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US7133156B2 - Color management apparatus and color management system - Google Patents
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US7133156B2 - Color management apparatus and color management system - Google Patents

Color management apparatus and color management system Download PDF

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US7133156B2
US7133156B2 US10/132,129 US13212902A US7133156B2 US 7133156 B2 US7133156 B2 US 7133156B2 US 13212902 A US13212902 A US 13212902A US 7133156 B2 US7133156 B2 US 7133156B2
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color
receiving side
transmitting side
image
matching function
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US20030016289A1 (en
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Hideto Motomura
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/46—Colour picture communication systems
    • H04N1/56—Processing of colour picture signals
    • H04N1/60—Colour correction or control
    • H04N1/6083—Colour correction or control controlled by factors external to the apparatus
    • H04N1/6086—Colour correction or control controlled by factors external to the apparatus by scene illuminant, i.e. conditions at the time of picture capture, e.g. flash, optical filter used, evening, cloud, daylight, artificial lighting, white point measurement, colour temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/46—Colour picture communication systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/46—Colour picture communication systems
    • H04N1/56—Processing of colour picture signals
    • H04N1/60—Colour correction or control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/46—Colour picture communication systems
    • H04N1/56—Processing of colour picture signals
    • H04N1/60—Colour correction or control
    • H04N1/603—Colour correction or control controlled by characteristics of the picture signal generator or the picture reproducer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/46—Colour picture communication systems
    • H04N1/56—Processing of colour picture signals
    • H04N1/60—Colour correction or control
    • H04N1/6083—Colour correction or control controlled by factors external to the apparatus
    • H04N1/6088—Colour correction or control controlled by factors external to the apparatus by viewing conditions, i.e. conditions at picture output

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a color management apparatus and color management system to accurately control colors in a still image system or moving image system, which consists of image capturing using a still camera, video camera and scanner, etc., image transmission using the Internet or dedicated line, etc. and image display using a display, printer, etc.
  • an open system requires individual image processing apparatuses and applications to have a common interface and adopt a configuration with high-level versatility and expandability.
  • an image processing apparatus that transmits color information that is, a camera or scanner needs to accurately deliver captured color information to the open system.
  • an image processing apparatus that receives and displays color information that is, a display or printer, needs to accurately display the color information received. For example, even if a camera acquires color information accurately, color reproduction of the overall system deteriorates with inappropriate color information shown on a display.
  • colorimetric value XYZ which is an objective scale of color. Calculating the colorimetric value XYZ as the objective scale of color requires spectral reflectance R ⁇ , color matching function (x′ ⁇ , Y′ ⁇ , z′ ⁇ ) and spectral distribution E ⁇ of illumination of an object as shown in (Mathematical expression 1).
  • [ X Y Z ] [ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ R ⁇ ⁇ E ⁇ ⁇ x ⁇ ′ ⁇ d ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ R ⁇ ⁇ E ⁇ ⁇ y ⁇ ′ ⁇ d ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ R ⁇ ⁇ E ⁇ ⁇ z ⁇ ′ ⁇ d ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ] ( 1 )
  • the image capturing side estimates spectral reflectance of the object and transmits this to the observing side and XYZ is calculated according to the spectral distribution of illumination on the observing side, it is possible to absorb differences in illumination and realize accurate color reproduction.
  • a target of color reproduction is a target to control colorimetric value XYZ of an image to be reproduced by a display apparatus and there are as many types of color reproduction targets as combinations of types of spectral distribution of illumination of (Mathematical expression 1) and color matching function.
  • spectral distribution of illumination on the image capturing side is used as spectral distribution E ⁇ of illumination and a CIE1931 color matching function specified by the CIE (International Commission of Illumination) is used as the color matching function (x′ ⁇ , y′ ⁇ , Z′ ⁇ )
  • the colorimetric value XYZ calculated expresses colors of an object viewed by a CIE standard observer in image capturing illumination.
  • the target of color reproduction is to “reproduce colors when a CIE standard observer views an object in image capturing illumination”.
  • the color management apparatus needs to give the display apparatus an image signal that allows the display apparatus to display the “colors of an object viewed by a CIE standard observer in image capturing illumination”.
  • the colorimetric value XYZ calculated expresses colors of an object viewed by a CIE standard observer in observation illumination.
  • the target of color reproduction is to “reproduce colors when a CIE standard observer views an object in observation illumination”.
  • the color management apparatus needs to give the display apparatus an image signal that allows the display apparatus to display the “colors of an object viewed by a CIE standard observer in observation illumination”.
  • the colorimetric value XYZ which becomes the target for control of the display apparatus is different.
  • the image reproduced on the display apparatus has different colors.
  • the Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No.HEI 11-85952 discloses the means applicable to two targets of color reproduction by the image capturing side and receiving side having their respective spectral distributions of illumination.
  • the Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. HEI 11-85952 does not disclose how this target of color reproduction is determined, that is, the means for controlling the target of color reproduction and lacks a mechanism where by the image capturing side and the observing side can be connected without discrepancy so as to be flexibly applicable to the target of reproduction of a plurality of colors. That is, since there is no “protocol” that connects the image capturing side (color information transmitting side) and observing side (color information receiving side) over a network, there is a problem that a color reproduction intention cannot be exchanged appropriately between the image capturing side and the observing side.
  • the observing side when the observing side sets “reproducing colors of an object viewed from a CIE standard observer in image capturing illumination” as the target of color reproduction, the observing side requests the image capturing side to send the spectral distribution of illumination for image capturing.
  • the image capturing side sets a target of color reproduction different from that of the observing side and sets “reproducing colors of an object viewed from a CIE standard observer in illumination of observation” as a target of color reproduction
  • spectral distribution E ⁇ of illumination of (Mathematical expression 1) becomes illumination for observation.
  • the image capturing side has no intention to send the spectral distribution of illumination for image capturing to the observing side. This is an example of harmful effects when a common target for color reproduction is not set between the image capturing side and receiving side.
