the reference efficiency range can be set relatively narrow.

According to one embodiment, the photovoltaic power generation management system measures the at least one of the temperature and vibration of the solar cell array to generate first monitoring data, and generates at least one of the temperature, vibration, and solar radiation of the solar inverter. A sensing unit that measures and generates second monitoring data; And managing a first driving time and a first driving cycle of the solar cell array, and calculating a first life expectancy of the solar cell array based on the first driving time, the first driving cycle, and the first monitoring data. And manages a second driving time and a second driving cycle of the solar inverter, and based on the second driving time, the second driving cycle, and the second monitoring data, obtains a second life expectancy of the solar inverter. Further comprising a life calculation unit for calculating, the first life expectancy represents a change in efficiency over time of the solar cell array, the second life expectancy can represent a change in efficiency over time of the solar inverter. have. Here, the power generation amount predicting unit calculates the first power generation amount based on the first weather data, the first life expectancy, and the second life expectancy, and the controller controls the first and the first power generation when the efficiency is outside a reference efficiency range. 2 Based on the monitoring results, the solar power system determines whether at least one of the occurrence of the failure, the location of the occurrence of the failure, and the cause of the failure, and the control unit performs a first inspection of the solar cell array based on the first expected life A timing and a first replacement timing may be determined, and a second inspection timing and a second replacement timing of the solar inverter may be determined based on the second life expectancy.

According to an embodiment, the sensing unit may be disposed on one side of the solar inverter to measure the amount of light incident to the solar inverter. And a temperature sensor provided inside the photovoltaic inverter to measure the internal temperature of the photovoltaic inverter, and the life calculator increases the reduction in the second life expectancy as the internal temperature and the amount of light increase. 2 You can calculate the life expectancy.

According to one embodiment, the sensing unit is disposed adjacent to the solar cell array, a first vibration sensor group including first vibration sensors for detecting vibration of the solar cell array generated by wind; And a second vibration sensor group that is disposed adjacent to the solar inverter and includes second vibration sensors that sense vibration of the solar inverter generated by wind, and the life calculator calculates the life of the solar cell array. The first life expectancy is calculated based on the magnitude of the vibration and the cumulative vibration amount, and when the vibration of the solar cell array exceeds a reference value, the controller may determine that the solar cell array has a failure.

According to one embodiment, the solar cell array, a plurality of solar cell modules connected in series with each other; And a connection panel for transmitting the power generated by the photovoltaic cell modules to the photovoltaic inverter, the sensing unit comprising: a first measurement line connected to one of the photovoltaic cell modules; And a second measurement line connected to the connection panel, wherein the power generation amount measuring unit calculates a partial voltage through the first and second measurement lines, and the control unit is based on the second power generation amount and the partial voltage. It may be determined whether a failure occurs in at least one of the solar cell modules.

According to an embodiment, the solar cell array includes solar cell modules of M rows * N columns (where M and N are positive integers), and the sensing unit receives the output voltage of each of the solar cell modules. When the total output of the photovoltaic power generation system exceeds a reference output, the control unit measures the target output voltage of the target battery module among the photovoltaic cell modules from 1 to 4 of the first to fourth comparison battery modules. The output cells are sequentially compared with the fourth output voltages to determine whether the target battery module is operating normally, but the first and second comparison battery modules are disposed in the same row as the target battery module and disposed closest to each other. The third and fourth comparative battery modules are disposed adjacent to each other in the same column as the target battery module, and when the total output of the solar power system is smaller than the reference output, the target output voltage of the target battery module and K (however, K is an integer greater than or equal to 8) is compared with the output voltages of the battery modules in order to determine whether the target battery module is operating normally, but the K comparison battery modules are based on the target battery module. It can be arranged sequentially in a spiral direction.

The photovoltaic power generation management system according to embodiments of the present invention obtains second weather data from an external weather station to predict weather in a power generation area, and first weather data generated by the weather information collection unit based on the predicted weather. The error of the solar power generation management system due to the error of weather information is determined by variably setting the error range (i.e., the reference range for determining whether an abnormality / failure of the solar power system) is determined based on the reliability of the Alternatively, it is possible to reduce the false positives) and accurately diagnose whether a failure has occurred.

In addition, the photovoltaic power generation management system measures individual voltages of the photovoltaic cell modules through the first and second measurement lines included in the power generation amount measurement unit, thereby enabling individual failure diagnosis of the photovoltaic cell modules. , It is possible to easily identify the fault location (or fault module).

Furthermore, the photovoltaic power generation management system improves reliability of failure detection by determining whether normal operation of the solar cell modules is performed using different first and second failure detection methods according to the amount of power generation (or solar radiation), and the system Can reduce the load.

