likeとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• enPR: līk, IPA: /laɪ̯k/
• (MLE, Jamaica) IPA: /læ̙ːk/, /lɑːk/
• (DE) IPA: /lɔɪ̯k/
• (Canada, Scotland) IPA: /lʌɪk/, [ləi̯k]
• 韻: -aɪk

語源 1

Verb from 中期英語 liken, from 古期英語 līcian (“to like, to please”), from Proto-West Germanic *līkēn, from Proto-Germanic *līkāną, from Proto-Indo-European *leyg- (“image; likeness; similarity”).

Cognate with Saterland Frisian liekje (“to be similar, resemble”), West Frisian lykje (“to seem, appear, look”), Dutch lijken (“to seem”), Low German lieken (“to be like; resemble”), German gleichen (“to resemble”), Swedish lika (“to like; put up with; align with”), Norwegian like (“to like”), Icelandic and Faroese líka (“to like”).

Noun from 中期英語 like (“pleasure, will, like”), from the verb 中期英語 liken (“to like”).

動詞

like (third-person singular simple present likes, present participle liking, simple past and past participle liked)

1. To enjoy, be pleased by; favor; be in favor of.

   Antonyms: dislike, hate, mislike, disapprove

   I like reading books.

   I very much like hamburgers.

   I like skiing in winter very much.

   I like the Seattle Mariners this season.

   I like it when you sing.

   • 1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], chapter 2, in An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC, book I, page 21:

     He may either go or stay, as he best likes.

   • 1865, Lewis Carroll, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, chapter 10:

     “I can tell you more than that, if you like,” said the Gryphon. “Do you know why it’s called a whiting?”

   • 1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter VIII, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:

     At her invitation he outlined for her the succeeding chapters with terse military accuracy ; and what she liked best and best understood was avoidance of that false modesty which condescends, turning technicality into pabulum.

   1. (transitive, archaic) To please (same meaning as above but with subject and object reversed).
      • 16th century, Sir Philip Sidney, The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia‎:

        I willingly confess that it likes me much better when I find virtue in a fair lodging than when I am bound to seek it in an ill-favoured creature.

      • 1608, William Shakespeare, King Lear, act 2, scene 2:

        His countenance likes me not.

   2. (obsolete) To derive pleasure [with of or by or with ‘from someone or something’].
      • 1662, Thomas Salusbury, Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Systems of the World, (Dialogue Two):

        And therefore it is the best way, if you like of it, to examine these taken from experiments touching the Earth, and then proceed to those of the other kind.

      • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 2:

        He used to drop into my chambers once in a while to smoke, and was first-rate company. When I gave a dinner there was generally a cover laid for him. I liked the man for his own sake, and even had he promised to turn out a celebrity it would have had no weight with me.

2. To prefer and maintain (an action) as a regular habit or activity.

   I like to go to the dentist every six months.

   She likes to keep herself physically fit.

   We like to keep one around the office just in case.

   • 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)‎:

     People in Washington like to work out!

3. To find attractive; to prefer the company of; to have mild romantic feelings for.

   Synonyms: (British) fancy, enjoy, love

   Antonyms: dislike, hate, mislike

   I really like Sandra but don't know how to tell her.

   • 2016 December 19, Moe! Ninja Girls, Japan: NTT Solmare, iOS, Android, scene: Season 1, Enju Ending:

     ― Enju: “Apparently when you like someone, you start talking like them.”

4. (with 'would' and in certain other phrases) To want, desire. See also would like.

   Would you like a cigarette?

   We could go to the museum if you like.

   May I leave now? ~ If you like.

   I don't like to disturb him when he's working.

5. (Internet, social media, transitive) To show support for, or approval of, something posted on the Internet by marking it with a vote.

   Antonyms: unlike, dislike

   Coordinate terms: heart, love

   I liked my friend's last status on Facebook.

   I can't stand Bloggs' tomato ketchup, but I liked it on Facebook so I could enter a competition.

