cunctusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Uncertain. Proposals include:

• From concitus by syncope per Pokorny (1959), accepted by De Vaan (2008) with some reservations. Ernout and Meillet (1985) reject this etymology, and also reject the ancient etymology from co(n)iūnctus.
• According to Sihler (1995), from Proto-Indo-European *ponkʷ-u- (“whole, entire”), which he reconstructs as the ancestor also of Hittite 𒉺𒀭𒆪𒍑 (/⁠pa-an-ku-uš⁠/, “whole, entire; senate”) and Hittite [script needed] (pa-an-kur, “family, relations”), as well as the middle part of Ancient Greek ἅπαξ (hápax, “singly”). The Latin form would then show the same /p – kʷ > kʷ – kʷ/ assimilation as in quīnque. De Vaan rejects this etymology, saying that the Hittite term cannot be cognate with Latin cū̆nctus due to the genitive singular form 𒉺𒀭𒅗𒉿𒀸 (/⁠pa-an-ka-wa-aš⁠/), and that it is more likely related to Sanskrit बहु (bahu).
• From Proto-Indo-European *ponkʷ-to- (“whole, entire”), from *pénkʷe (“whole hand; five (fingers)”). In this case cognate to Sanskrit पञ्च (pañca, “spread out”), Sanskrit प्रपञ्चन (prapañcana, “copiousness”).
• Ancient etymologists explained it as a contraction of *cōiūnctus, making it a doublet of coniūnctus (“conjoined, connected”); this is today rejected.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈkuːnk.tus/, [ˈkuːŋkt̪ʊs̠] or IPA: /ˈkunk.tus/, [ˈkʊŋkt̪ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈkunk.tus/, [ˈkuŋkt̪us]

Note: the length of the root vowel is uncertain; length is regular before /nkt/, but a short vowel is conceivable if the word was formed by syncope, and if this postdates the regular lengthening. Compare the same uncertainity in the unrelated verb cū̆nctor, likely influenced by the adjective via false-etymological derivation or vice versa.

形容詞

cū̆nctus (feminine cū̆ncta, neuter cū̆nctum); first/second-declension adjective

1. collectively, all together; the whole, entire

   Synonyms: (in the plural) omnis, (in the singular) tōtus

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.518:

     cūnctīs nam lēctī nāvibus ībant

     for chosen men from all the ships went forth

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

参照

Further reading

• “cunctus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “cunctus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "cunctus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• cunctus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be elected unanimousl: omnes centurias ferre or omnium suffragiis, cunctis centuriis creari