1 is a view showing a solar power management system according to embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a weather information collection unit included in the photovoltaic power generation management system of FIG. 1.
3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration for obtaining weather data in the solar power management system of FIG. 1.
4 is a view showing an example of a sensing unit included in the solar power management system of FIG. 1.
5A is a view showing a change in output of a solar cell array according to a change in internal temperature.
5B is a view showing a change in output of the solar cell array according to shading.
6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a power generation predictor included in the solar power management system of FIG. 1.
7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a power generation amount measurement unit included in the solar power management system of FIG. 1.
8A and 8B are diagrams illustrating a process of detecting a faulty solar cell module in a control unit included in the solar power management system of FIG. 1.
9 is a view showing an example of the life expectancy calculated by the life calculation unit included in the solar power management system of FIG. 1.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals are used for the same components in the drawings, and duplicate descriptions for the same components are omitted.

1 is a view showing a solar power management system according to embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, the solar power system 10 may include a solar cell array 11 and a solar inverter 12.

The solar cell array 11 is composed of solar cell modules (or solar cell panels) and can convert sunlight incident on the surface into electricity.

For reference, a plurality of solar cells constitute one solar cell module, a plurality of solar cell modules constitute one solar cell string (PV string), and a plurality of solar cell strings one solar cell array 11 Can be configured. Here, the solar cell string corresponds to a circuit in which the solar cell modules are connected in series in order to generate the required output voltage of the solar cell array 11, and the strings can be connected in parallel to each other through a backflow prevention element.

The solar inverter 12 may be a device that converts the power produced by the solar cell array 11 to suit the purpose. For example, the solar inverter 12 may convert solar energy in the form of direct current into electric power in the form of alternating current.

The photovoltaic power generation system 10 includes a configuration of a connection panel, a transformer / switchboard, and a distribution line, in addition to the solar cell array 11 and the photovoltaic inverter 12. It will be omitted.

Meanwhile, the photovoltaic power generation system 10 (or the photovoltaic power generation management system 100) may further include a photovoltaic tracking unit 13.

The solar tracking unit 13 may be installed outdoors or in a suitable place to secure the amount of incidence, so that the solar cell array 10 can be moved in real time to a position where the incident angle of sunlight is optimized. The solar tracking unit 13 may be installed one by one for each solar cell array 11.

The solar tracking unit 13 includes a separate power supply unit (not shown), and the power supply unit supplies a part of the electric power secured by the solar cell array 11 to power required to drive the solar tracking unit 13. can do. In addition, the solar tracking unit 13 includes an inclination angle sensor unit for adjusting the inclination angle of the solar cell array 11 and an azimuth sensor unit for adjusting the azimuth angle of the solar cell in order to increase the efficiency of the solar cell array 11 and increase power generation efficiency. Can be configured.

Meanwhile, the photovoltaic power generation management system 100 may include a weather information collection unit 110, a power generation prediction unit 120, a power generation measurement unit 130, and a control unit 140.

Weather information collection unit 110 is First weather data may be generated by measuring at least one of solar radiation, temperature, humidity, wind direction, and wind speed. For example, the weather information collection unit 110 uses the solar radiation sensor, the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor, the wind direction / wind speed sensor, and the like to measure the solar radiation, temperature, humidity, wind direction and wind speed in the area where the solar tube power generation system 10 is located. Can be measured. The configuration of the weather information collection unit 110 will be described later with reference to FIG. 2.

The power generation amount predicting unit 120 may calculate the first power generation amount (or the predicted power generation amount, the first power generation amount data) by predicting the power generation amount of the photovoltaic system 10 based on the first weather data.

For example, the power generation amount predicting unit 120 may previously build a database for the change trend of the solar power generation amount and determine the solar power generation amount matching the first weather data as the first power generation amount. Here, the database may be configured to store in advance the real-time change trend by date and time for the amount of photovoltaic power generation at the location where the photovoltaic power generation system 10 is installed. The direction, position, and altitude of the sun vary from time to time depending on the latitude and longitude where the photovoltaic power generation system 10 is installed, and the power generation prediction unit 120 may calculate it in advance and store it in a database.

The generation amount measurement unit 130 is disposed between the solar cell array 11 and the photovoltaic inverter 12 or at the output terminal of the photovoltaic inverter 12 to measure the amount of electricity generated by the photovoltaic system 10 to generate a second amount of electricity generation ( Alternatively, actual power generation amount and second power generation amount data) may be calculated.

