EP0098487A2 - Aqueous emulsion of (hetero)aromatic insaturated ketones - Google Patents
Aqueous emulsion of (hetero)aromatic insaturated ketones Download PDFInfo
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- EP0098487A2 EP0098487A2 EP83106206A EP83106206A EP0098487A2 EP 0098487 A2 EP0098487 A2 EP 0098487A2 EP 83106206 A EP83106206 A EP 83106206A EP 83106206 A EP83106206 A EP 83106206A EP 0098487 A2 EP0098487 A2 EP 0098487A2
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- formula
- alkyl
- ketones
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- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 title abstract description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical group CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- BWHOZHOGCMHOBV-BQYQJAHWSA-N trans-benzylideneacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 BWHOZHOGCMHOBV-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- BWHOZHOGCMHOBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzalacetone Natural products CC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 BWHOZHOGCMHOBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005037 alkyl phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims 1
- -1 heteroaromatic ketone Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- AJAZMOFONMJGNP-WMZOPIPTSA-N n-[(2s)-4-methyl-1-oxo-1-[[(2s)-3-oxo-4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfonylamino)butan-2-yl]amino]pentan-2-yl]-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C([C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C=1OC2=CC=CC=C2C=1)CC(C)C)CNS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 AJAZMOFONMJGNP-WMZOPIPTSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Tridecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCO XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001640117 Callaeum Species 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010016275 Fear Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004435 Oxo alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/22—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of zinc
Definitions
- Certain (hetero) aromatic unsaturated ketones have long been known as effective top gloss agents in acidic galvanic zinc baths. It is disadvantageous, however, that this class of compounds has melting points of mostly below 80 ° C., often below 50 ° C., which makes processing and metering difficult.
- the main product used in this class of compounds is benzalacetone, as is apparent, for example, from GB-PS 1 149 106 or US-PS 4 049 510. This compound has a melting point of 39 o to 41 0 C. Small impurities can also push the melting point below.
- the aim of the invention was a dosable form for the above ketones, by the measures the discovery - causes not show named disadvantages, and at least the same in galvanic acidic zinc baths effects, such as the product used in non-emulsified form. This goal has been achieved with aqueous emulsions as defined in claims 1 to 5.
- the emulsions according to the invention have proven to be stable at higher and lower temperatures. As a result, they can be delivered directly from the manufacturer to the end user, who can then meter them into the galvanic baths without any effort.
- the emulsions are prepared in a simple manner by emulsifying the ketone of the formula I in the molten state, expediently at 40 ° to 80 ° C. in water and in the presence of the emulsifier according to the definition, and allowing the emulsion formed to cool.
- Suitable ketones are compounds of the general formula I, it being essential that the melting point of the ketone to be emulsified is below 80 ° C., preferably below 50 ° C.
- the following ketones are considered as preferred ketones:
- emulsifiers are 30- to 70-fold ethoxylated, optionally hydrogenated castor oil and / or nonionic surfactants of the formula II A is therein an ethylene oxide or 1,2-propylene oxide radical and n is preferably 10 to 60. It is preferably an ethylene oxide radical. n depends on the number of carbon atoms in the radical R, a ratio of the number of carbon atoms in R to the number of carbon atoms in the alkylene oxide units of 1: 1 to 1: 8 being chosen.
- R represents an alkylphenyl radical as defined, the alkyl and phenyl carbon atoms are added together when determining this ratio.
- R is C 8 to C 20 alkyl, preferably C 9 to C 18 alkyl.
- Alkoxylates of n-decanol, dodecanol, tridecanol, natural fatty alcohols, octadecanol and mixtures thereof and then of synthetic alcohol mixtures such as C 9 / C 11 and C 13 / C 15 -C 16 / C 18 oxo alcohols may be mentioned as particularly preferred .
- RC 4 further denotes C 12 -alkylphenyl, preferably the octyl, nonyl or dodecylphenyl radical.
- R also means a saturated or unsaturated acyl radical having 8 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the surfactants should be present as a mixture in which the aforementioned ethoxylate is present in a maximum of 50% by weight.
- the rest preferably consists of surfactants in which RC is 8 to C 20 alkyl or C 4 to C 12 alkylphenyl.
- the emulsions according to the invention preferably contain 5 to 60, especially 15 to 50% by weight of the ketone and 1 to 30, especially more than 5% by weight of the emulsifiers, in each case based on the emulsions.
