entailmentとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• intailment (rare)

語源

From entail +‎ -ment.

発音

• IPA: /ɛnˈteɪl.mənt/

名詞

entailment (countable and uncountable, plural entailments)

1. The act of logically entailing, the state of being entailed, or something that is entailed.

   Entailment does not imply causation: if a set of premisses entail a conclusion, that does not mean (necessarily) that they cause that conclusion to be true.

   An argument hinges upon entailment whereas an if-then sentence hinges upon implication.

   • 2022 May 25, Michael C. Dorf, “Failure to Extend a Precedent Versus Failure to Apply It: A Comment on Shinn v. Martinez Ramirez”, in Dorf on Law:

     That's not an extension at all. It's simply an obvious entailment of the original promise.

   • 2023, JC Beall, Michael DeVito, Entailment, Contradiction, and Christian Theism:

     In general, every language (and, hence, every language of every theory) has numerous entailment relations on it.

   • 2023, Gillian K. Russell, Barriers to Entailment, page 16:

     The barriers that this book is about —barriers to entailment — concern the relation of logical consequence ( or its lack. )

2. The act of setting up an entail to restrict inheritance.
   • 1875, New Jersey Law Reports - Volume 5, page 814:

     That no entailment of lands shall continue to entail Robinson etc. the same, in any case whatever, longer than the life of the person to whom the same hath been, or shall be, first devised, by such entailment.

   • 1903, The Pacific Reporter - Volume 71, page 292:

     On the other hand, the "perpetual entailment of estates" was a favorite of the common law,—supporting, as it did, the right of primogeniture, and growing out of the feudal system.

   • 2018, Jens Beckert, Inherited Wealth, page 163:

     Even in the nineteenth century, and especially in comparison with England, commentators repeatedly highlighted how important the abolition of entailment and primogeniture was to preventing the dynastic concentration of wealth.

3. (nonstandard) An entail.
   • 1890, Robert Andrew Sherrard, Thomas Johnson Sherrard ·, The Sherrard Family of Steubenville, page 241:

     And notwithstanding this turning clause was put in, yet it was afterwards construed to be a will giving an entailment of the real property to the old man's grandchildren, which was not the case.

   • 2002, Susan M. Fitzmaurice, The Familiar Letter in Early Modern English, page 213:

     Her answer cannily goes to the mercenary heart of the substance of Wortley's letter: the failure of the marriage negotiation because of his refusual to pay the price of placing an entailment on his estate .

   • 2011, Amanda Grange, Wickham's Diary, page 137:

     The de Bourghs have lived here for five hundred years, the name passing down through sons and daughters, for there is no entailment on the estate and so no difficulty about a female inheriting.

参考

• material implication