   • 2021, Adam McKay, Don't Look Up, spoken by Jason Orlean (Jonah Hill):

     What' up, y'all? I'm the last man on Earth. Shit's all fucked up. Don't forget to like and subscribe. We out here.

6. Of inanimate objects:
   1. (informal, personification) To be prone to.

      Too bad this cheese likes to stick to the pan and ruin the whole meal.

   2. (informal, chiefly in the negative) Of a computer or other system: to tolerate as an input; to accept.

      This self-service checkout doesn't seem to like my credit card.

      We were frustrated that our seeming innocent choice for a team name was rejected by the game. Apparently somewhere in the name is a word that the algorithm doesn’t like.

      email delivery failed: remote host does not like recipient

7. (archaic) To come near; to avoid with difficulty; to escape narrowly.

   He liked to have been too late.

   • 1760, Horace Walpole, The Letters of Horace Walpole: Fourth Earl of Oxford‎, to George Montagu:

     He probably got his death, as he liked to have done two years ago, by viewing the troops for the expedition from the wall of Kensington Garden.

8. (obsolete) To have an appearance or expression; to look; to seem to be (in a specified condition).
   • c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:

     You like well, and bear your years very well.

9. (obsolete) To liken; to compare.
   • 1590s, William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part 1, act 4, scene 6:

     And like me to the peasant boys of France.

使用する際の注意点

• In its senses of “enjoy” and “maintain as a regular habit”, like is a catenative verb; in the former, it usually takes a gerund (-ing form), while in the latter, it takes a to-infinitive. See also Appendix:English catenative verbs.
• Like is only used to mean “want” in certain expressions, such as if you like and would like. The conditional form, would like, is used quite freely as a polite synonym for want.

Conjugation

派生語

派生した語

• Jersey Dutch: lāike

名詞

like (plural likes)

1. (chiefly in the plural) Something that a person likes (prefers).

   Synonyms: favorite, preference

   Antonyms: dislike, pet hate, pet peeve

   Tell me your likes and dislikes.

2. (Internet) An individual vote showing support for, approval of, or enjoyment of, something posted on the Internet.
   • 2016, Brooke Warner, Green-Light Your Book:

     Social media is supervisual, and there's nothing more shareable than images, so this is a way to increase shares and likes and follows.

   • 2019, “Balenciaga”, performed by Princess Nokia:

     Dress for myself, I don't dress for hype / I dress for myself, you dress for the likes

   • 2020 January 17, Amy Chozick, “This Is the Guy Who’s Taking Away the Likes”, in New York Times‎:

     Likes are the social media currency undergirding an entire influencer economy, inspiring a million Kardashian wannabes and giving many of us regular people daily endorphin hits.

派生語

• like farm

派生した語

• → Russian: лайк (lajk)
• → Ukrainian: лайк (lajk)
• → Spanish: like, likear

参照

• like on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

語源 2

Adjective from 中期英語 lik, lyk, lich, like, from 古期英語 ġelīċ by shortening, influenced by Old Norse líkr, glíkr; both from Proto-Germanic *galīkaz (“like, similar, same”). Related to alike; more distantly, with lich and -ly. Cognate with West Frisian like (“like; as”), Saterland Frisian gliek (“like”), Danish lig (“alike”), Dutch gelijk (“like, alike”), German gleich (“equal, like”), Icelandic líkur (“alike, like, similar”), Norwegian lik (“like, alike”) Swedish lik (“like, similar”)

Adverb from 中期英語 like, lyke, liche, lyche, from 古期英語 ġelīċe (“likewise, also, as, in like manner, similarly”) and Old Norse líka (“also, likewise”); both from Proto-Germanic *galīkê, from Proto-Germanic *galīkaz (“same, like, similar”).

Conjunction from 中期英語 like, lyke, lik, lyk, from the adverb 中期英語 like.

Preposition from 中期英語 like, lyke, liche, lyche, lijc, liih (“similar to, like, equal to, comparable with”), from 中期英語 like (adjective) and like (adverb).