- the rest is water, which is preferably fully desalinated.
- the emulsions according to the invention can easily be added to acidic galvanic zinc baths. It has been shown that the emulsions achieve at least as good galvanizing as with the corresponding ketone, which was used in the previous form, but often also better in terms of gloss, since the emulsifier used itself has a positive effect in the bath with regard to ductility that can cause coatings.
- the emulsions are generally added to the zinc baths in an amount such that the baths contain 0.1 to 2.0 g / l of ketone.
- mixtures are also effective, and in some cases even increases in the stability of the emulsions can be achieved.
- at least 50% by weight, based on the mixtures, of surfactants which are 10 to 60 times ethoxylated are preferably present in the mixtures.
- the acidic galvanic zinc baths otherwise contain the usual additives. They contain e.g. 50 to 150 g / 1 zinc chloride or the equivalent amount of zinc sulfate, 100 to 250 g / l potassium chloride, 15 to 25 g / 1 boric acid, 1 to 8 g / 1 sodium benzoate and often 1 to 4 g / l naphthalenesulfonic acid / formaldehyde condensation products .
- nonionic surfactants can also be used; However, this addition is not always necessary, since the emulsions according to the invention are by definition based on nonionic surfactants. Use will be necessary if the emulsions have very low emulsifier contents.
- the zinc baths should expediently contain a total amount of 4 to 15 g / l of nonionic surfactants.
- Certain acidic zinc baths can also contain 10 to 100 g / l ammonium chloride or NaCl and 1 to 10 g / l polyethyleneimine.
- a certain amount of water is introduced and a mixture of a certain amount of surfactant and ketone benzalacetone is added at 50 ° C. After stirring for 5 minutes, the emulsion is left to stand and its stability is assessed at different storage temperatures at intervals of 24 hours each. A time interval is called "cycle" in the following.
- An emulsion is considered to be sufficiently stable if it has a grade of 3 over more than 2 cycles.
- a sheet 1 is run for 10 minutes in the Hull cell with 1A.
- a plate 2 (comparison) is also run for 10 minutes in the Hull cell with 1A, but 4 ml / l of a 10% benzalacetone solution in methanol are added to the bath.
- Sheet 1 has a uniformly glossy surface from the high to the low current density range. The coating is more even and ductile than with sheet 2.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
Abstract
Wäßrige Emulsion von (hetero)aromatischen ungesättigten Ketonen, enthaltend als Emulgator 30- bis 70fach ethoxyliertes, gegebenenfalls hydriertes Ricinusöl und/ oder mindestens ein Tensid der Formel
Description
Bestimmte (hetero)aromatische ungesättigte Ketone sind schon seit langer Zeit als wirksame Spitzenglanzmittel in sauren galvanischen Zinkbädern bekannt. Nachteilig ist es aber, daß diese Verbindungsklasse Schmelzpunkte von meistens unter 80°C, häufig unter 50°C aufweist, wodurch die Verarbeitung und Dosierung Schwierigkeiten bereitet. Das hauptsächlich verwendete Produkt dieser Verbindungsklasse ist Benzalaceton, wie beispielsweise aus der GB-PS 1 149 106 oder der US-PS 4 049 510 hervorgeht. Diese Verbindung besitzt einen Schmelzpunkt von 39o bis 410C. Geringe Verunreinigungen können den Schmelzpunkt auch darunter drücken. Es ist z.B. nicht möglich, bei Raumtemperatur nichtklebende freifließende und damit leicht dosierbare Pulver herzustellen - die an sich mögliche Herstellung von Granulaten scheidet aus, da die hierfür erforderlichen Granulierhilfsmittel den Galvanisierprozeß stören würden -, und man ist daher gezwungen, entweder eine Schmelze herzustellen oder aber das Benzalaceton in organischen Lösungsmitteln zu lösen, um es in einer dieser Formen dosieren und handhaben zu können. Beide Methoden sind aber insofern von Nachteil, als sie wegen der hohen Energiekosten bzw. der Materialkosten (organische Lösungsmittel) den Einsatz des Benzalacetons nicht unwesentlich verteuern. Es kommt noch hinzu, daß der Einsatz von Lösungsmitteln bezüglich ihrer Auswahl großer Sorgfalt bedarf, da diese in den Zinkbädern unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen haben können.Certain (hetero) aromatic unsaturated ketones have long been known as effective top gloss agents in acidic galvanic zinc baths. It is disadvantageous, however, that this class of compounds has melting points of mostly below 80 ° C., often below 50 ° C., which makes processing and metering difficult. The main product used in this class of compounds is benzalacetone, as is apparent, for example, from GB-PS 1 149 106 or US-PS 4 049 510. This compound has a melting point of 39 o to 41 0 C. Small impurities can also push the melting point below. For example, it is not possible to produce free-flowing powders that are non-sticky and therefore easy to dose at room temperature - the production of granules, which is possible per se, is ruled out, since the granulation aids required for this would interfere with the electroplating process - and one is therefore forced to either produce a melt or else to dissolve the benzal acetone in organic solvents in order to be able to dose and handle it in one of these forms. Both methods are disadvantageous insofar as they make the use of benzalacetone significantly more expensive due to the high energy costs and material costs (organic solvents). In addition, the use of solvents requires great care with regard to their selection, since these can have undesirable side effects in the zinc baths.
