-eneとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• enPR: -ēn
• (Received Pronunciation, General Australian, New Zealand, India) IPA: /-iːn/
• (General American, Canada, Scotland) IPA: /-in/

• 韻: -iːn
• ハイフネーション: -ene

語源 1

Borrowed from Latin -ēnus, from Ancient Greek -ηνός (-ēnós), forming adjectives from place names.

接尾辞

-ene (adjective-forming suffix, not comparable)

1. Forms adjectives relating to places and nouns for their inhabitants.

   ‎Cairo + ‎-ene → ‎Cairene

   ‎Damascus + ‎-ene → ‎Damascene

2. Forms adjectives and nouns denoting religious groups from personal names.

   ‎Rogers + ‎-ene → ‎Rogerene

   ‎Hagar + ‎-ene → ‎Hagarene

参考

• -ine

参照

• “-ene, suffix”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

語源 2

Borrowed from French -ène, chosen by French chemist Jean-Baptiste Dumas to avoid confusion with chemicals in -ine.

接尾辞

-ene (noun-forming suffix, plural -enes)

1. (organic chemistry) An unsaturated hydrocarbon having at least one double bond; an alkene.
2. (organic chemistry) An aromatic hydrocarbon based on benzene.
3. A polymer derived from an alkene.

使用する際の注意点

The common names of some other organic compounds also end in -ene.

派生語

参考

参照

• “-ene, comb. form”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

語源 3

Derived from graphene, expressing its monolayer characteristic.

接尾辞

-ene (noun-forming suffix, plural -enes)

1. A single-atom thick two-dimensional layer of atoms.

派生語

アナグラム

• -een, Nee, e'en, een, nee, née

語源 1

See -enne.

接尾辞

-ene

1. (Late Old English) alternative form of -enne

語源 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

接尾辞

-ene

1. inflection of -en:
   1. dative singular
   2. strong accusative feminine singular
   3. strong instrumental masculine/neuter singular
   4. strong nominative/accusative masculine/feminine plural
   5. weak nominative feminine/neuter singular
   6. weak accusative neuter singular

別の表記

• -an, -en, -yn, -yne
• -ena, -enne (Early Middle English, rare)

発音

• IPA: /-ən(ə)/, /-nə/
• ハイフネーション: -ene

接尾辞

-ene

1. (chiefly Kent, Southern or West Midland) used to form the genitive plural of nouns

   Synonyms: -es (more common), -e (somewhat less common)

   • c. 1378-9, [William Langland], “Paſſus xıx᷒ et explıcıt Dobet // et ımplıcıt Dobeſt”, in [Piers Plowman, A Treatise on Sin] (W, B-text), London, published c. 1400, →OCLC, folio 116, verso; republished as Thorlac Turville-Petre, Hoyt N. Duggan, editors, Cambridge, Trinity College, MS B.15.17 (The Piers Plowman Electronic Archive; 2), SEENET, 2014, →ISBN:

     ¶ Kynges þat come after. knelede. and offrede / Mırre and muche gold. Wıþ outen mercy aſkynge / Or any kynnes catel. but knowelıchynge hym sou͛eyn / Boþe of lond. sonne and see. and sıþenes þeı wente / In to hır kyngene kıþ. by counseıl of Aungeles

     Then kings came next, kneeling and offering / myrrh and plenty of gold, without asking for favour / or any kind of wealth, but instead acknowledging him as sovereign / of the land, sun, and sea; then they went / back to the kings' people using instructions from angels.

使用する際の注意点

• Already in late Old English, there was a tendency to extend the suffix -ena from weak (n-stem) nouns to other noun classes, especially in the noun dæġ (“day”); for instance, dagena is found for earlier daga (“days'”). This trend continues and reaches completion in Middle English; therefore, -ene can be suffixed to nouns of any Old English inflectional class, as in kingene king (“king of kings”) for more conservative kinge king (Old English cy(ni)nga cy(ni)ng).
• However, -ene is itself supplanted by -es, extended from the genitive singular and nominative/accusative plural. This replacement begins very early, meaning that -ene is mostly nonexistent in East Midland and Northern Middle English (including Early Scots) and recessive in the other dialects, with -es becoming increasingly predominant after the Early Middle English period just like the nominative/accusative plural ending. However, weak nouns (n-stems) tended to preserve -ene insofar as they survived, as it could be identified with the nominative/accusative plural ending -en in line with a Middle English tendency to efface all plural case distinctions, though the suffix was often disyllabic in verse, demonstrating that this tendency was not total.
• Especially in later Middle English, genitive plurals formed with -ene increasingly acquired an "adjectival colouring", becoming influenced by and undergoing partial conflation with the adjectival suffix -en, which thus acquires a form -ene. A strict boundary between denominal possessive adjectives formed with -en and nouns inflected with -ene is therefore impossible to draw. For a more complete development of an adjectival suffix from a genitive plural, see Old French francor (“French”) and German -er.
• This ending is especially found with semantically animate nouns, in contrast with -e, which is chiefly applied to inanimate nouns.
• This suffix tends to induce the same alternations in the noun stem as the plural suffix -es, as in dawene (“days'”).

参照

語源 2

Inherited from 古期英語 -enne, -anne (with reduction of the geminate unstressed position), from Proto-West Germanic *-annjē, *-jannjē, *-ōnnjē, possibly equivalent to -en (uninflected infinitive) +‎ -e (dative singular).

別の表記

• -ne (after vowels)
• -ende, -inge, -ynge (Southern, South Midland, by confusion with the present participle -ynge)
• -enne, -nne (early; see below)

発音

• IPA: /-ənə/, /-nə/
• ハイフネーション: -ene

接尾辞

-ene

1. (chiefly Early Middle English; Southern, Kent or South Midland) used to form the inflected infinitive of verbs

使用する際の注意点

• The inflected infinitive can be used whenever to precedes in the dialects where it occurs, though it is never mandatory and is gradually ousted by the uninflected infinitive during the Early Middle English period, becoming restricted to ever less verbs, especially to donne (“to do”). Occasional occurrences in later Middle English mostly follow certain monosyllabic vowel-final verbal roots: as in to bene ("to be", but Chaucer has to been), to done ("to do", still the most common), to sene (“to see”), and to seyne (“to say”); only in Late Middle English does it disappear due to the loss of the final schwa distinguishing the inflected and uninflected infinitives.
• Some Early Middle English texts retain -nne immediately following a stressed vowel (to donne) while exhibiting -ene in other positions (to speokene); very early Middle English instances of -enne in other positions represent either influence from the Old English written tradition or because the simplification of unstressed geminates was yet incomplete. Where -nne was retained, it probably occasioned shortening of the stem vowel (e.g. /tɔ ˈdɔnnə/); its belated replacement with -ne likely represents levelling of the stem vowel from the uninflected infinitive rather than leveling of -ene from other inflected infinitives since they had become rare (see above).

参照

語源 3

See -en (adjectival suffix).

接尾辞

-ene

1. alternative form of -en (adjectival suffix)

接尾辞

-ēne

1. vocative masculine singular of -ēnus