tollとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA: /təʊl/, /tɒl/
  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA: [t(ʰ)əʊ̯ɫ], [t(ʰ)ɒɫ]
  • (Standard Southern British) IPA: [tʰɔwɫ], [tʰɔɫ]
  • (Canada) IPA: [t(ʰ)oːɫ], [t(ʰ)ɔ(ː)ɫ]
  • (米国発音) IPA: [tʰo(ʊ̯)ɫ], [tʰɑ(ː)ɫ]
• 韻: -əʊl
• Homophone: tole

語源 1

From 中期英語 toll, tol, tolle, from 古期英語 toll m or n and toln f (“toll, duty, custom”), from Proto-West Germanic *toll, *tolnu, from Proto-Germanic *tullaz, *tullō (“that which is counted or told, reckoning”), from Proto-Indo-European *del- (“calculation, fraud”).

Cognate with Saterland Frisian Tol (“toll”), Dutch tol (“toll”), German Zoll (“toll, duty, customs”), Danish told (“toll, duty, tariff”), Swedish tull (“toll, customs”), Icelandic tollur (“toll, customs”). More at tell, tale.

Alternate etymology derives 古期英語 toll from Medieval Latin tolōneum, tolōnium, alteration (due to the Germanic forms above) of Latin telōneum, from Ancient Greek τελώνιον (telṓnion, “toll-house”), from τέλος (télos, “tax”).

名詞

toll (plural tolls)

1. A fee paid for some liberty or privilege, particularly for the privilege of passing over a bridge or on a highway, or for that of vending goods in a fair, market, etc.
   • 1957 October, M. D. Greville and G. O. Holt, “Railway Development in Manchester—2”, in Railway Magazine, page 726:

     Meanwhile, the tolls dispute had gone to the courts, and the E.L.R. was completely successful when, in 1856, the House of Lords awarded it the sum of £30,000 against the L.Y.R. for tolls overcharged.

2. Loss or damage incurred through a disaster.

   The war has taken its toll on the people.

3. A fee paid by the owner of materials or other goods for processing such goods, as under a tolling agreement.

   toll ore refining; toll manufacturing

4. (business, by extension) A fee for using any kind of material processing service.

   We can handle on a toll basis your needs for spray drying, repackaging, crushing and grinding, and dry blending.

5. (US) A tollbooth.

   We will be replacing some manned tolls with high-speed device readers.

6. (UK, law, obsolete) A liberty to buy and sell within the bounds of a manor.
7. (obsolete, regional England) A portion of grain taken by a miller as a compensation for grinding.

派生語

動詞

toll (third-person singular simple present tolls, present participle tolling, simple past and past participle tolled)

1. (transitive) To impose a fee for the use of.

   Once more it is proposed to toll the East River bridges.

2. (ambitransitive) To levy a toll on (someone or something).
   • c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

     No Italian priest
     Shall tithe or toll in our dominions.

3. (transitive) To take as a toll.
4. To pay a toll or tallage.
   • c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:

     I will buy me a sonne in Law in a faire, and toule for this. Ile none of him.

派生した語

• → Bulgarian: тол (tol)

参照

語源 2

Probably the same as Etymology 3. Possibly related to or influenced by toil

名詞

toll (plural tolls)

1. The act or sound of ringing a bell, especially slowly, as with a church or cemetery bell.

動詞

toll (third-person singular simple present tolls, present participle tolling, simple past and past participle tolled)

1. (ergative) To ring (a bell) slowly and repeatedly.

   Martin tolled the great bell every day.

   Ask not for whom the bell tolls.

   • 1922 February, James Joyce, “[[Episode 12: The Cyclops]]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

     From the belfries far and near the funereal deathbell tolled unceasingly while all around the gloomy precincts rolled the ominous warning of a hundred muffled drums punctuated by the hollow booming of pieces of ordnance.

2. (transitive) To summon by ringing a bell.

   The ringer tolled the workers back from the fields for vespers.

   • 1697, Virgil, “The Fourth Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

     When hollow murmurs of their evening bells
     Dismiss the sleepy swains, and toll them to their cells.

3. (transitive) To announce by ringing a bell.

   The bells tolled the King’s death.

   • 1771, James Beattie, The Minstrel; or, The Progress of Genius. A Poem. Book the First, London: […] E[dward] & C[harles] Dilly, […]; Edinburgh: A[lexander] Kincaid and W[illiam] Creech; and J[ohn] Bell, […], →OCLC, stanza XLI, page 21:

     Slow tolls the village-clock the drowſy hour;
     The partridge burſts away on whirring wings;
     Deep mourns the turtle in ſequeſter'd bower,
     And ſhrill lark carols clear from her aereal tour.

4. (figuratively) To make a sound as if made by a bell.
   • 1961 November 10, Joseph Heller, “Chief White Halfoat”, in Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC, page 213:

     The chaplain's first mention of the name Yossarian! had tolled deep in his memory like a portentous gong.

派生語

• toller

使用する際の注意点

A tolling bell refers to a slow sound, as at a funeral, while the tocsin refers to a fast sound, as in alarm.

語源 3

From 中期英語 tolen, tollen, variation of tullen, tillen (“to draw, allure, entice”), from 古期英語 *tyllan, *tillan (“to pull, draw, attract”) (found in compounds fortyllan (“to seduce, lead astray, draw away from the mark, deceive”) and betyllan, betillan (“to lure, decoy”)), related to Old Frisian tilla (“to lift, raise”), Dutch tillen (“to lift, raise, weigh, buy”), Low German tillen (“to lift, remove”), Swedish dialectal tille (“to take up, appropriate”).

別の表記

• tole, toal

動詞

toll (third-person singular simple present tolls, present participle tolling, simple past and past participle tolled)

1. (transitive, obsolete) To draw; pull; tug; drag.
2. (transitive) To tear in pieces.
3. (transitive) To draw; entice; invite; allure.

   Hou many virgins shal she tolle and drawe to þe Lord - "Life of Our Lady"

4. (transitive) To lure with bait; tole (especially, fish and animals).

同意語

• (to lure animals): bait, lure

語源 4

From Latin tollō (“to lift up”).

動詞

toll (third-person singular simple present tolls, present participle tolling, simple past and past participle tolled)

1. (law, obsolete) To take away; to vacate; to annul.
2. (law) To suspend.

   The statute of limitations defense was tolled as a result of the defendant’s wrongful conduct.

語源 5

動詞

toll

1. (African-American Vernacular) simple past and past participle of tell

   I done toll you for the last time.

参照

• “toll”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “toll”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

参考

• toll gene, toll-like (etymologically unrelated to the above)

発音

• IPA: /toll/, [toɫ]

名詞

toll n or m

1. tax, toll, fare

語形変化

Strong a-stem:

It also appears as masculine: Strong a-stem:

派生語

• sċiptoll
• tollere

派生した語

• Middle English: toll
  • English: toll
  • Scots: towl

別の表記

• tol, tolle, thol, toale, theol

発音

• IPA: /tɔl/, /tɔːl/

名詞

toll (plural tolles)

1. A toll, tax, or charge.
2. The privilege to levy fees or charges.
3. A waiver from any fees or charges.
4. (rare) taxation, payment.
5. (rare) An edge, point of difference

関連する語

• tolboth
• tollen
• toller
• tolsey
• tollynge

派生した語

• English: toll
• → Middle Welsh: toll
  • Welsh: toll
• Scots: towl

参照

• “tol, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 3 May 2018.

語源 2

動詞

toll

1. alternative form of tollen (“to bring”)