  • a target of color reproduction is defined in a variety of ways not only from the spectral distribution of illumination but also from differences in the color matching function. Thus, management of a target of color reproduction is a more important issue.
  • Task assignment of color reproduction refers to assignment of different types of processing such as calculation of colorimetric value XYZ, estimation of spectral reflectance of images captured and colorimetric control of the display apparatus to different processing sections of the color management apparatus.
  • the image capturing side when the image capturing side assumes all responsibility for color reproduction and executes all of estimation of spectral reflectance of images captured, calculation of colorimetric value XYZ and calculation of signals for the display apparatus, the image capturing side needs to send the colorimetric device characteristic of the display apparatus to the image capturing side.
  • the image capturing side keeps track of the characteristic of the display apparatus, sends an image signal optimized for the display apparatus to the observing side and the observing side displays the image without applying colorimetric processing, and the target of color reproduction is achieved in this way.
  • the observing side assumes all responsibility for color reproduction and executes all colorimetric processing
  • the output signal of the image capturing apparatus is directly sent to the observing side without being subjected to colorimetric processing.
  • the receiving side performs all processing of estimation of spectral reflectance of images captured, calculation of colorimetric value XYZ and calculation of all signals for the display apparatus and the target of color reproduction is achieved in this way.
  • the above-described conventional color management apparatus has a fixed process of colorimetric processing and is not constructed in such away as to flexibly assign a variety of tasks of color reproduction between the transmitting side and receiving side.
  • the present invention allows the transmitting side and receiving side to share color reproduction targets, send/receive the characteristic of the device used, color matching function and visual environment information to/from each other according to task assignment of color reproduction processing according to the color reproduction targets, thus making it possible to set color control parameters on the transmitting side or set color control parameters on the receiving side.
  • the present invention is constructed of a transmitting side control section that exchanges a device characteristic, color matching function and visual environment information with the receiving side according to a color reproduction target and color reproduction task, sets color control parameters on the transmitting side and instructs image capturing, a receiving side control section that exchanges a device characteristic, color matching function and visual environment information with the transmitting side according to the color reproduction target and color reproduction task, sets color control parameters on the receiving side and instructs image display, a transmit image processing section that converts an image captured according to the instruction from the transmitting side control section to an image signal for transmission, a transmitting side device characteristic setting section that sets a colorimetric input/output characteristic of the device used to acquire images for the transmit image processing section according to the instruction from the transmitting side control section, a transmitting side color matching function setting section that sets a color matching function for the transmit image processing section according to the instruction from the transmitting side control section, a transmitting side visual environment setting section that sets visual environment information for the transmit image processing section according to the instruction from the transmitting side control section
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a color management apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention capable of flexibly meeting a plurality of color reproduction targets and color reproduction tasks assigned;
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a case where a transmitting side sends a communication request to a receiving side in a procedure for making an arrangement about color management
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a case where a receiving side sends a communication request to a transmitting side in a procedure for making an arrangement about color management
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a color management apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention applicable to a color reproduction target # 1 and color reproduction task assignment # 1 ;
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a color management apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention applicable to a color reproduction target # 4 and color reproduction task assignment # 1 ;
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a color management apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention applicable to a color reproduction target # 1 and color reproduction task assignment # 2 in the case of transmission of colorimetric value XYZ;
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a color management apparatus according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention applicable to a color reproduction target # 1 and color reproduction task assignment # 2 in the case of transmission of a main component coefficient of spectral reflectance;
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a color management apparatus according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention applicable to a color reproduction target # 4 and color reproduction task assignment # 2 ;
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a color management apparatus according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention applicable to a color reproduction target # 1 and color reproduction task assignment # 3 ;
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a color management apparatus according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention applicable to a color reproduction target # 4 and color reproduction task assignment # 3 .
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a color management apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • the color management apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is constructed in such a way as to be flexibly applicable to a plurality of color reproduction targets and color reproduction tasks assigned.
  • Image capturing section 1001 can capture images using a video camera, digital camera or scanner, etc. Furthermore, a VCR and optical disk such as CD-ROM and DVD-ROM or a magnetic disk, etc. which provide already recorded electronic information can also be used as specific means for image capturing. Image contents may also be natural reflecting objects taken by a video camera, etc. and computer graphics created by a colorimetrically controlled image display section.
  • Transmit image processing section 1002 performs estimation of spectral reflectance of an object, calculation of colorimetric value XYZ and calculation of signals for a display apparatus, etc. and sends image information to the observing side through two paths.
  • a first transmission path is download type transmission path 1003 , which sends image information in a file format.
  • a second transmission path is packet type transmission path 1004 , which sends image information in a stream format.
  • coding section 1005 encodes and multiplexes the image signal.
  • the stream format image information sent through packet type transmission path 1004 is demultiplexed and decoded by decoding section 1006 on the observing side, which is the receiving side.
  • the output of decoding section 1006 is delivered to received image processing section 1007 .
  • Received image processing section 1007 converts the delivered image information to an image signal for which accurate color reproduction is guaranteed on the display apparatus through estimation of spectral reflectance of the object, calculation of colorimetric value XYZ and calculation of signals for the display apparatus and outputs the image signal to image display section 1008 .
  • the present invention does not limit the type of the display apparatus, and is also applicable to a soft copy system such as a CRT monitor, LCD monitor, projector or a hard copy system such as printing and photography.
  • Transmit image processing section 1002 is given color control parameters, which are information necessary for color management, from transmit side device characteristic setting section 1009 , transmitting side color matching function setting section 1010 , transmitting side visual environment setting section 1011 and transmitting side control section 1012 .
  • Transmit side device characteristic setting section 1009 gives the colorimetric input/output characteristic of image capturing section 1001 received from image capturing section control section 1013 as a color control parameter to transmit image processing section 1002 . Then, transmit image processing section 1002 estimates spectral reflectance R of the object from output signal V i of image capturing section 1001 using the colorimetric input/output characteristic of image capturing section 1001 . That is, transmit side device characteristic setting section 1009 is used to estimate spectral reflectance R of the object from output signal V i of image capturing section 1001 .