The generation amount measuring unit 130 may measure the amount of power generated by the solar cell array 110. The generation amount measurement unit 130 may include at least one of an ammeter 111, a voltmeter 112, a power meter 113, and a power meter 114 for measuring the generation amount of the solar cell array 110. For example, the generation amount measurement unit 130 may be an ammeter for measuring the photocurrent value generated by the solar cell array 110. For example, the generation amount measuring unit 130 may be composed of a current sensor, a voltage sensor, and a multiplier, and may measure power by multiplying the current and voltage measured by the current sensor and the voltage sensor by a multiplier.

The control unit 140 (or the diagnostic unit) compares the first power generation amount (or the predicted power generation amount and the predicted power amount) and the second power generation amount (or actual power generation amount, actual power amount) to compare the efficiency of the solar power system 10 (or , Generation efficiency), and if the efficiency is outside the standard efficiency range (e.g., if the actual power generation is outside the +-10% range of the predicted generation) At least one can be judged.

That is, the control unit 140 may determine whether the solar power generation system 10 has failed or malfunctions in comparison with the measured power generation amount and the predicted power generation amount. For example, when there is a difference between a specific predicted generation amount having a specific upper and lower threshold value and a measured actual generation amount over a specific value for a specific time or more, the control unit 140 is connected to the solar power system 10. It can be judged that a failure or abnormality has occurred. The configuration in which the control unit 140 determines the place of occurrence of the failure and the cause of the failure will be described later with reference to FIGS. 7 to 8B.

Meanwhile, the solar power management system 100 may further include a sensing unit 150, a life calculation unit 160, and an analysis unit 170.

The sensing unit 150 measures the at least one of the temperature and vibration of the solar cell array 11 to generate first monitoring data, and measures at least one of the temperature, vibration, and solar radiation of the solar inverter 12 to measure the second Monitoring data can be generated. The detailed configuration of the sensing unit 150 will be described later with reference to FIG. 4.

The life calculator 160 manages the first driving time and the first driving cycle (or the number of driving times) of the solar cell array 11 and is based on the first driving time, the first driving cycle, and the first monitoring data. By doing so, the first life expectancy of the solar cell array 11 can be calculated. Similarly, the life calculator 160 manages the second driving time and the second driving cycle of the solar inverter 12, and the solar inverter based on the second driving time, the second driving cycle, and the second monitoring data The second life expectancy of (12) can be calculated. Here, the first life expectancy may indicate a change in efficiency over time of the solar cell array 11, and the second life expectancy may indicate a change in efficiency over time of the solar inverter 12.

In this case, the power generation amount predicting unit 120 may calculate the first power generation amount (that is, the predicted power generation amount) based on the first weather data, the first life expectancy, and the second life expectancy. If the efficiency (that is, the ratio of the actual generation amount to the predicted generation amount) is out of the standard efficiency range, the control unit 140 determines whether or not the solar power generation system 10 has a failure based on the first and second monitoring results. And at least one of the causes of the failure. For example, if the efficiency is outside the standard efficiency range, whether there are singularities in the first and second monitoring results (ie, temperature, vibration, solar radiation, etc.) at the time point (or within a specific time range from the time point) And the cause of the disorder can be predicted based on the singularity.

Meanwhile, the controller 140 may determine a first inspection timing and / or a first replacement timing of the solar cell array 11 based on the first life expectancy calculated by the life calculator 160. Similarly, the control unit 140 may determine a second inspection timing and / or a second replacement timing of the solar inverter 120 based on the second life expectancy.

Meanwhile, the analysis unit 170 may store real-time change trends by date and time zone stored in the database in correspondence with real-time weather and real-time measured power generation and store it in the database. The stored data can be used to determine whether the photovoltaic system 10 has failed, failed, or abnormal. The data stored in the database are continuously updated, and in this case, the power generation amount predicting unit 120 may predict a more accurate power generation amount using the database.

As described with reference to FIG. 1, the solar power management system 100 according to embodiments of the present invention is based on the measured power generation amount, the first monitoring result, and the second monitoring result. By predicting old age, the solar power generation system 10 can be driven with higher efficiency through periodic failure diagnosis and inspection.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a weather information collection unit included in the solar power management system of FIG. 1.

1 and 2, the weather information collection unit 110 may be implemented as a wireless weather information collection device 200.

The wireless weather information collection device 200 includes a housing 210 having a solar panel 211, an insolation measurement unit 220 with an insolation measurement sensor, a temperature measurement unit 230 with a temperature measurement sensor, and a control module. And it may be configured to include a management unit 240 having a wireless communication module.

