Ruminaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

固有名詞

Rumina

1. (Astronomy) A trans-Neptunian object orbiting in the scattered disc.

語源

Seemingly from rū̆mis (“teat, nipple, breast”) +‎ -īna, i.e. the feminine of Rū̆mīnus. The form seems to have been affected by analogy. As the tree named after the goddess (the Ficus Ruminalis) was associated with Romulus and Remus, the name was supposed in ancient times to be derived from a form like Rōmula (see Rōma). Another potential source of influence would be rūmen (“throat”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ruːˈmiː.na], [rʊˈmiː.na]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ruˈmiː.na]
• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈruː.mɪ.na]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈruː.mi.na]

固有名詞

Rū̆mī̆na f sg (genitive Rū̆mī̆nae); first declension

1. (Roman mythology) Rumina (goddess of nursing mothers)
   • Augustine of Hippo, De Civitate Dei 7.11:

     Dixerunt eum Victorem, Inuictum, Opitulum, Inpulsorem, Statorem, Centumpedam, Supinalem, Tigillum, Almum, Ruminum et alia quae persequi longum est. Haec autem cognomina inposuerunt uni deo propter causas potestatesque diversas, non tamen propter tot res etiam tot deos eum esse coegerunt: quod omnia vinceret, quod a nemine vinceretur, quod opem indigentibus ferret, quod haberet inpellendi, statuendi, stabiliendi, resupinandi potestatem, quod tamquam tigillus mundum contineret ac sustineret, quod aleret omnia, quod ruma, id est mamma, aleret animalia. In his, ut advertimus, quaedam magna sunt, quaedam exigua; et tamen unus utraque facere perhibetur. Puto inter se propinquiora esse causas rerum atque primordia, propter quas res unum mundum duos deos esse voluerunt, Iovem atque Ianum, quam continere mundum et mammam dare animalibus; nec tamen propter haec opera duo tam longe inter se vi et dignitate diversa duo dii esse compulsi sunt; sed unus Iuppiter propter illud Tigillus, propter illud Ruminus appellatus est. Nolo dicere, quod animalibus mammam praebere sugentibus magis Iunonem potuit decere quam Iovem, praesertim cum esset etiam diva Rumina, quae in hoc opus adiutorium illi famulatumue praeberet. Cogito enim posse responderi, et ipsam Iunonem nihil aliud esse quam Iovem, secundum illos Valerii Sorani versus, ubi dictum est: Iuppiter omnipotens regum rerumque deumque Progenitor genetrixque deum. Quare ergo dictus est et Ruminus, cum diligentius fortasse quaerentibus ipse inveniatur esse etiam illa diva Rumina? Si enim maiestate deorum recte videbatur indignum, ut in una spica alter ad curam geniculi, altera ad folliculi pertineret: quanto est indignius unam rem infimam, id est ut mammis alantur animalia, duorum deorum potestate curari, quorum sit unus Iuppiter, rex ipse cunctorum, et hoc agat non saltem cum coniuge sua, sed cum ignobili nescio qua Rumina, nisi quia ipse est etiam ipsa Rumina; Ruminus fortasse pro sugentibus maribus, Rumina pro feminis. Dicerem quippe noluisse illos Iovi femininum nomen inponere, nisi et in illis versibus "progenitor genetrixque" diceretur, et inter eius alia cognomina legerem, quod etiam Pecunia vocaretur, quam deam inter illos minuscularios invenimus et in quarto libro commemoravimus. Sed cum et mares et feminae habeant pecuniam, cur non et Pecunia et Pecunius appellatus sit, sicut Rumina et Ruminus, ipsi viderint.

     • 1963 translation by William M. Green

       The pagans have called Jupiter by the titles Victor, Invictus, Opitulus, Impulsor, Stator, Centumpeda, Supinalis, Tigillus, Almus, Ruminus, and still others which it would be tedious to enumerate. They have applied all these names to one god for various reasons and because of his various powers. But they have not, though there are so many functions, compelled him to become as many different gods. The functions are that he is victor over all, and invincible, and brings help to the needy, and has the power of impelling, of causing to stand, of stabilizing, and of laying flat; because he maintains and sustains the world like a beam; because he nourishes all things, and nourishes all animals by the breast (ruma). Among these functions, as we observe, some are important and some unimportant, yet one god is supposed to perform both kinds. In my judgement there is a closer relation between the causes of things and their beginnings, for which they would have one universe identical with two gods, Jupiter and Janus, than there is between maintaining the world and giving the breast to animals. However, there was no necessity for having two gods even for two tasks so different from each other in display of power and dignity; the one god Jupiter was called Tigillus for the one task and Ruminus for the other. I will not say that it would have been more appropriate for Juno than for Jupiter to furnish the breast to sucking animals, especially since there was also a goddess Rumina to furnish her help and service for this work. For I think the reply can be made that Juno herself is none other than Jupiter, according to these verses of Valerius Soranus, where it is said: 'Jupiter, mighty Father of kings and of gods and / of all things, / Mother as well of the gods . . .' Why then was he also called Ruminus, when, if perhaps we were to inquire more carefully, we might find that he is also identical with the goddess Rumina? If there was good reason for supposing it unsuitable to the dignity of the gods, in the case of one stalk of wheat, that one god should have the care of the knots, another that of the sheath, how much more unworthy is it that one low task, namely, to see that animals get nourishment from the breast, should require the power of two deities. One of them was Jupiter, himself king of all things, and he performed this task not along with his wife, but with some unknown Rumina. Unless he is himself Rumina—Ruminus perhaps for suckling males and Rumina for females. Of course I might say that they were unwilling to give Jupiter a woman’s name, except that it was said of him in those verses I quoted, “Father and Mother as well,” and except that among his other names I have read that he was also called Pecunia. I found this goddess among those petty gods, and have mentioned her in the fourth book. But since both males and females have money, why was Jupiter not called both Pecunia and Pecunius, as he is called Rumina and Ruminus? I leave the answer to them.

語形変化

First-declension noun, singular only.

派生語

• rū̆mī̆nalis

参照

• “Rumina”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “Rumina”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.