形容詞

like (comparative more like, superlative most like)

1. Similar.

   My partner and I have like minds.

   The two cats were as like as though they had come from the same litter.

   • 1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:

     It will seem strange that in all this time the Presbytery was idle, and no effort was made to rid the place of so fell an influence. But there was a reason, and the reason, as in most like cases, was a lassie.

   • 1843 April, Thomas Carlyle, “ch. 3, Landlord Edmund”, in Past and Present, American edition, Boston, Mass.: Charles C[offin] Little and James Brown, published 1843, →OCLC, book II (The Ancient Monk):

     […] and this is not a sky, it is a Soul and living Face! Nothing liker the Temple of the Highest, bright with some real effulgence of the Highest, is seen in this world.

   • 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

     I opened the man's linen robe, and there over his heart was a dagger-wound, and beneath the woman's fair breast was a like cruel stab, through which her life had ebbed away.

2. (archaic or Scotland, Southern US) Likely; probable.
   • 1668, Robert South, The Messiah's Sufferings for the Sins of the People (sermon, March 20, 1668)

     But it is like the jolly world about us will scoff at the paradox of these practices.

   • (Can we date this quote?), Edward [Hyde, 1st] Earl of Clarendon, (please specify |book=I to XVI), in The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, Begun in the Year 1641, Oxford: The Theater:

     Many were […] not easy to be govern'd, nor like to conform themselves to such strict rules.

   • 1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “A Great Storm Described, the Long-Boat Sent to Fetch Water, the Author Goes with It to Discover the Country. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume I, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part II (A Voyage to Brobdingnag), page 151:

     Finding it was like to overblow, we took in our Sprit-ſail, and ſtood by to hand the Fore-ſail; but making foul Weather, we look'd the Guns were all faſt, and handed the Miſſen.

   • 1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:

     She had waited overlong, and now it was like that Ailie would escape her toils.

3. (Scotland, Southern US, otherwise archaic, usually with to) inclined (to), prone (to).

   He seems like to run from any semblance of hard work.

   • 1920 [1843], Charles Dickens, “Stave three: The second of the three spirits”, in A Christmas Carol, Boston: Atlantic Monthly Press, page 96:

     "If these shadows remain unaltered by the Future, none other of my race," returned the Ghost, "will find him here. What then? If he be like to die, he had better do it, and decrease the surplus population."

     Scrooge hung his head to hear his own words quoted by the Spirit, and was overcome with penitence and grief.

派生語

副詞

like (comparative more like, superlative most like)

1. (obsolete, colloquial) Likely.
   • 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii]:

     DON PEDRO. May be she doth but counterfeit.
     CLAUDIO. Faith, like enough.

     Indeed, quite likely.

2. (archaic or rare) In a like or similar manner.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 103:13:

     Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth them that fear him.

名詞

like (countable and uncountable, plural likes)

1. (sometimes as the likes of) Someone similar to a given person, or something similar to a given object; a comparative; a type; a sort.

   There were bowls full of sweets, chocolates and the like.

   This is something the likes of which I've never seen before, and we should compare like with like instead.

   • 1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

     "Such things do happen and centre round the wicked medium. You can get down into a region which is akin to the popular idea of witchcraft, it is dishonest to deny it." "Like attracts like," explained Mrs. Mailey[.]

   • 1935, Winston Churchill on T.E. Lawrence

     We shall never see his like again.

   • 1945 August 6, Harry S. Truman, 01:49 from the start, in VT2008-9-2 President Truman Announces Bombing of Hiroshima‎, Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum, National Archives Identifier: 23630, archived from the original on 02 November 2021:

     It was to spare the Japanese people from utter destruction that the ultimatum of July the 26th was issued at Potsdam. Their leaders promptly rejected that ultimatum. If they do not now accept our terms, they may expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this Earth.

   • 1982, Douglas Adams, Life, the Universe and Everything, page 93:

     In fact it would be fair to say that he had reached a level of annoyance the like of which had never been seen in the Universe.