The housing 210 is configured to mount the entire component, and may have a predetermined external shape and internal space. The upper portion of the housing 210 is formed in a flat shape, and one or more solar panels 211 may be provided on the upper portion, and a power source for managing and storing the electric power produced by the solar panels 211 may be provided in a portion of the external or internal space. It may be provided as a module.

The solar radiation measurement unit 220 is provided on the side of the housing 210, and is configured to include a solar radiation measurement sensor for measuring the solar radiation, and can measure the solar radiation. Here, the amount of solar radiation is the amount of solar radiation coming from the sun (solar radiation) hitting the surface, measuring the amount of solar radiation and measuring the amount of solar radiation reaching the solar panel 211 or the amount of solar radiation reaching the actual ground. It can be sheep.

For example, the solar radiation measurement unit 220 is configured to protrude from the side of the housing 210 to the side, and a vertical solar radiation measurement sensor 223, a horizontal solar radiation measurement sensor 224 or a tracking solar radiation measurement sensor on the outside. At least one solar radiation measurement sensor of 225 may be provided.

In one embodiment, the solar radiation measurement unit 220 is formed to protrude from the side of the housing 210 to the side and is fixed to the housing 210 and the main body 221, and is rotatable on the outer periphery of the main body 221 Mounted in a fixed state, it may be configured to include one or more sensor drums 222 having at least one of the measurement sensors on the outside.

That is, one side of the main body 221 is fastened to the side of the housing 210, and the other side can be extended from one side to the side. Here, the main body 221 is configured in a cylinder shape or a block shape having a vertical cross-section, so that the sensor drum 222 may be rotatably mounted on the outer periphery.

The sensor drum 222 is rotatably mounted on the outer circumference of the main body 221 or fixed, and at least one of the measurement sensors may be provided outside.

For example, the upper portion of the housing 110 is configured to be provided with one or more vertical solar radiation measurement sensor 223, the sensor drum 222 is provided with a horizontal solar radiation measurement sensor 24, the main body 221 manually A first sensor drum (222a) mounted to be rotatable, and a tracking type solar radiation measurement sensor (225) is provided, and is mounted to be automatically rotatable by a driving body (260) provided on the main body (221) It may be configured to include a two-sensor drum (222b).

In one embodiment, the sensor drum 222 includes a video camera 250 with a built-in motion sensor, and is mounted to be automatically rotatable by a driving body 260 provided on the main body 221 A sensor drum 222c may be further included.

The video camera 250 may take a video of the surroundings of the wireless weather information collection device 200, receive a subject detection signal by a motion detection sensor, track the movement of the subject, and photograph the video. Here, the motion monitoring sensor and the video camera 250 may be moved by rotation of the third sensor drum 222c provided in the main body 221, and the third sensor drum 222c may be the first sensor drum 222a. ) Or may be provided to be rotatable on a portion of the main body 221 adjacent to the second sensor drum 222b.

The temperature measurement unit 230 is provided in at least one of the housing 210 or the solar radiation measurement unit 220 and includes a temperature measurement sensor for measuring the air temperature, the temperature of one of the housing 210 or the solar radiation measurement unit 220. And, the air temperature and the temperature of the wireless weather information collecting device 200 may be continuously or hourly measured.

The management unit 240 is provided inside the housing 210 to receive and manage the information generated by the power module, solar radiation measurement sensor and temperature measurement sensor, and the control module connected to the control module to externally generate the generated information ( Or, it may be configured to include a wireless communication module for wireless communication with the power generation predictor (120).

3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration for obtaining weather data in the solar power management system of FIG. 1.

Referring to FIG. 3, the solar power management system 100 (or the control unit 140) is a weather station 311, 312 (eg, at least one weather station adjacent to the solar power system 10). Receives second weather data (that is, weather data measured at weather stations 311, 312) from the first location information of the solar power system 10 and second location information of the weather stations 311, 312 Interpolation of the second weather data based on the third weather data (ie, weather data of the power generation area predicted based on the second weather data) to generate the first weather data based on the third weather data It is possible to calculate the reliability, or determine whether the weather information collection unit 110 is operating normally. As the reliability is relatively high, the reference efficiency range (ie, a range in which the ratio (efficiency) of the actual generation amount to the predicted generation amount is determined to be normal) may be set relatively narrow.

For example, the Taeanggwang power generation management system 100 acquires weather data from the first and second weather stations 311 and 312, and the GPS coordinates of the weather stations and the GPS coordinates of the solar power system 10. On the basis of the interpolation of weather data, it is possible to predict the weather (eg, solar radiation, temperature, humidity, wind direction and wind speed) of the region where the solar power system 10 is located (ie, the power generation region).