Das Ziel der Erfindung war die Auffindung einer dosierbaren Form für die obengenannten Ketone, die die vorge- nannten Nachteile nicht zeigt, und die in galvanischen, sauren Zinkbädern mindestens dieselben Effekte bewirkt, wie das in nicht emulgierter Form eingesetzte Produkt. Dieses Ziel wurde mit wäßrigen Emulsionen erreicht, wie in den Patentansprüchen 1 bis 5 definiert ist.The aim of the invention was a dosable form for the above ketones, by the measures the discovery - causes not show named disadvantages, and at least the same in galvanic acidic zinc baths effects, such as the product used in non-emulsified form. This goal has been achieved with aqueous emulsions as defined in claims 1 to 5.
Daß diese Form den Erfolg brachte, war insofern überraschend, als man nicht erwarten konnte, daß solche Emulsionen über einen breiten Temperaturbereich stabil sein würden. Man mußte eher annehmen, daß unterhalb des Schmelzpunktes die Emulsion bricht und vor allem, daß sie auch nicht gefrier/taustabil ist, d.h. in der kalten Jahreszeit - wenn sie im Freien gelagert wird - zusammenbricht.The success of this form was surprising in that one could not expect such emulsions to be stable over a wide range of temperatures. One would have had to assume that the emulsion breaks below the melting point and, above all, that it is also not freeze / thaw stable, i.e. in the cold season - when stored outdoors - collapses.
Entgegen diesen Befürchtungen haben sich die erfindungsgemäßen Emulsionen bei höheren und tieferen Temperaturen als stabil erwiesen. Sie können dadurch direkt vom Hersteller an die Endverbraucher geliefert werden, die sie dann ohne Aufwand in die galvanischen Bäder eindosieren können.Contrary to these fears, the emulsions according to the invention have proven to be stable at higher and lower temperatures. As a result, they can be delivered directly from the manufacturer to the end user, who can then meter them into the galvanic baths without any effort.
Die Emulsionen stellt man in einfacher Weise dadurch her, daß man das Keton der Formel I in geschmolzenem Zustand, zweckmäßigerweise bei 40° bis 80°C in Wasser und in Gegenwart des definitionsgemäßen Emulgators emulgiert und die gebildete Emulsion abkühlen läßt.The emulsions are prepared in a simple manner by emulsifying the ketone of the formula I in the molten state, expediently at 40 ° to 80 ° C. in water and in the presence of the emulsifier according to the definition, and allowing the emulsion formed to cool.
Als Ketone kommen Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel I in Betracht, wobei wesentlich ist, daß der Schmelzpunkt des zu emulgierenden Ketons unter 80°C, vorzugsweise unter 50°C liegt. Als bevorzugte Ketone kommen neben Benzalaceton folgende Ketone in Betracht:
Emulgatoren im Sinne der Erfindung sind 30- bis 70-fach ethoxyliertes, ggf. hydriertes Ricinusöl und/oder nichtionische Tenside der Formel II
Wenn R einen definitionsgemäßen Alkylphenylrest darstellt, so werden bei der Bestimmung dieses Verhältnisses die Alkyl- und Phenyl-C-Atome zusammengezählt.If R represents an alkylphenyl radical as defined, the alkyl and phenyl carbon atoms are added together when determining this ratio.