  • Transmitting side color matching function setting section 1010 gives color matching function (x′ ⁇ , Y′ ⁇ , Z′ ⁇ ) as a color control parameter to transmit image processing section 1002 and transmitting side visual environment setting section 1011 gives spectral distribution E ⁇ of illumination as a color control parameter to transmit image processing section 1002 . Then, transmitting side image processing section 1002 combines the color matching function and spectral distribution with spectral reflectance R of the object and calculates XYZ three stimulus values which are colorimetric value according to (Mathematical expression 1).
  • transmitting side control section 1012 gives color matching function (x′ ⁇ , Y′ ⁇ , z′ ⁇ ) on the receiving side and spectral distribution E ⁇ of illumination and the colorimetric input/output characteristic of the image display section to transmit image processing section 1002 as color control parameters.
  • transmit image processing section 1002 can acquire information on all of color matching function (x′ ⁇ , y′ ⁇ , z′ ⁇ ), spectral distribution E ⁇ of illumination and colorimetric input/output characteristic of the image display section for both the transmitting side and receiving side.
  • transmit image processing section 1002 can selectively apply color matching function (x′ ⁇ , y′ ⁇ , Z′ ⁇ ) and spectral distribution E ⁇ of illumination on the transmitting side and receiving side when calculating colorimetric value XYZ using (Mathematical expression 1). That is, transmit image processing section 1002 is provided with a mechanism capable of calculating appropriate colorimetric value XYZ according to various color reproduction targets.
  • colorimetric value XYZ is defined as a color when an object is illuminated with image capturing illumination on the transmitting side and viewed with the color matching function of the observer on the transmitting side.
  • the display apparatus is controlled so that colorimetric value XYZ of the displayed color matches colorimetric value XYZ of the object.
  • the display apparatus is controlled so that colorimetric value XYZ of the displayed color matches the color of the object illuminated with image capturing illumination on the transmitting side and viewed with the color matching function of the observer on the transmitting side.
  • This means that matching colorimetric value XYZ of the displayed color with the color of the object illuminated with image capturing illumination on the transmitting side and viewed with the color matching function of the observer on the transmitting side is defined as the target of color reproduction. This target is named “color reproduction target # 1 ” for convenience' sake.
  • colorimetric value XYZ to be calculated by transmit image processing section 1002 is defined as a color when an object is illuminated with observation illumination on the receiving side and viewed with the color matching function of the observer on the transmitting side.
  • This means that matching colorimetric value XYZ of the displayed color of the display apparatus with the color of the object illuminated with observation illumination on the receiving side and viewed with the color matching function of the observer on the transmitting side is defined as the target of color reproduction. This target is named “color reproduction target # 2 ” for the sake of convenience.
  • colorimetric value XYZ to be calculated by transmit image processing section 1002 is defined as a color when an object is illuminated with image capturing illumination on the transmitting side and viewed with the color matching function of the observer on the receiving side.
  • This means that matching colorimetric value XYZ of the displayed color of the display apparatus with the color of the object illuminated with image capturing illumination on the transmitting side and viewed with the color matching function of the observer on the receiving side is defined as the target of color reproduction. This target is named “color reproduction target # 3 ” for the sake of convenience.
  • colorimetric value XYZ to be calculated by transmit image processing section 1002 is defined as a color when an object is illuminated with observation illumination on the receiving side and viewed with the color matching function of the observer on the receiving side.
  • This means that matching colorimetric value XYZ of the displayed color of the display apparatus with the color of the object illuminated with observation illumination on the receiving side and viewed with the color matching function of the observer on the receiving side is defined as the target of color reproduction. This target is named “color reproduction target # 4 ” for the sake of convenience.
  • the color management apparatus shown in FIG. 1 has a configuration applicable to any one of four color reproduction targets.
  • transmit image processing section 1002 has the colorimetric input/output characteristics of the image capturing apparatus and image display section, and can thereby perform both estimation of spectral reflectance of the object, calculation of signals for the display apparatus.
  • This allows task assignment of color reproduction corresponding to the format in which the transmitting side assumes all color reproduction processing as in the case of broadcasting.
  • the transmitting side performs no more than calculation of colorimetric value XYZ and the receiving side that has received colorimetric value XYZ can also assume the task of color reproduction of calculating signals for the own display apparatus.
  • the first task of color reproduction when the transmitting side assumes all color reproduction processing is named “color reproduction task assignment # 1 ”.
  • the second task of color reproduction when the transmitting side is on a par with the receiving side in the task of color reproduction is named “color reproduction task assignment # 2 ”.
  • the task of color reproduction when the transmitting side carries out no color reproduction related processing, directly sends output signal Vi of image capturing section 1001 to the receiving side, and the receiving side estimates spectral reflectance of the object and calculates signals for the display apparatus is named “color reproduction task assignment # 3 ”.
  • Table 2 provides a summary of the above-described three tasks assigned of color reproduction.
  • the color management apparatus shown in FIG. 1 has a configuration applicable to any one of the three tasks assigned of color reproduction through an arrangement between the transmitting side and the receiving side, which will be described later.
  • the receiving side also has the same function as that of the transmitting side and received image processing section 1007 is given information necessary for color management from receiving side device characteristic setting section 1014 , receiving side color matching function setting section 1015 , receiving side visual environment setting section 1016 and receiving side control section 1017 .
  • Receiving side device characteristic setting section 1014 gives the colorimetric input/output characteristic of image display section 1008 obtained from image display section control section 1018 to received image processing section 1007 .
  • Received image processing section 1007 calculates a signal for the display apparatus aiming at matching of the signal for the display apparatus with colorimetric value XYZ of the object.