On the other hand, the control unit 140 calculates the reliability (for example, an average ratio) of the first weather data generated by the weather information collection unit 110 based on the predicted third data, and the reference efficiency range based on the reliability Can be set (for example, 100%-reliability (%) = reference efficiency error range (%)). In addition, when the reliability is out of the standard reliability range, it may be determined that an abnormality / disorder has occurred in the weather information collection unit 110.

As described with reference to FIG. 3, the photovoltaic power generation management system 100 according to embodiments of the present invention obtains second weather data from an external weather station to predict weather conditions in a power generation area, and based on the predicted weather By determining the reliability of the first weather data generated by the meteorological information collection unit 110, the error range (i.e., a reference range for determining whether an abnormality / failure of the solar power system 10) is variable based on the reliability By setting to, it is possible to reduce the error (or false positive) of the photovoltaic power generation management system 100 due to an error in weather information.

4 is a view showing an example of a sensing unit included in the solar power management system of FIG. 1.

1 and 4, the sensing unit 150 measures at least one of the temperature and vibration of the solar cell array 11 to generate first monitoring data, and the temperature and vibration of the solar inverter 12, The second monitoring data may be generated by measuring at least one of the solar radiation.

The sensing unit 150 may include a temperature sensor 410, a vibration sensor 420, and a solar radiation measurement sensor 430.

The temperature sensor 410 is provided inside the solar cell array 11 and / or the solar inverter 12 to measure the internal temperature of the solar cell array 11 and / or the solar inverter 12. The specific configuration and arrangement of the temperature sensor 410 is described in detail in Korean Patent Registration No. 1,593,962, so a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The vibration sensor 420 is installed on an installation stand (or support) supporting the solar cell array 11 or the solar inverter 12 to detect vibrations generated by wind or the like.

For example, the vibration sensor 420 is disposed adjacent to the solar cell array 11 and includes first vibration sensors for detecting vibration of the solar cell array 11 generated by wind, and the solar inverter 12 ), And may include second vibration sensors that sense vibration of the solar inverter 12 generated by wind. In this case, the life calculator 160 calculates the first life expectancy based on the magnitude of the vibration of the solar cell array 11 and the cumulative vibration amount, and the magnitude and vibration of the vibration of the solar inverter 12 The second life expectancy can be calculated based on the quantity. On the other hand, when the magnitude of vibration of the solar cell array 11 exceeds a reference value for a certain period of time, the controller 140 may determine that there is a failure in the solar cell array 11 or reset the inspection timing in anticipation of a failure. have.

The solar radiation measurement sensor 430 is disposed on one side of the solar inverter 12 to measure the amount of light incident to the solar inverter 12.

For example, when the solar inverter 12 is exposed to the outside, the solar radiation measurement sensor 430 may measure the amount of light incident to the solar inverter 12. In this case, the life calculation unit 160 analyzes a correlation between the amount of light for the solar inverter 12 and the internal temperature of the solar inverter 12, and the degree of exposure (or cumulative light amount) of the solar inverter 12 ), The second life expectancy of the solar inverter 12 can be calculated. That is, the life calculation unit 160 may calculate the second life expectancy by increasing the reduction width of the second life expectancy as the internal temperature and the amount of light of the solar inverter 12 increase.

As described with reference to FIG. 4, the sensing unit 150 includes a temperature sensor 410, a vibration sensor 420, a solar radiation measurement sensor 430, and the like, and the life calculation unit 160 is a sensing unit 150 The first life expectancy of the solar cell array 11 and the second life expectancy of the solar inverter 12 may be more accurately calculated based on the first and second monitoring data measured through.

Meanwhile, referring to FIG. 4, the sensing unit 150 is described as including the temperature sensor 410, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the sensing unit 150 may further include a thermal imaging camera that is spaced apart from the solar cell array 11 and the solar inverter 12 to generate a thermal image. In this case, the life calculation 160 and the control unit 140 calculate the life expectancy based on the thermal image, determine the failure, failure, or abnormality of the solar power system 10, or operate the components (or Stop).

5A is a view showing a change in output of the solar cell array according to a change in the internal temperature, and FIG. 5B is a view showing a change in output of the solar cell array according to the shading.

Referring to Figure 5a, the output voltage and the amount of power generation changes according to the temperature of the solar cell array 11, the temperature may increase when generating power due to the characteristics of the solar cell. However, if the temperature increases beyond a certain range, the power generation efficiency of the solar cell may drop rapidly and the amount of energy generated may be lowered.

In addition, when the solar cell is operated at a high temperature, power generation loss may occur as the durability of the solar cell itself decreases.

