isoglossとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From iso- +‎ gloss, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἴσος (ísos, “equal”) (possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wi- (“to separate”)) + γλῶσσα (glôssa, “tongue; language”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *glōgʰs).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈaɪsə(ʊ̯)ɡlɒs/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈaɪsəɡlɑs/
• (Canada) IPA: /ˈaɪsoɡlɒs/, /ˈʌɪ-/, /-sə-/
• ハイフネーション: iso‧gloss

名詞

isogloss (plural isoglosses)

1. (linguistics) A line on a map indicating the geographical boundaries of a linguistic feature.

   Synonym: heterogloss

   • 1921, The Calcutta Review, Calcutta: University of Calcutta, →OCLC, page 285:

     Bloch thinks (and we agree with him) that details of isogloss will probably not bear out this kind of grouping.

   • 2005, Brian D. Joseph, Carol G. Preston, Dennis R. Preston, editors, Language Diversity in Michigan and Ohio: Towards Two State Linguistic Profiles, Ann Arbor, Mich.: Caravan Books, →ISBN, page 29:

     The convergence of multiple isoglosses on a map, a "bundle", indicates a boundary between one regional dialect and another.

2. (linguistics) A linguistic feature shared between languages or language varieties, through any of various mechanisms, whether genetic inheritance or other linguistic forces.
   • 1970, W[illiam] F[oxwell] Albright, T[homas] O[den] Lambdin, “The Evidence of Language”, in I[orwerth] E[iddon] S[tephen] Edwards, C[yril] J[ohn] Gadd, N[icholas] G[eoffrey] L[emprière] Hammond, editors, The Cambridge Ancient History, 3rd edition, volumes I, part 1 (Prolegomena and Prehistory), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, published 2000, →ISBN, section IV (Sumerian, Hurrian, Urarṭian, Elamite), page 154:

     There was also a tendency to treat transitive verbs passively, as in Hurrian and Urarṭian; it must, however, be emphasized that this phenomenon may also be considered as an isogloss rather than as an indication of genetic relationship.

   • 2025, Cid Swanenvleugel, The Pre-Roman Elements of the Sardinian Lexicon, page 66:

     It is likely that the Sardinian forms are related to Lat. afrissa 'dragon lily'. The question regarding its etymology is all but resolved however. It is not quite clear where Pseudo-Apuleius' herbarium [the only known use of afrissa] was composed. If it is North African, as has been proposed, this might be yet another instance of a Sardinian-African Romance isogloss, possibly due to Punic influence.

下位語

• isolex
• isophone
• Joret line

派生語

• isoglossal
• isoglossic

参考

Further reading

• isogloss on Wikipedia.Wikipedia