  • Receiving side color matching function setting section 1015 gives color matching function (x′ ⁇ , y′ ⁇ , z′ ⁇ ) as a color control parameter to received image processing section 1007 and receiving side visual environment setting section 1016 gives spectral distribution E ⁇ of illumination as a color control parameter to received image processing section 1007 .
  • Received image processing section 1007 calculates XYZ three stimulus values, which are colorimetric value, by combining the color matching function and spectral distribution of illumination with spectral reflectance R of the object according to (Mathematical expression 1).
  • receiving side control section 1017 gives color matching function (x′ ⁇ , y′ ⁇ , z′ ⁇ ), spectral distribution E ⁇ of illumination on the transmitting side and colorimetric input/output characteristic of the image capturing apparatus to received image processing section 1007 .
  • received image processing section 1007 can acquire color matching function (x′ ⁇ , y′ ⁇ , Z′ ⁇ ), spectral distribution E ⁇ of illumination and colorimetric input/output characteristic of the image capturing apparatus as color control parameters for both the transmitting side and the receiving side.
  • received image processing section 1007 has the colorimetric input/output characteristics of the image capturing apparatus and the image display apparatus as color control parameters, and can thereby perform both estimation of spectral reflectance of the object and calculation of a signal for the display apparatus.
  • Color management is carried out aiming at matching colorimetric value XYZ of the reproduced object with colorimetric value XYZ of the image capturing object. Therefore, an operation of the color management apparatus starts with a definition of colorimetric value XYZ of the image capturing object. This is the above-described “four color reproduction targets”. After the targets of color reproduction are determined, the components of the color management apparatus operate with their respective tasks assigned, which allows colorimetric value XYZ of the reproduced object to match with XYZ of the image capturing object defined according to the targets of color reproduction for the color management apparatus as a whole.
  • FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 show a procedure for making an arrangement about color management.
  • FIG. 2 shows a case where the transmitting side sends a communication request to the receiving side
  • FIG. 3 shows a case where the receiving side sends a communication request to the transmitting side.
  • FIG. 2 will be explained.
  • Transmitting side control section 1012 on the transmitting side sends a communication request to receiving side control section 1017 on the receiving side (ST 2001 ).
  • Receiving side control section 1017 that has received this request sends back a communication permission to transmitting side control section 1012 (ST 2002 ). This allows the transmitting side and receiving side to get ready for communication.
  • transmitting side control section 1012 sends a color reproduction target to the receiving side (ST 2003 ).
  • Receiving side control section 1017 that has received this color reproduction target sends back a confirmation of reception of the color reproduction target to transmitting side control section 1012 (ST 2004 ). This allows the transmitting side and receiving side to have common recognition about the color reproduction target.
  • transmitting side control section 1012 sends a color reproduction task to receiving side control section 1017 (ST 2005 ).
  • Receiving side control section 1017 that has received this color reproduction task sends back a confirmation of reception of the color reproduction task to transmitting side control section 1012 (ST 2006 ). This allows the transmitting side and receiving side to have common recognition about the color reproduction task.
  • Transmitting side control section 1012 sends transmitting side color reproduction information which is a color control parameter necessary for the receiving side to receiving side control section 1017 based on the target of color reproduction and the task of color reproduction (ST 2007 ).
  • Receiving side control section 1017 receives the transmitting side color reproduction information (ST 2008 ) and then sends receiving side color reproduction information, which is a necessary color control parameter to transmitting side control section 1012 based on the target of color reproduction and the task of color reproduction (ST 2009 ). Then, transmitting side control section 1012 receives necessary receiving side color reproduction information (ST 2010 ).
  • the setting on color management is completed for both the transmitting side and receiving side and transmitting side control section 1012 instructs image capturing section 1001 to start video signal processing through image capturing section control section 1013 .
  • receiving side control section 1017 sends a communication request to transmitting side control section 1012 (ST 3001 ).
  • Transmitting side control section 1012 that has received this request sends back a communication permission to receiving side control section 1017 (ST 3002 ). This allows the transmitting side and receiving side to get ready for communication.
  • receiving side control section 1017 sends a color reproduction target to transmitting side control section (ST 3003 ).
  • Transmitting side control section 1012 that has received this color reproduction target sends back a confirmation of reception of the color reproduction target to receiving side control section 1017 (ST 3004 ). This allows the receiving side and transmitting side to have common recognition about the color reproduction target.
  • receiving side control section 1017 sends a color reproduction task to transmitting side control section 1012 (ST 3005 ).
  • Transmitting side control section 1012 that has received this color reproduction task sends back a confirmation of reception of the color reproduction task to receiving side control section 1017 (ST 3006 ). This allows the receiving side and transmitting side to have common recognition about the color reproduction task.
  • Receiving side control section 1017 sends receiving side color reproduction information which is a necessary color control parameter to transmitting side control section 1012 based on the target of color reproduction and the task of color reproduction (ST 3007 ).
  • Transmitting side control section 1012 receives the receiving side color reproduction information (ST 3008 ) and then sends transmitting side color reproduction information, which is a necessary color control parameter to receiving side control section 1017 based on the target of color reproduction and the task of color reproduction (ST 3009 ). Then, receiving side control section 1017 receives necessary transmitting side color reproduction information (ST 3010 ).
  • the setting on color management is completed for both the receiving side and transmitting side and receiving side control section 1017 instructs image capturing section 1001 to start image signal processing through image capturing section control section 1013 .
  • Embodiment 1 can provide a color management apparatus capable of appropriately operating the processing sections according to four color reproduction targets defined based on differences in the color matching function of illumination and spectral distribution of illumination between the image capturing side and observing side, according to which of the transmitting side or the receiving side plays the main role of color reproduction processing or whether both sides carry out color reproduction processing on an equal basis.
  • An allowable error is defined as a range in which an observer does not perceive any color difference between the image capturing object and reproduced object. That is, when the observer feels no difference even if the XYZ values are different, the difference in the XYZ values constitutes no problem from the standpoint of color reproduction. Since the allowable error is affected by various factors such as components of the color management system, evaluation criteria of the observer, contents of the image capturing object and visual environment, etc., it is difficult to define a standardized allowable error. The definition method is unrelated to the present invention and the allowable error is an issue to be handled separately by other means.