   • 2024 October 30, Andy Comfort, “Can the Royal Mail trains keep on running?”, in RAIL, number 1021, page 61:

     The manifesto talks of safeguards to ensure that freight operators receive fair access to the network. These may be reassuring words for the likes of DB Cargo, but the devil will be in the detail and freight operators will no doubt be pressing for that detail to include cheaper electricity and access charges.

2. (golf) The stroke that equalizes the number of strokes played by the opposing player or side.

   to play the like

同意語

• ilk

反意語

• antithesis, opposite

派生語

• and the like
• like-for-like
• likeless

接続詞

like

See Usage notes below.

1. (colloquial) As, the way.
   • 1966, Advertising slogan for Winston cigarettes

     Winston tastes good like a cigarette should

   • 1978, Bob Dylan, Do Unto Others:

     But if you do right to me, baby
     I’ll do right to you, too
     Ya got to do unto others
     Like you’d have them, like you’d have them, do unto you

2. (usually colloquial) As if; as though; such as.

   It looks like you've finished the project.

   It seemed like you didn't care.

   Why don’t we do something useful like clean the kitchen?

   • 1981 February 14, Andrea Loewenstein, “Voices in the Night”, in Gay Community News, volume 8, number 29, page 8:

     A too skinny white girl, dressed like some kind of teen-ager although she had to be thirty, with one of those fake white-girl smiles stuck on her face like with scotch tape.

使用する際の注意点

• The American Heritage Dictionary opines that using like as a conjunction, instead of as, the way, as if, or as though, is strictly informal; it has, however, been routine since the Middle English period. AHD4 says, "Writers since Chaucer's time have used like as a conjunction, but 19th-century and 20th-century critics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse", and recommends using as in formal speech and writing. The Oxford English Dictionary does not tag it as colloquial or nonstandard, but notes, "Used as conj[unction]: = 'like as', 'as'. Now generally condemned as vulgar or slovenly, though examples may be found in many recent writers of standing."

派生語

See Category:English similes.

前置詞

like

1. Similar to, reminiscent of.

   Folk like that I just can’t brook.

   I’m very like my father.

   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

     Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines.

   • 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

     Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path […]. It twisted and turned, […] and opened out into a big clear space like a lawn. And, back of the lawn, was a big, old-fashioned house, with piazzas stretching in front of it, and all blazing with lights. 'Twas the house I'd seen the roof of from the beach.

   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter X, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

     It was a joy to snatch some brief respite, and find himself in the rectory drawing–room. Listening here was as pleasant as talking; just to watch was pleasant. The young priests who lived here wore cassocks and birettas; their faces were fine and mild, yet really strong, like the rector's face; and in their intercourse with him and his wife they seemed to be brothers.

   • 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:

     She was like a Beardsley Salome, he had said. And indeed she had the narrow eyes and the high cheekbone of that creature, and as nearly the sinuosity as is compatible with human symmetry.

   • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 19, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

     When Timothy and Julia hurried up the staircase to the bedroom floor, where a considerable commotion was taking place, Tim took Barry Leach with him. […]. The captive made no resistance and came not only quietly but in a series of eager little rushes like a timid dog on a choke chain.

   • 2013 June 7, David Simpson, “Fantasy of navigation”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 36:

     Like most human activities, ballooning has sponsored heroes and hucksters and a good deal in between. For every dedicated scientist patiently recording atmospheric pressure and wind speed while shivering at high altitudes, there is a carnival barker with a bevy of pretty girls willing to dangle from a basket or parachute down to earth.

2. Typical of.

   It would be just like Achilles to be sulking in his tent.

3. Approximating.

   Popcorn costs something like 10 dollars at the movies.

4. In the manner of, similarly to.

   He doesn't act like a president.

5. Such as.

   It's for websites like Wikipedia.

6. As if there would be.

   It looks like a hot summer in Europe.

7. Used to ask for a description or opinion of someone or something.

   I hear she has a new boyfriend. What's he like?

   What’s the weather like in Ürümqi today?