counterdirectionalとは 意味・読み方・使い方

形容詞

counterdirectional (comparative more counterdirectional, superlative most counterdirectional)

1. Of or related to the opposite direction.

   Antonym: codirectional

   • 1930, Wilhelm Pleines, Riveting in Metal Airplane Construction (Technical Memorandums, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics; 596), page 38:

     When set in motion the floating frame assumes a definite counterdirectional motion, imparted by the unbalanced forces.

   • 2003, Karin Pittner, “Process, eventuality, and wieder/again”, in Ewald Lang; Claudia Maienborn; Cathrine Fabricius-Hansen, editors, Modifying Adjuncts, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 385:

     There is a close connection between the counterdirectional meaning and the restitutive meaning: a counterdirectional movement leads one back to a place, or rather, many places where one was earlier.

   • 2018, Winnie Chor, Directional Particles in Cantonese: Form, function, and grammaticalization, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 17:

     Givón can be credited with initiating the theoretical discussion of unidirectionality as it is allegedly argued in his 1975 work that counterdirectional change is simply not attested (Chao 1968b: 96).

   • 2020, Veronika Hegedűs, “Back to restitutives (again): A syntactic account of restitutive and counterdirectional verbal particles in Hungarian”, in Acta Linguistica Academica, volume 67, number 3, DOI:10.1556/2062.2020.00017, page 320:

     Verbal particles are not structurally uniform; the restitutive újra ‘again’ and the counterdirectional vissza ‘back’ are inserted into the structure in different places, lending further support to previous assumptions that some verbal particles are not secondary predicates introducing their own subject but are predicate modifiers.

   • 2022, Rahima Ziane; Alain Camasses; Marta Radman-Livaja, “The asymmetric distribution of RNA polymerase II and nucleosomes on replicated daughter genomes is caused by differences in replication timing between the lagging and the leading strand”, in Genome Research, DOI:10.1101/gr.275387.121:

     We consequently predicted that the leading copy will be more transcribed than the lagging copy when transcription and replication are codirectional, while the lagging copy will be more expressed when they are counterdirectional.