  • XYZ three stimulus values are used as colorimetric value, but it is also possible to use LAB, LUV, lightness, brightness, chroma, colorfulness, saturation and hue, which represent attributes of appearance of colors and the present invention will not limit the types of colorimetric value.
  • this embodiment constructs the color management system with only two systems on the transmitting side and receiving side, but it is also possible to provide a third system to perform central control over these two systems and allow this third system to instruct operations of the transmitting side and receiving side.
  • FIG. 4 shows a functional block diagram of a color management system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • the color management system shown in FIG. 4 is constructed in such a way as to be applicable to color reproduction target # 1 and color reproduction task assignment # 1 .
  • the parts having the same functions as those in the functional block of the color management system shown in FIG. 1 are assigned the same reference numerals.
  • color reproduction target # 1 will be explained. As shown in Table 1, color reproduction target # 1 is to reproduce the color of an object when viewed in image capturing illumination (transmitting side) with the color matching function of the observer on the transmitting side. Therefore, in calculation of colorimetric value XYZ, transmitting side color matching function setting section 4001 supplies a color matching function, which is a color control parameter and transmitting side visual environment setting section 4002 supplies, a spectral distribution of illumination, which is a color control parameter.
  • a color matching function which is a color control parameter
  • transmitting side visual environment setting section 4002 supplies, a spectral distribution of illumination, which is a color control parameter.
  • color reproduction task assignment # 1 will be explained.
  • the transmitting side plays the main role of color reproduction task assignment # 1 and transmit image processing section 4003 executes all processing.
  • the output of transmit image processing section 4003 also becomes signal Vo for the display apparatus.
  • transmitting side device characteristic setting section 4004 supplies the colorimetric input/output characteristic of image capturing section 4005 , which is a color control parameter, to transmit image processing section 4003 .
  • the colorimetric input/output characteristic of image display section 4008 which is a color control parameter, is supplied to transmit image processing section 4003 from receiving side device characteristic setting section 4007 through transmitting side control section 4006 .
  • Image capturing section 4005 supplies signal V i of the captured image to transmit image processing section 4003 .
  • Transmit image processing section 4003 estimates spectral reflectance of the object based on signal V i of the captured image and the colorimetric input/output characteristic of the image capturing apparatus sent from transmitting side device characteristic setting section 4004 .
  • Transmit image processing section 4003 converts the spectral reflectance to colorimetric value XYZ using the color matching function sent from transmitting side color matching function setting section 4001 and spectral distribution of illumination sent from transmitting side visual environment setting section 4002 .
  • Display system reverse direction model 4009 converts colorimetric value XYZ to signal Vo for the display apparatus based on the colorimetric input/output characteristic of the image display apparatus given from receiving side device characteristic setting section 4007 .
  • Signal Vo for the display apparatus is sent to the receiving side through download type transmission path 4010 or packet type transmission path 4011 and delivered to image display section 4008 .
  • Embodiment 2 can provide a color management system capable of appropriately operating each processing section to achieve color reproduction target # 1 and color reproduction task assignment # 1 .
  • FIG. 5 shows a functional block diagram of a color management apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • the color management apparatus shown in FIG. 5 is constructed in such a way as to be applicable to color reproduction target # 4 and color reproduction task assignment # 1 .
  • the part shaving the same functions as those in the functional block of the color management system shown in FIG. 1 are assigned the same reference numerals.
  • color reproduction target # 4 will be explained. As shown in Table 1, color reproduction target # 4 is to reproduce the color of an object when viewed in observation illumination (receiving side) with the color matching function of the observer on the receiving side. Therefore, in calculation of colorimetric value XYZ, receiving side color matching function setting section 5001 supplies a color matching function, which is a color control parameter and receiving side visual environment setting section 5002 supplies a spectral distribution of illumination, which is a color control parameter.
  • color reproduction task assignment # 1 will be explained.
  • the transmitting side plays the main role of color reproduction task assignment # 1 and transmit image processing section 5003 executes all processing.
  • the output of transmit image processing section 5003 also becomes signal Vo for the display apparatus.
  • transmitting side device characteristic setting section 5004 supplies the colorimetric input/output characteristic of image capturing section 5005 , which is a color control parameter, to transmit image processing section 5003 .
  • transmit image processing section 5003 is supplied with the color matching function of the observer on the receiving side, which is a color control parameter, from receiving side color matching function setting section 5001 through transmitting side control section 5006 and illumination (observation illumination) on the receiving side, which is a color control parameter, from receiving side visual environment setting section 5002 .
  • transmit image processing section 5003 is supplied with the colorimetric input/output characteristic of the image display apparatus of image display section 5008 , which is a color control parameter, from receiving side device characteristic setting section 5007 through transmitting side control section 5006 .
  • Image capturing section 5005 supplies signal V i of the captured image to transmit image processing section 5003 .
  • Transmit image processing section 5003 estimates spectral reflectance of the object based on signal V i of the captured image and the colorimetric input/output characteristic of the image capturing apparatus sent from transmitting side device characteristic setting section 5004 .
  • Transmit image processing section 5003 converts the spectral reflectance to colorimetric value XYZ using the color matching function sent from receiving side color matching function setting section 5001 and spectral distribution of illumination sent from receiving side visual environment setting section 5002 .
  • Display system reverse direction model 5009 converts colorimetric value XYZ to signal Vo for the display apparatus based on the colorimetric input/output characteristic of the image display apparatus given from receiving side device characteristic setting section 5007 .
  • Signal Vo for the display apparatus is sent to the receiving side through download type transmission path 5010 or packet type transmission path 5011 and delivered to image display section 5008 .
  • Embodiment 3 can provide a color management system capable of appropriately operating each processing section to achieve color reproduction target # 4 and color reproduction task assignment # 1 .
