onlyとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 中期英語 oonly, only, from 古期英語 ānlīċ, ǣnlīċ (“only; singular; solitary”), from Proto-Germanic *ainalīkaz. Cognate with obsolete Dutch eenlijk, German ähnlich (“similar”), Old Norse álíkr, Swedish enlig (“unified”). By surface analysis, on(e) +‎ -ly.

• Regarding the different phonological development of only and one, see the note in one.

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /ˈəʊn.li/, (in fast speech) /ˈəʊn.i/
  • (Northumbria) IPA: /ˈɑːn.li/
• (米国発音) IPA: /ˈoʊn.li/
• (Canada) IPA: [ˈoːn.li], (dialectal) [ˈɔːn.lɪ]
• (Indic) IPA: /ˈonli/, (dialectal) /(w)ɵnˈli/, /ˈwənli/ ("one-ly")
• ハイフネーション: on‧ly
• 韻: -əʊnli

形容詞

only (not comparable)

1. Alone in a category.

   He is the only doctor for miles.

   The only people in the stadium were the fans: no players, coaches, or officials.

   He was the only male in attendance at the boyband concert.

   That was the only time I went to Turkey.

   • 2013 July 26, Nick Miroff, “Mexico gets a taste for eating insects […]”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 7, page 32:

     The San Juan market is Mexico City's most famous deli of exotic meats, where an adventurous shopper can hunt down hard-to-find critters such as ostrich, wild boar and crocodile. Only the city zoo offers greater species diversity.

2. Singularly superior; the best.
   • c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

     Motley's the only wear.

   • 1762, [Samuel] Foote, The Orators. […], Dublin: […] Thomas Richey, […], →OCLC, Act III, page 54:

     But as to uſquebagh; ah long life to the liquor—it is an exhilirator of the bovvels, and a ſtomatic to the head; I ſay, Mr. Preſident, it invigorates, it ſtimulates, it—in ſhort it is the onlieſt liquor of life, and no man alive vvill die vvhilſt he drinks it.

   • 1888, United States. Department of State, Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, page 316:

     The baron had taken a great liking to the Americans and to their ways of doing things, and frequently asserted that America was the only place to live.

   • 2015, Mike Lupica, The Only Game, →ISBN, pages 58–59:

     "People say there's other games," Jack had said to Cassie at Small Falls earlier that day. "But baseball's the only game."

3. Without sibling; without a sibling of the same gender.

   He is their only son, in fact, an only child.

   • 1949, Frank B[unker] Gilbreth, Jr., Ernestine Gilbreth Carey, Cheaper by the Dozen, dedication:

     To DAD ¶ who only reared twelve children ¶ and ¶ To MOTHER ¶ who reared twelve only children

4. (obsolete) Mere.
   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 40, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book I, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

     I know some who wittingly have drawne both profit and preferment from cuckoldrie, the only name whereof is so yrksome and bail-ful to so many men.

同意語

• (alone in a category): sole, lone; see also Thesaurus:sole
• (singularly superior): peerless, unequaled, nonpareil

下位語

• client-only
• server-only

派生語

副詞

only (not comparable)

1. Without others or anything further; exclusively.
   • 2013 June 7, Ed Pilkington, “‘Killer robots’ should be banned in advance, UN told”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 6:

     In his submission to the UN, [Christof] Heyns points to the experience of drones. Unmanned aerial vehicles were intended initially only for surveillance, and their use for offensive purposes was prohibited, yet once strategists realised their perceived advantages as a means of carrying out targeted killings, all objections were swept out of the way.

   My heart is hers, and hers only.

   I threw out only him.

   The cat sat only on the mat. It kept off the sofa.

   The only scientist to have won three Nobel prizes.

2. No more than; just.
   • 1949, Frank B. Gilbreth, Jr. and Ernestine Gilbreth Carey, Cheaper by the Dozen, dedication:

     To DAD

     who only reared twelve children

     and

     To MOTHER

     who reared twelve only children

   • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 20, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

     ‘No. I only opened the door a foot and put my head in. The street lamps shine into that room. I could see him. He was all right. Sleeping like a great grampus. Poor, poor chap.’

   • 1931, Dorothy L Sayers, chapter 24, in The Five Red Herrings:

     […] oot of a' six suspects there's not one that's been proved to ha' been nigh the place where the corpse was found, only Mr Graham.

   • 2013 June 22, “Engineers of a different kind”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 70:

     Private-equity nabobs bristle at being dubbed mere financiers. Piling debt onto companies’ balance-sheets is only a small part of what leveraged buy-outs are about, they insist. Improving the workings of the businesses they take over is just as core to their calling, if not more so. Much of their pleading is public-relations bluster.

   The cat only sat on the mat. It didn't scratch it.

   If there were only one more ticket!

3. As recently as.
   • c. 1924-1955, anonymous, The Urantia Book

     Only yesterday did I feed you with bread for your bodies; today I offer you the bread of life for your hungry souls.

