quidniとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

quid (“what, why”) +‎ nī (“unless, if not”), i.e. "what else if not?", "how else?". Compare Russian как же (не) (kak že (ne), “what else (if not)?, of course”) and а как же (a kak že).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈkʷid ˈniː/, [ˈkʷɪd̪ ˈniː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈkwid ˈni/, [ˈkwid̪ ˈniː]

副詞

quid nī? (not comparable)

1. (with subjunctive, in rhetorical questions) why wouldn't one?, what else if not?, how ... not?, i.e. naturally, of course, sure one would
   1. (in tmesis)

      Quid egō nī ita cēnseam? ― Naturally I think so.

      Quid egō nī fleam! ― How couldn't I cry!

      • 160 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Adelphoe 651:

        – Obsecrō, nōn? an illam hinc abdūcet, pater?
        – Quid illam nī abdūcat.

        • Translation by John Barsby

          – No, for goodness’ sake? Is he going to take her away, father?
          – Of course he is.

      • c. 191 BCE, Plautus, Pseudolus 651:

        – Omnem rem tenēs?
        – Quid ego nī teneam?

        – You understand the whole affair?
        – What's there to not understand?

   2. (spelled together)

      Quidnī, inquit, meminerim. ― "No doubt", says he, "I remember."

      Quidnī possim? ― Sure I can.

      Quidnī nōn possit! ― Of course it can't.

      • 161 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Phormio 813:

        – Hanc igitur mittimus? – Quidnī? – Illa maneat? – Sīc.

        – So we let this one go? – You bet. – And that one can stay? – Yep.

      • 163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos 907:

        – Hem, Clīnia haec fierī vidēbat?
        – Quidnī? Mēcum ūnā simul.

        – Well, did Clinia see all this going on?
        – What do you think? Him and me both.

      • c. 35 CE – 100 CE, Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 2.5.26:

        […] quidnī libenter nōn concesserim modo, vērum etiam contenderim.

        • Translation by Donald A. Russell

          I am of course happy to admit—indeed, I should positively contend that […]

使用する際の注意点

• A sentence clitic (unstressed word) can intervene between the two parts, called tmesis.
• Otherwise normally spelled together.
• Only used in rhetorical questions, whereas cūr nōn (“why not”) expects an answer.
• Is not used in suggestions or commands, for which see quīn (“how about?”).
• Whether to punctuate (and translate) this as a question, an exclamation or a statement is arbitrary.

参考

• quippe
• quippinī (“emphatic form of quidnī”)
• nīmīrum