  • a configuration of the color management apparatus applicable to color reproduction target # 2 and color reproduction task assignment # 1 can be simply understood in this embodiment. That is, as shown in Table 1, since the spectral distribution of illumination is on the receiving side and the color matching function is on the transmitting side according to color reproduction target # 2 , XYZ in transmit image processing section 5003 is calculated using the information from transmitting side visual environment setting section 5012 and receiving side color matching function setting section 5007 .
  • a configuration of the color management apparatus applicable to color reproduction target # 3 and color reproduction task assignment # 1 can be simply understood in this embodiment. That is, as shown in Table 1, since the spectral distribution of illumination is on the transmitting side and the color matching function is on the receiving side according to color reproduction target # 3 , XYZ in transmit image processing section 5003 is calculated using the information from receiving side visual environment setting section 5008 and transmitting side color matching function setting section 5013 .
  • FIG. 6 shows a functional block diagram of a color management apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • the color management apparatus shown in FIG. 6 is constructed in such a way as to be applicable to color reproduction target # 1 and color reproduction task assignment # 2 .
  • the parts having the same functions as those in the functional block of the color management system shown in FIG. 1 are assigned the same reference numerals.
  • color reproduction target# 1 will be explained. As shown in Table 1, color reproduction target # 1 is to reproduce the color of an object when viewed in image capturing illumination with the color matching function of the observer on the transmitting side. Therefore, in calculation of colorimetric value XYZ, transmitting side color matching function setting section 6001 supplies a color matching function, which is a color control parameter, and transmitting side visual environment setting section 6002 supplies a spectral distribution of illumination, which is a color control parameter.
  • color reproduction task assignment # 2 will be explained.
  • the transmitting side and receiving side function on an equal basis of color reproduction task assignment # 2 and the transmitting side and receiving side exchange color information using colorimetric value XYZ. Therefore, transmit image processing section 6003 assumes both estimation of spectral reflectance of the object and calculation of XYZ.
  • received image processing section 6004 converts colorimetric value XYZ to signal Vo for the display apparatus using display system reverse direction model 6005 .
  • transmitting side device characteristic setting section 6006 supplies the colorimetric input/output characteristic of image capturing section 6007 , which is a color control parameter, to transmit image processing section 6003 . Furthermore, to calculate signal V o for the display apparatus, receiving side device characteristic setting section 6008 supplies the colorimetric input/output characteristic of the image display apparatus of image display section 6009 , which is a color control parameter, to transmit image processing section 6004 .
  • Image capturing section 6007 supplies signal V i of the captured image to transmit image processing section 6003 .
  • Transmit image processing section 6003 estimates spectral reflectance of the object based on signal V i of the captured image and the colorimetric input/output characteristic of the image capturing apparatus sent from transmitting side device characteristic setting section 6006 .
  • transmit image processing section 6003 converts the spectral reflectance to colorimetric value XYZ using the color matching function sent from transmitting side color matching function setting section 6001 and spectral distribution of illumination sent from transmitting side visual environment setting section 6002 .
  • Colorimetric value XYZ is sent to the receiving side through download type transmission path 6012 or packet type transmission path 6013 .
  • display system reverse direction model 6005 converts colorimetric value XYZ to signal V o for the display apparatus based on the colorimetric input/output characteristic of the image display apparatus given from receiving side device characteristic setting section 6008 and delivers the signal to image display section 6009 .
  • Embodiment 4 can provide a color management apparatus capable of appropriately operating each processing section to achieve color reproduction target # 1 and color reproduction task assignment # 2 .
  • FIG. 7 shows a functional block diagram of a color management apparatus according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • the color management apparatus shown in FIG. 7 is constructed in such a way as to be applicable to color reproduction target # 1 and color reproduction task assignment # 2 .
  • the parts having the same functions as those in the functional block of the color management apparatus shown in FIG. 1 are assigned the same reference numerals.
  • color reproduction target # 1 will be explained. As shown in Table 1, color reproduction target # 1 is to reproduce the color of an object when viewed in image capturing illumination with the color matching function of the observer on the transmitting side. Therefore, in calculation of colorimetric value XYZ, transmitting side color matching function setting section 7001 supplies a color matching function, which is a color control parameter, and transmitting side visual environment setting section 7002 supplies a spectral distribution of illumination, which is a color control parameter.
  • color reproduction task assignment # 2 will be explained.
  • the transmitting side and receiving side function on an equal basis of color reproduction task assignment # 2 and the transmitting side and receiving side exchange color information using the main component coefficient of spectral reflectance.
  • the purpose of transmitting the main component coefficient of spectral reflectance is to send spectral information with a limited band and a small number of dimensions. For example, when spectral reflectance is quantized in increments of 5 nm between 400 nm and 700 nm, transmitting the spectral reflectance requires 61 channels. Therefore, spectral reflectance is expressed with 61-dimensional vectors and a main component analysis is applied to generate main component vectors. Then, when vectors are transmitted starting with the first main component of the main component vectors preferentially, it is almost possible to send the original spectral information with the number of channels smaller than 61.
  • This main component vectors are shared by transmitting side control section 7003 and receiving side control section 7004 . More specifically, there are various methods such as a method whereby predetermined main components are kept by transmitting side control section 7003 and receiving side control section 7004 or a method whereby main component analysis section 7005 on the transmitting side calculates main components based on the captured image and transmitting side control section 7003 sends these components to receiving side control section 7004 .
  • XYZ calculation section 7007 of received image processing section 7006 reconstructs the spectral reflectance of the object using the main component coefficient received from the transmitting side and the main component vector sent from receiving side control section 7004 . Furthermore, XYZ calculation section 7007 calculates colorimetric value XYZ using the color matching function sent from transmitting side color matching function setting section 7001 through transmitting side control section 7003 and receiving side control section 7004 and the spectral distribution of illumination sent from transmitting side visual environment setting section 7002 .