   • 2013 August 3, “Yesterday’s fuel”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

     The dawn of the oil age was fairly recent. Although the stuff was used to waterproof boats in the Middle East 6,000 years ago, extracting it in earnest began only in 1859 after an oil strike in Pennsylvania. The first barrels of crude fetched $18 (around $450 at today’s prices).

   He left only moments ago.

4. Emphasizing something that is just or necessary.

   It's only fair to let him borrow your kite, after you've had his toys all day.

   He'd been belittling her for years. It's only natural that she left.

5. (British) Used to express surprise or consternation at an action.

   She's only gone and run off with the milkman!

   • 2012, David Walliams [pseudonym; David Edward Williams], Ratburger, London: HarperCollins Children’s Books, →ISBN:

     The van said ‘BURT’S BURGERS’ on one side and ‘BURT’S PEST CONTROL’ on the other. Zoe stared at the van. The creepy man was only using the same vehicle for catching rats that he did for frying burgers!

6. (Ireland, informal) Just, simply, undoubtedly.

   Sure you're only gorgeous!

7. Introduces a disappointing or surprising outcome that renders futile something previously mentioned.

   They rallied from a three-goal deficit only to lose in the final two minutes of play.

   I spent years studying a degree only to learn there was no requirement for such a certification.

   I helped him out only for him to betray me.

   • 2012 May 5, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 2-1 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport‎:

     He met Luis Suarez's cross at the far post, only for Chelsea keeper Petr Cech to show brilliant reflexes to deflect his header on to the bar. Carroll turned away to lead Liverpool's insistent protests that the ball had crossed the line but referee Phil Dowd and assistant referee Andrew Garratt waved play on, with even a succession of replays proving inconclusive.

8. (obsolete) Above all others; particularly.
   • 1604 (date written), Iohn Marston [i.e., John Marston], Parasitaster, or The Fawne, […], London: […] T[homas] P[urfoot] for W[illiam] C[otton], published 1606, →OCLC, (please specify the page):

     his most only elected mistress

同意語

• (without others): See also Thesaurus:solely
• (no more than): See also Thesaurus:merely
• (as recently as):
• (above all others):

派生語

• if and only if
• if only
• only if
• only to

接続詞

only

1. (informal, clause-initial) Introduces a clause with negative polarity, often one which upsets the listener's expectations.
   1. Under the condition that; but. (clarification of this definition is needed.)

      You're welcome to borrow my bicycle, only please take care of it.

   2. But, except; but in fact. (clarification of this definition is needed.)

      I would enjoy running, only I have this broken leg.

      She would get good results only she gets nervous.

      You look like me, only shorter.

      • 1664 April 22, The Diary of Samuel Pepys:

        […] and pleasant it was, only for the dust.

      • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 8:28:

        And Pharaoh said, I will let you go, that ye may sacrifice to the LORD your God in the wilderness; only ye shall not go very far away.

関連する語

• if only

名詞

only (plural onlys or onlies)

1. An only child.
   • 1995, Don Martin, Maggie Martin, Pat Jeffers, Is Your Family Making You Fat?, page 101:

     Sometimes, secondborns marry onlys and the conflicts are similar.

   • 2013, Sybil L. Hart, Maria Legerstee, Handbook of Jealousy:

     The consistent finding […] that infants who are onlies do not differ from those who have siblings despite their lesser history of exposure to differential treatment is perplexing.

   • 2022 November 1, Chiara Dello Joio, “Why Are People Weird About Only Children?”, in The Atlantic‎:

     And in 2016, researchers in China took MRI brain scans and found that, compared with kids with siblings, onlies showed greater flexibility—a measurement of creativity—but lower agreeableness.

不変化詞

only

1. (Singapore, Singlish) Placed at the end of a sentence to emphasize that something is trivial, small, undemanding or deserving of belittlement.

   Synonyms: that's all, (Singlish) nia

   Just need to replace the filter only.

   • 2022, Daren Shiau, chapter VIII, in Heartland, Ethos Books, →ISBN:

     “No, you must listen to me,” the other replied. “I am Goh Chok Tong.”
     “I am the President, even bigger than you.”
     “President only! I am president of all the countries of the world!”

使用する際の注意点

Compare Malay sahaja, Hokkien 爾 / 尔 (niā), Cantonese 咋 (zaa) and Mandarin 而已 (éryǐ).

関連する語

参照

Further reading

• “only”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

アナグラム

• Lyon, lyon, noyl, ynol

語源

From 古期英語 ānlīċ, a form of ǣnlīċ; equivalent to on (“one”) +‎ -ly.

発音

• IPA: /ˈɔ̝ːnliː/
• IPA: /ˈaːnliː/ (Northern)

形容詞

only

1. alone, apart
2. only, sole, unique
3. peerless, singular

派生した語

• English: only
• Scots: anely