Accordingly, the operating temperature, output voltage, and output current of the cell are measured in real time through the power generation unit 130 and / or the sensing unit 150 to control the operation of the cell when the temperature exceeds the optimum efficiency range. By doing so, it is possible to prevent the power generation efficiency from falling. That is, using the temperature sensor 410 of the sensing unit 150 described with reference to FIG. 4, the temperature during the solar cell operation is sensed, and the control unit 140 controls the solar cell to operate at an optimal temperature condition. can do.

The control unit 140 may compare the internal temperature sensed by the sensing unit 150 with a preset temperature to determine whether the corresponding cell temperature is normal. For example, the controller 140 may compare the internal temperature with a preset temperature, and if the sensed internal temperature is greater than or equal to the preset temperature, determine that the corresponding cell is overheated and stop the operation of the solar cell.

Referring to FIG. 5B, the control unit 140 may determine whether to shade each solar cell based on the illuminance measured through an optical sensor (not shown). For example, when the illuminance detected by the optical sensor is less than or equal to the set illuminance, the controller 140 may stop driving the solar cell module in which the corresponding solar cell is installed.

As shown in FIG. 5B, the shade generated in the solar cell array 11 causes a voltage drop of the corresponding solar cell, and may decrease the power output of the entire solar cell array 11. Therefore, according to the present invention, power can be changed more efficiently by controlling the driving of the solar cell array 11 by sensing the shadow.

6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a power generation predictor included in the solar power management system of FIG. 1.

Referring to FIG. 6, the power generation amount predicting unit 120 based on the first weather data (ie, solar radiation, temperature, humidity, wind direction, and wind speed) and the sun's altitude angle and azimuth angle (ie, the predicted power generation amount) Can be calculated.

The generation amount prediction unit 120 (or the analysis unit 170) uses the past weather data, the sun's elevation angle, and the azimuth angle as learning data, and inputs solar radiation, the sun's elevation angle, and the sun's azimuth angle as inputs, and predicts A function that outputs the amount of power generated can be obtained. In this case, the power generation amount predicting unit 120 may predict the current power generation amount in correspondence to the current measured solar radiation input to the acquired function, the current solar elevation angle, and the azimuth angle.

For example, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the power generation predictor 120 configures an artificial neural network that inputs solar radiation, an altitude of the sun, and an azimuth of the sun as an input, and outputs the predicted power generation as a stochastic gradient descent. (Stochastic Gradient Descent) can be used to adjust the neural network connection weight of the artificial neural network.

For another example, the power generation predicting unit 120 may use other machine learning algorithms based on regression learning by using solar radiation, an elevation angle of the sun, and an azimuth angle of the sun as learning data.

7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a power generation amount measurement unit included in the solar power management system of FIG. 1.

The solar cell array 11 includes a plurality of solar cell modules 711 to 718 connected in series with each other; And it may include a connection panel 720 for transmitting the power generated by the solar cell modules (711 to 718) to the solar inverter 120. In this case, the generation amount measurement unit 130 includes: a first measurement line 731 connected to one of the solar cell modules 711 to 718; And a second measurement line 732 connected to the connection panel 720, and partial voltages may be calculated through the first and second measurement lines 731 and 732. The control unit 140 may determine whether a failure occurs in at least one of the solar cell modules 711 to 720 based on the second power generation amount (or actual power generation amount) and the partial voltage.

Referring to FIG. 7, the first to eighth solar cell modules 711 to 718 formed of solar cells are connected in series through a serial line to form one solar cell array 11, and the solar cell array ( 11) is connected to the connection panel 720.

The negative terminal of the first solar cell module 711 among the first to eighth solar cell modules 711 to 718 connected in series is ground, and in the middle of the first to eighth solar cell modules. The first measurement line 731 may be connected to a series line connecting the positive terminal of the fourth solar cell module 714 and the negative terminal of the fifth solar cell module 715 in series. Similarly, the second measurement line 732 may be connected to the output terminal of the eighth solar cell module 718 or may be connected to the connection panel 720.

The first and second measurement lines 731 and 732 are connected to the power generation measurement unit 130, and the power generation measurement unit 130 reads the voltages of the measurement lines 731 and 732 to obtain an output voltage, The outputs detected through the generated power generation and measurement lines 731 and 732 after calculating and calculating the power generation capacity of each photovoltaic cell module sequentially according to the serial connection order of the eight photovoltaic cell modules 711 to 718 It is possible to determine whether the photovoltaic cell modules 711 to 718 have failed in preparation for voltage.