  • Reverse direction model 7010 converts colorimetric value XYZ to signal Vo for the display signal using the colorimetric input/output characteristic of the image display apparatus of image display section 7009 supplied from receiving side device characteristic setting section 7008 .
  • Image capturing section 7011 supplies signal V i of the captured image to transmit image processing section 7012 .
  • Transmit image processing section 7012 estimates spectral reflectance of the object from signal V i of the captured image based on the colorimetric input/output characteristic of the image capturing apparatus sent from transmitting side device characteristic setting section 7013 , which is a color control parameter.
  • the estimation accuracy can be improved based on visual errors.
  • transmit image processing section 7012 is supplied with the color matching function from transmitting side color matching function setting section 7001 and the spectral distribution of illumination from transmitting side visual environment setting section 7002 .
  • main component analysis section 7005 calculates a main component coefficient from the spectral reflectance.
  • Main component analysis section 7005 sends the main component coefficient to the receiving side through download type transmission path 7014 or packet type transmission path 7015 .
  • the main component coefficient is supplied to XYZ calculation section 7007 .
  • the color matching function and spectral distribution of illumination are supplied from the transmitting side to XYZ calculation section 7007 through receiving side control section 7004 .
  • Display system reverse direction model 7010 converts colorimetric value XYZ to signal Vo for the display apparatus based on the colorimetric input/output characteristic of the image display apparatus given from transmitting side device characteristic setting section 7008 , which is a color control parameter and delivers the signal to image display section 7009 .
  • Embodiment 5 can provide a color management system capable of appropriately operating each processing section to achieve color reproduction target # 1 and color reproduction task assignment # 2 .
  • FIG. 8 shows a functional block diagram of a color management apparatus according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • the color management apparatus shown in FIG. 8 is constructed in such a way as to be applicable to color reproduction target # 4 and color reproduction task assignment # 2 .
  • the parts having the same functions as those in the functional block of the color management system shown in FIG. 1 are assigned the same reference numerals.
  • color reproduction target # 4 will be explained. As shown in Table 1, color reproduction target # 4 is to reproduce the color of an object when viewed in observation illumination with the color matching function of the observer on the receiving side. Therefore, in calculation of colorimetric value XYZ, receiving side color matching function setting section 8001 supplies a color matching function, which is a color control parameter, and receiving side visual environment setting section 8002 supplies a spectral distribution of illumination, which is a color control parameter.
  • color reproduction task assignment # 2 will be explained.
  • the transmitting side and receiving side function on an equal basis of color reproduction task assignment # 2 and the transmitting side and receiving side exchange color information using colorimetric value XYZ. Therefore, transmit image processing section 8003 assumes both estimation of spectral reflectance of the object and calculation of XYZ.
  • received image processing section 8004 converts colorimetric value XYZ to signal Vo for the display apparatus using display system reverse direction model 8005 .
  • transmitting side device characteristic setting section 8006 supplies the colorimetric input/output characteristic of the image capturing apparatus of image capturing section 8007 , which is a color control parameter, to transmit image processing section 8003 .
  • receiving side device characteristic setting section 8008 supplies the colorimetric input/output characteristic of the image display apparatus of image display section 8009 , which is a color control parameter, to received image processing section 8004 .
  • Image capturing section 8007 supplies signal V i of the captured image to transmit image processing section 8003 .
  • Transmit image processing section 8003 estimates spectral reflectance of the object from signal V i of the captured image based on the colorimetric input/output characteristic of the image capturing apparatus sent from transmitting side device characteristic setting section 8006 .
  • Transmit image processing section 8003 converts the spectral reflectance to colorimetric value XYZ using the color matching function sent from receiving side color matching function setting section 8001 supplied through receiving side control section 8010 and transmitting side control section 8011 and spectral distribution of illumination sent from transmitting side visual environment setting section 8002 . Transmitting image processing section 8003 sends colorimetric value XYZ to the receiving side through download type transmission path 8012 or packet type transmission path 8013 .
  • display system reverse direction model 8005 converts colorimetric value XYZ to signal Vo for the display apparatus based on the colorimetric input/output characteristic of the image display apparatus given from receiving side device characteristic setting section 8008 and delivers the signal to image display section 8009 .
  • Embodiment 6 can provide a color management apparatus capable of appropriately operating each processing section to achieve color reproduction target # 4 and color reproduction task assignment # 2 .
  • a configuration of the color management apparatus applicable to color reproduction target # 2 and color reproduction task assignment # 2 can be simply understood in this embodiment. That is, as shown in Table 1, since the spectral distribution of illumination is on the receiving side and the color matching function is on the transmitting side according to color reproduction target # 2 , XYZ in transmit image processing section 8003 is calculated using the information from receiving side visual environment setting section 8002 and transmitting side color matching function setting section 8015 . Likewise, a configuration of the color management apparatus applicable to color reproduction target # 3 and color reproduction task assignment # 2 can be simply understood in this embodiment.
  • XYZ in transmit image processing section 8003 is calculated using the information from transmitting side visual environment setting section 8014 and receiving side color matching function setting section 8001 .
  • FIG. 9 shows a functional block diagram of a color management apparatus according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • the color management apparatus shown in FIG. 9 is constructed in such a way as to be applicable to color reproduction target # 1 and color reproduction task assignment # 3 .
  • color reproduction target # 1 will be explained. As shown in Table 1, color reproduction target # 1 is to reproduce the color of an object when viewed in image capturing illumination with the color matching function of the observer on the transmitting side. Therefore, in calculation of colorimetric value XYZ, transmitting side color matching function setting section 9001 supplies a color matching function, which is a color control parameter, and transmitting side visual environment setting section 9002 supplies a spectral distribution of illumination, which is a color control parameter.
  • color reproduction task assignment # 3 will be explained. As shown in Table 2, the receiving side plays the main role of color reproduction task assignment # 3 and the received image processing section 9003 executes all processing.
