over-runとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From over- +‎ run.

発音

• Verb:
  • (英国発音) IPA: /ˌəʊ.vəˈɹʌn/
  • (米国発音) IPA: /ˌoʊ.vɚˈɹʌn/
• Noun:
  • (英国発音) IPA: /ˈəʊ.vəˌɹʌn/
  • (米国発音) IPA: /ˈoʊ.vɚˌɹʌn/

動詞

overrun (third-person singular simple present overruns, present participle overrunning, simple past overran, past participle overrun)

1. (transitive) To defeat an enemy and invade in great numbers, seizing the enemy positions conclusively.
2. (transitive) To infest, swarm over, flow over.

   The vine overran its trellis; the field is overrun with weeds.

   • 1596 (date written; published 1633), Edmund Spenser, A Vewe of the Present State of Irelande […], Dublin: […] Societie of Stationers, […], →OCLC; republished as A View of the State of Ireland […] (Ancient Irish Histories), Dublin: […] Society of Stationers, […] Hibernia Press, […] [b]y John Morrison, 1809, →OCLC:

     those barbarous nations that over-ran the world

   • 2012 November 7, Matt Bai, “Winning a Second Term, Obama Will Confront Familiar Headwinds”, in New York Times‎:

     As President Obama turns his attention once again to filling out a cabinet and writing an Inaugural Address, this much is clear: he should not expect to bask in a surge of national unity, or to witness a crowd of millions overrun the Mall just to say they were there.

3. (transitive) To run past; to run beyond.

   The athlete overran the finish line and kept going.

   One line overruns another in length.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Samuel 18:23:

     Ahimaaz ran by the way of the plain, and overran Cushi.

   • 1961 March, “Talking of trains”, in Trains Illustrated, page 138:

     The collision occurred when an up empty electric train travelling on the up main through line overran the inner home signal and rammed the side of the departing 6.14 p.m. Waterloo-Weymouth steam train, which was leaving platform 12 for the down main through line.

   1. (transitive) To run past the end of.

      The aircraft didn't stop in time and overran the runway.

4. (intransitive) To continue for too long.

   The performance overran by ten minutes, which caused some people to miss their bus home.

5. (printing) To carry (some type, a line or column, etc.) backward or forward into an adjacent line or page.
6. (transitive) To go beyond; to extend in part beyond.

   In machinery, a sliding piece is said to overrun its bearing when its forward end goes beyond it.

   • 2024 June 9, maia arson crimew, “israeli national police found trying to purchase stalkerware”, in maia blog‎:

     all of these services, including mSpy, function with the same kind of predatory subscription scheme, luring you in with free trials that autorenew as abhorrently expensive monthly or yearly subscriptions. canceling the service requires reaching out to support, so users are typically unable to avoid overrunning the trial.

7. (transitive) To abuse or oppress, as if by treading upon.
   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 9:

     None of them the feeble overren.

派生語

名詞

overrun (countable and uncountable, plural overruns)

1. An instance of overrunning.
   • 2013 June 18, Simon Romero, “Protests Widen as Brazilians Chide Leaders”, in New York Times‎:

     Some of the stadiums being built for the World Cup soccer tournament, scheduled for next year, have also been criticized for delays and cost overruns, and have become subjects of derision as protesters question whether they will become white elephants.

   • December 13 2021, Molly Ball, Jeffrey Kluger, Alejandro de la Garza, “Elon Musk: Person of the Year 2021”, in Time Magazine‎, archived from the original on 13 December 2021:

     Tesla’s first decade was plagued by unmet deadlines, technical snafus and cost overruns.

2. The amount by which something overruns.

   At least this year's overrun isn't as unmanageable as last year!

3. (aviation) An area of terrain beyond the end of a runway that is kept flat and unobstructed to allow an aircraft that runs off the end of the runway to stop safely.

   The runway has 7,000 feet of paved surface, plus a 2,000-foot grass overrun.

4. (food) Air that is whipped into a frozen dessert to make it easier to serve and eat.
   • 2004, Wayne Gisslen, Professional Baking, page 497:

     If ice cream has too much overrun, it will be airy and foamy and will lack flavor.

同意語

(area beyond a runway end):

• runway safety area
• stopway

派生語

アナグラム

• run over, runover