As described with reference to FIG. 7, the generation amount measurement unit 130 measures partial voltages of the photovoltaic cell modules 711 to 718 through the first and second measurement lines 731 and 732, and Since individual fault diagnosis is possible for the battery modules 711 to 718, the fault location (or fault module) can be easily identified.

8A and 8B are diagrams illustrating a process of detecting a faulty solar cell module in a control unit included in the photovoltaic power generation management system of FIG. 1.

8A and 8B, the solar cell array 11 includes solar cell modules of M rows * N columns (where M and N are positive integers), and the sensing unit 150 is a solar cell The output voltage of each of the modules can be measured.

Meanwhile, the controller 140 may detect a solar cell module having a failure, an abnormality, or a failure using the first and second failure detection methods. For example, the control unit 140 may use the first failure detection method when the total output of the solar power system 10 exceeds a reference output (for example, when there is a large amount of solar radiation). According to the first failure detection method, the controller 140 sequentially compares the target output voltage of the target battery module among the photovoltaic cell modules with the first to fourth output voltages of the first to fourth comparison battery modules. It is possible to determine whether the battery module is operating normally. Here, the first and second comparison battery modules are included in the same row as the target battery module and disposed closest to each other, and the third and fourth comparison battery modules are included in the same column as the target battery module and disposed closest to each other. have. For another example, when the total output of the photovoltaic power generation system 10 is smaller than the reference output (for example, when the amount of solar radiation is small), the controller 140 outputs the target output voltage of the target battery module and K (however, K is an integer of 8 or more), and sequentially compares output voltages of the comparison battery modules to determine whether the target battery module operates normally. Here, the K comparative battery modules may be sequentially arranged in a spiral direction based on the target battery module.

The controller 140 may select a solar cell module corresponding to the array having the highest average voltage value of the solar cell array as a target cell module, that is, a fault diagnosis target. This is because it can be considered that the amount of insolation is sufficient and no shading occurs.

In general, the failure detection method compares voltages between solar cell modules in a series string. However, when the positions of the modules in the serial string are not contiguous and spaced apart, and some of the modules classified as one group are in a shaded state that does not receive sunlight or an insufficient irradiation condition, accurate trouble diagnosis may be difficult. Can be.

Therefore, the control unit 140 may use the first and second failure detection methods, but complement the advantages and disadvantages of the first and second failure detection methods, and selectively use them according to power generation conditions.

As shown in FIG. 8A, in the case of the first fault detection method, the controller 140 may compare voltages with adjacent modules located in the up, down, left, and right directions around the target battery module (ie, the fault diagnosis target module) (ie. , Cross comparison). The first fault detection method has the advantage of being able to intuitively determine whether a fault has occurred, but has a disadvantage that it is difficult to determine when the surrounding area is shaded or contaminated. Therefore, in a case where the amount of power generation is relatively high, that is, in a case where there is a low possibility of being shaded or contaminated, the control unit 140 may use the first failure detection method.

As shown in FIG. 8B, in the case of the second failure detection method, the control unit 140 may compare the voltage values of all surrounding modules spirally around the target battery module (ie, the failure diagnosis target module) (ie , Spiral comparison). The second failure detection method is more reliable than the first failure detection method in group units of modules, but as the scale of the photovoltaic system 10 increases, the load increases and the determination time may take longer. Therefore, when the amount of power generation is relatively low, the control unit 140 may use a second failure detection method.

As described with reference to FIGS. 8A and 8B, the photovoltaic power management system 100 according to embodiments of the present invention uses different first and second failure detection schemes according to the amount of power generation (or solar radiation). By determining whether the solar cell modules are operating normally, it is possible to improve the reliability of the failure detection and reduce the load.

9 is a view showing an example of the life expectancy calculated by the life calculation unit included in the solar power management system of FIG. 1.

The life calculation unit 160 compares and analyzes the cumulative generation amount of the photovoltaic power generation system 10 to infer the aging state of the photovoltaic power generation system 10 (or, the solar cell array 11, the photovoltaic inverter 12). can do. The life calculation unit 160 may analyze data stored in the database to set a slope value for a decrease in power generation and a baseline for aging, and infer a critical time to the aging baseline.

The life calculator 160 may determine the expected average slope AG required for repair prediction, and obtain the value to calculate the predicted time until repair is required based on the expected average slope.

[Delta] a required for predicting the performance degradation can be calculated by Equation 1 below.

[Equation 1]

Here, a is the expected average slope, ti is time, gi is the amount of solar power generated at ti time, n is the number of slopes to be used to calculate the expected average slope, k is the first time to be used to calculate the expected average slope, and It may be an index for power generation.