  • transmitting side device characteristic setting section 9005 supplies the colorimetric input/output characteristic of the image capturing apparatus of image capturing section 9006 , which is a color control parameter, to received image processing section 9003 through transmitting side control section 9007 and receiving side control section 9008 .
  • transmitting side color matching function setting section 9001 supplies the color matching function, which is a color control parameter, to the received image processing section 9003 through transmitting side control section 9007 and receiving side control section 9008 .
  • transmitting side visual environment setting section 9002 supplies the spectral distribution of illumination, which is a color control parameter, to received image processing section 9003 through transmitting side control section 9007 and receiving side control section 9008 .
  • receiving side device characteristic setting section 9009 supplies the colorimetric input/output characteristic of the image display apparatus of image display section 9010 , which is a color control parameter, to received image processing section 9003 .
  • Image capturing section 9006 supplies signal V i of the captured image to transmit image processing section 9004 .
  • Transmit image processing section 9004 sends signal V i of the captured image to the receiving side through download type transmission path 9011 or packet type transmission path 9012 and supplies it to received image processing section 9003 .
  • Received image processing section 9003 estimates spectral reflectance of the object from signal V i of the received captured image based on the colorimetric input/output characteristic of the image capturing apparatus sent from transmitting side device characteristic setting section 9005 .
  • Received image processing section 9003 converts the spectral reflectance to colorimetric value XYZ using the color matching function sent from transmitting side color matching function setting section 9001 and spectral distribution of illumination sent from transmitting side visual environment setting section 9002 .
  • Display system reverse direction model 9013 converts colorimetric value XYZ to signal V o for the display apparatus based on the colorimetric input/output characteristic of the image display apparatus given from receiving side device characteristic setting section 9009 . Then, display system reverse direction model 9013 delivers signal V o for the display apparatus to image display section 9010 .
  • Embodiment 7 can provide a color management system capable of appropriately operating each processing section to achieve color reproduction target # 1 and color reproduction task assignment # 3 .
  • FIG. 10 shows a functional block diagram of a color management apparatus according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
  • the color management apparatus shown in FIG. 10 is constructed in such a way as to be applicable to color reproduction target # 4 and color reproduction task assignment # 3 .
  • color reproduction target # 4 will be explained. As shown in Table 1, color reproduction target # 4 is to reproduce the color of an object in observation illumination (receiving side) when viewed with the color matching function of the observer on the receiving side. Therefore, in calculation of colorimetric value XYZ, receiving side color matching function setting section 10001 supplies a color matching function, which is a color control parameter, and receiving side visual environment setting section 10002 supplies a spectral distribution of illumination, which is a color control parameter.
  • color reproduction task assignment # 3 will be explained. As shown in Table 2, the receiving side plays the main role of color reproduction task assignment # 3 and the received image processing section 10003 executes all processing.
  • transmitting side device characteristic setting section 10005 supplies the colorimetric input/output characteristic of the image capturing apparatus of image capturing section 10006 , which is a color control parameter, to received image processing section 10003 through transmitting side control section 10007 and receiving side control section 10008 .
  • receiving side color matching function setting section 10001 supplies the color matching function, which is a color control parameter, to the received image processing section 10003 and receiving side visual environment setting section 10002 supplies spectral distribution of illumination to received image processing section 10003 .
  • receiving side device characteristic setting section 10009 supplies the colorimetric input/output characteristic of the image display apparatus of image display section 10010 , which is a color control parameter, to received image processing section 10003 .
  • Image capturing section 10006 supplies signal V i of the captured image to transmit image processing section 10004 .
  • Transmit image processing section 10004 sends signal V i of the captured image to the receiving side through download type transmission path 10011 or packet type transmission path 10012 and supplies it to received image processing section 10003 .
  • Received image processing section 10003 estimates spectral reflectance of the object from signal V i of the received captured image based on the colorimetric input/output characteristic of the image capturing apparatus sent from transmitting side device characteristic setting section 10005 .
  • the spectral reflectance is converted to colorimetric value XYZ using the color matching function sent from receiving side color matching function setting section 10001 and spectral distribution of illumination sent from receiving side visual environment setting section 10002 .
  • Display system reverse direction model 10013 converts colorimetric value XYZ to signal Vo for the display apparatus based on the colorimetric input/output characteristic of the image display apparatus given from receiving side device characteristic setting section 10009 . Then, display system reverse direction model 10013 delivers signal Vo for the display apparatus to image display section 10010 .
  • Embodiment 8 can provide a color management apparatus capable of appropriately operating each processing section to achieve color reproduction target # 4 and color reproduction task assignment # 3 .
  • a configuration of the color management apparatus applicable to color reproduction target # 2 and color reproduction task assignment # 3 can be simply understood in this embodiment. That is, as shown in Table 1, since the spectral distribution of illumination is on the receiving side and the color matching function is on the transmitting side according to color reproduction target # 2 , XYZ in received image processing section 10003 is calculated using the information from transmitting side color matching function setting section 10001 and receiving side visual environment setting section 10002 .
  • a configuration of the color management apparatus applicable to color reproduction target # 3 and color reproduction task assignment # 3 can be simply understood in this embodiment. That is, as shown in Table 1, since the spectral distribution of illumination is on the transmitting side and the color matching function is on the receiving side according to color reproduction target # 3 , XYZ in received image processing section 10003 is calculated using the information from transmitting side visual environment setting section 10015 and receiving side color matching function setting section 10001 .
  • the above-described color management apparatus can also be constructed so that each function is implemented by a processor that executes a program or only sections requiring high-speed processing can be made up of hardware.
  • the present invention allows the transmitting side and receiving side to share a common target of color reproduction and exchange the device characteristic, color matching function and visual environment information according to task assignment of color reproduction pursuant with target of color reproduction, thus making it possible to provide a color management apparatus and color management system which can flexibly meet a plurality of color reproduction targets and color reproduction tasks assigned.

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US10395351B2 (en) 2011-04-08 2019-08-27 Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation Image range expansion control methods and apparatus

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