Ebbとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• enPR: ĕb, IPA: /ɛb/
• 韻: -ɛb

語源 1

From 中期英語 ebbe, from 古期英語 ebba (“ebb, tide”), from Proto-West Germanic *abbjā, from Proto-Germanic *abjô, *abjǭ, from Proto-Germanic *ab (“off, away”), from Proto-Indo-European *apó.

See also West Frisian ebbe, Dutch eb, German Ebbe, Danish ebbe, Old Norse efja (“countercurrent”), 古期英語 af. More at of, off.

名詞

ebb (plural ebbs)

1. The receding movement of the tide.

   The boats will go out on the ebb.

   • 1824, Mary Shelley, Time:

     Thou shoreless flood which in thy ebb and flow / Claspest the limits of morality!

   • 1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:

     Men come from distant parts to admire the tides of Solway, which race in at flood and retreat at ebb with a greater speed than a horse can follow.

2. A gradual decline.
   • 1684, Wentworth Dillon, 4th Earl of Roscommon, Essay on Translated Verse:

     Thus all the treasure of our flowing years, / Our ebb of life for ever takes away.

   • 1826, [Mary Shelley], The Last Man. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC:

     This reflection thawed my congealing blood, and again the tide of life and love flowed impetuously onward, again to ebb as my busy thoughts changed.

   • 2012, James Howard Kunstler, Too Much Magic, page 74:

     Industrialism hasn’t been an abiding set of activities in any particular place but rather a dynamic cycle, of takeoff, peak, and ebb.

3. (especially in the phrase 'at a low ebb') A low state; a state of depression.
   • 1695, C[harles] A[lphonse] du Fresnoy, translated by John Dryden, De Arte Graphica. The Art of Painting, […], London: […] J[ohn] Heptinstall for W. Rogers, […], →OCLC:

     Painting was then at its lowest ebb.

   • 2002, Joyce Carol Oates, The New Yorker, 22 & 29 April

     A "lowest ebb" implies something singular and finite, but for many of us, born in the Depression and raised by parents distrustful of fortune, an "ebb" might easily have lasted for years.

   • 2020 July 29, Dr Joseph Brennan, “Railways that reach out over the waves”, in Rail, page 51:

     The 1987 book British Piers was written at a time when Britain's seaside resorts were perhaps at their lowest ebb, with a groundswell of support for rejuvenation and conservation just beginning.

4. A European bunting, the corn bunting (Emberiza calandra, syns. Emberiza miliaria, Milaria calandra).

反意語

• flood
• flow

派生語

関連する語

• neap
• tide

形容詞

ebb (comparative ebber, superlative ebbest)

1. low, shallow
   • 1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “(please specify |book=I to XXXVII)”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], (please specify |tome=1 or 2), London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC:

     All the sea lying betweene, is verie ebbe, full of shallowes and shelves

語源 2

From 中期英語 ebben, from 古期英語 ebbian, from Proto-West Germanic *abbjōn (“to ebb”).

動詞

ebb (third-person singular simple present ebbs, present participle ebbing, simple past and past participle ebbed)

1. (intransitive) to flow back or recede

   Synonyms: go out, go down

   The tides ebbed at noon.

2. (intransitive) to fall away or decline

   The dying man's strength ebbed away.

3. (intransitive) to fish with stakes and nets that serve to prevent the fish from getting back into the sea with the ebb
4. (transitive) To cause to flow back.
   • 1977 August 20, Robin Nicholson, quotee, “7 Arrested in Undercover Raid on P'town Bar”, in Gay Community News, volume 5, number 7, page 1:

     Parts of this town do not want a big influx of gay people and are trying to ebb it.

同意語

• (intransitive senses): ebb away, ebb down, ebb off, ebb out, reflux, wane

派生語

アナグラム

• BBE