CARMENとは 意味・読み方・使い方

アナグラム

• mancer, McNear, Camren, -mancer

語源 1

According to Varro its earlier form was *casmen. From Proto-Indo-European *ḱens- (“to speak in a florid, solemn style, attest, witness”). Cognate to Sanskrit शस्मन् (śásman, “hymn, laud, invocation, eulogy, recited verse”). Further cognate to Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽 (hazjan, “to praise”), 古期英語 herian (“to praise, extol, commend”). See Camēna, Casmēna. Compare Latin Casmenae. (Can this etymology be sourced?)

Sometimes referred to Proto-Italic *kanmen, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂nmn̥, from *keh₂n- (“to sing”) (whence canō (“I sing, chant”)), as with germen for *genmen.

名詞

carmen n (genitive carminis); third declension

1. (usually poetic) song, tune
2. a composition in verse, a poem; poetry, verse, song
   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 3.833–834:

     mīlle dea est operum: certē dea carminis illa est;
     sī mereor, studiīs adsit amīca meīs

     She is the goddess of a thousand crafts: Certainly she is the goddess of song;
     if I am deserving, may she be present, as a friend to my endeavors.
     (Ovid concludes 26 lines honoring the festival of Minerva with his own prayer to the goddess; see also Athena.)

3. poem, poetry (strictly any poem or poetry that can be sung), verse (esp. lyric or epic verse)
4. incantation, charm, spell
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.487–488:

     “Haec sē carminibus prōmittit solvere mentēs
     quās velit, ast aliīs dūrās immittere cūrās, [...].”

     “[This enchantress] vows by her spells to loosen the hearts of those she wills, but to inflict harsh cares upon others, [...].”

5. play, playing (of music)

   Synonym: cantiō

   Carmina Burana ― Songs of Beuern

6. prayer (refers to prayers being composed in verse)
7. formula (refers to the formula of verse found in ancient prayers or magical spells)
8. (prosaic) oracle (infrequent but used to refer to the poetic form in which prophecies were spoken)
9. ritual (involving verse)

使用する際の注意点

The difference between carmen and cantus when signifying "song" is that carmen is used more frequently in poetry, whereas cantus is used more frequently in prose.

語形変化

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

派生語

• Carmentis/Carmenta
• carminō

派生した語

• Franco-Provençal: charmen
• French: charme
  • → English: charm
  • Basque: xarma
• Italian: carme
• Portuguese: carme
• Sicilian: carminu
• Spanish: carmen

語源 2

From Proto-Indo-European *kr̥s-mn̥, from *(s)kers- (“to scratch”) + *-mn̥. Cognate with Lithuanian kar̃šti (“to comb (wool or linen)”), Latvian kā̀rst (“to comb (wool or linen)”), Old High German skerran (“to scratch”), Sanskrit कषति (káṣati, “to scrape, scratch”). Equivalent to car(r)ō (“to card (wool)”) +‎ -men.

名詞

carmen n (genitive carminis); third declension

1. card for flax or wool

語形変化

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

派生語

• carminō

参照

Further reading

• “carmen”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “carmen”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "carmen", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “carmen”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • epic poetry: carmen epicum
    
  • to recite a poem, line with appropriate action: carmen, versum agere
    
  • to read a piece of verse with expression: carmen recitare
    
  • to recite a piece of verse (without gestures): carmen pronuntiare
    
  • a rough poem; an extempore effusion: carmen inconditum
    
  • a choric ode in a tragedy: carmen chori, canticum
    
  • to read prayers for the congregation to repeat: praeire verba (carmen) (Liv. 31. 17)
    
  • (ambiguous) to write poetry with facility: carmina , versus fundere (De Or. 3. 50)
    
• “carmen”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• carmen in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016

アナグラム

• carnem