이고 시간에 대한 i 번째 구간 값은

라고 정의한다면 구간에 대한 평균 기울기는 k번째부터 (n-1)번째 까지 합을 구의 개수 n으로 나눈 값으로 정의할 수 있다. 따라서, 평균 기울기는 수학식 1과 같이 표현될 수 있다. 이후, 수명 산출부(160)는 선정된 기울기에 따라 남은 시간 t(예를 들어, 고장 진단 시간)를 구할 수 있다.The power generation i-th section value

And the i-th interval value for time is

If it is defined as, the average slope for the interval can be defined as the sum from kth to (n-1) th divided by the number of spheres n. Therefore, the average slope can be expressed as Equation (1). Thereafter, the life calculator 160 may obtain the remaining time t (eg, a fault diagnosis time) according to the selected slope.

As described with reference to FIG. 9, the life calculation unit 160 predicts the aging (or expected life, failure diagnosis time, and inspection time, etc.) of the photovoltaic power generation system 10, thereby allowing the solar cell array 11 to be predicted. It is possible to prevent a rapid decrease in power generation due to deterioration and a decrease in the performance of the solar inverter 12.

The present invention can be applied to a photovoltaic power generation management system, a failure diagnosis device for a photovoltaic power generation system, and the like.

As described above, although described with reference to embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art variously vary the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the claims below. It will be understood that modifications and changes can be made.

10: Solar power system
11: Solar cell array
12: solar inverter
100: solar power management system
110: weather information collection unit
120: power generation prediction unit
130: power generation measurement unit
140: control unit
150: sensing unit
160: life calculation unit
170: analysis unit

Claims (3)

In a solar power management system for diagnosing the state of a solar power system including a solar cell array and a solar inverter,
A meteorological information collection unit that generates first weather data by measuring at least one of solar radiation, temperature, humidity, wind direction, and wind speed;
A power generation predictor for predicting a power generation amount of the photovoltaic system based on the first weather data and calculating a first power generation amount;
A power generation amount measuring unit disposed between the solar cell array and the solar inverter or at an output terminal of the solar inverter to measure a power generation amount of the solar power system to calculate a second power generation amount; And
Comparing the first power generation amount and the second power generation amount to calculate the efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system, and when the efficiency is out of the standard efficiency range, based on the second power generation amount, at least one of a failure occurrence location and a failure occurrence cause It includes a control unit to determine,
A sensing unit measuring at least one of temperature and vibration of the solar cell array to generate first monitoring data, and measuring at least one of temperature, vibration, and solar radiation of the solar inverter to generate second monitoring data; And
Manage the first driving time and the first driving cycle of the solar cell array, calculate the first life expectancy of the solar cell array based on the first driving time, the first driving cycle and the first monitoring data , Manages the second driving time and the second driving cycle of the solar inverter, and calculates the second life expectancy of the solar inverter based on the second driving time, the second driving cycle, and the second monitoring data It further includes a life calculation unit,
The first life expectancy represents a change in efficiency over time of the solar cell array,
The second life expectancy represents a change in efficiency over time of the solar inverter,
The power generation prediction unit calculates the first power generation based on the first weather data, the first life expectancy, and the second life expectancy,
When the efficiency is out of the reference efficiency range, the control unit determines at least one of the occurrence of the failure, the location of the failure, and the cause of the failure, based on the first and second monitoring results,
The controller determines a first inspection time and a first replacement time of the solar cell array based on the first expected life, and a second inspection time and a second replacement of the solar inverter based on the second expected life. Solar power generation management system using weather information characterized by determining the timing.
According to claim 1, The weather information collection unit,
A housing provided with at least one solar panel on the top, and having a power module for managing and storing electric power produced by the solar panel;
An insolation measurement unit provided on a side of the housing and having an insolation measurement sensor for measuring insolation;
A temperature measurement unit provided in at least one of the housing or the solar radiation measurement unit and having a temperature measurement sensor for measuring air temperature, at least one of the housing or the solar radiation measurement unit; And
A control module provided inside the housing to receive and manage information generated by the power module, solar radiation measurement sensor, and temperature measurement sensor, and wireless communication connected to the control module to wirelessly communicate the generated information with an administrator terminal. Solar power management system using weather information, characterized in that it comprises a management unit comprising a module.
The method of claim 1, wherein the control unit,
Receive the second weather data for the weather station from the weather station, and interpolate the second weather data based on the first location information of the photovoltaic power generation system and the second location information of the weather station to generate third weather data. And calculates the reliability of the first weather data based on the third weather data, or determines whether the weather information collection unit is operating normally,
Solar power generation management system using weather information, characterized in that the higher the reliability, the relatively narrow the reference efficiency range.

Images