R ist im erfindungsgemäßen Sinne C8- bis C20-Alkyl, vorzugsweise C9- bis C18-Alkyl. Als besonders bevorzugt seien Alkoxylate des n-Decanols, Dodecanols, Tridecanols, natürlicher Fettalkohole, Octadecanols sowie deren Gemischen und sodann von synthetischen Alkoholgemischen, wie der C9/C11 und C13/C15-C16/C18-Oxoalkohole, genannt.In the sense of the invention, R is C 8 to C 20 alkyl, preferably C 9 to C 18 alkyl. Alkoxylates of n-decanol, dodecanol, tridecanol, natural fatty alcohols, octadecanol and mixtures thereof and then of synthetic alcohol mixtures such as C 9 / C 11 and C 13 / C 15 -C 16 / C 18 oxo alcohols may be mentioned as particularly preferred .
Weiter bedeutet R C4- bis C12-Alkylphenyl, vorzugsweise den Octyl-, Nonyl- oder Dodecylphenylrest.RC 4 further denotes C 12 -alkylphenyl, preferably the octyl, nonyl or dodecylphenyl radical.
Schließlich bedeutet R auch einen gesättigten oder ungesättigten Acylrest mit 8 bis 20 C-Atomen. In diesem Falle sollen die Tenside als Gemisch vorliegen, in dem das vorgenannte Ethoxylat zu höchstens 50 Gew.% vorliegt. Der Rest besteht vorzugsweise aus Tensiden, bei denen R C8- bis C20-Alkyl oder C4- bis C12-Alkylphenyl bedeutet.Finally, R also means a saturated or unsaturated acyl radical having 8 to 20 carbon atoms. In this case, the surfactants should be present as a mixture in which the aforementioned ethoxylate is present in a maximum of 50% by weight. The rest preferably consists of surfactants in which RC is 8 to C 20 alkyl or C 4 to C 12 alkylphenyl.
Die Herstellung der Alkoxylate gehört zum Fachwissen des Chemikers und bedarf daher keiner speziellen Erläuterung.The production of the alkoxylates is part of the specialist knowledge of the chemist and therefore requires no special explanation.
In den Emulsionen gemäß der Erfindung sind das Keton vorzugsweise zu 5 bis 60, speziell 15 bis 50 Gew.% und die Emulgatoren zu 1 bis 30, speziell über 5 Gew.% - jeweils bezogen auf die Emulsionen - enthalten. Der Rest ist Wasser, das vorzugsweise vollentsalzt ist.The emulsions according to the invention preferably contain 5 to 60, especially 15 to 50% by weight of the ketone and 1 to 30, especially more than 5% by weight of the emulsifiers, in each case based on the emulsions. The rest is water, which is preferably fully desalinated.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Emulsionen können ohne weiteres sauren galvanischen Zinkbädern zugesetzt werden. Es hat sich gezeigte daß mit den Emulsionen zumindest gleich gute Verzinkungen erzielt werden, wie mit dem entsprechendem Keton, das in der bisherigen Form eingesetzt wurde, häufig aber hinsichtlich des Glanzes auch bessere, da der eingesetzte Emulgator selbst eine positive Wirkung im Bad hinsichtlich der Duktilität der Überzüge bewirken kann. Die Emulsionen werden im allgemeinen den Zinkbädern in einer Menge zugesetzt, daß die Bäder 0,1 bis 2,0 g/l an Keton enthalten.The emulsions according to the invention can easily be added to acidic galvanic zinc baths. It has been shown that the emulsions achieve at least as good galvanizing as with the corresponding ketone, which was used in the previous form, but often also better in terms of gloss, since the emulsifier used itself has a positive effect in the bath with regard to ductility that can cause coatings. The emulsions are generally added to the zinc baths in an amount such that the baths contain 0.1 to 2.0 g / l of ketone.
Auch andere Gemische sind wirksam, wobei in einigen Fällen sogar noch Steigerungen bezüglich der Stabilität der Emulsionen erreicht werden können. Hierbei sind in den Mischungen vorzugsweise mindestens 50 Gew.% - bezogen auf die Mischungen - an Tensiden anwesend, die 10- bis 60-fach ethoxyliert sind.Other mixtures are also effective, and in some cases even increases in the stability of the emulsions can be achieved. Here, at least 50% by weight, based on the mixtures, of surfactants which are 10 to 60 times ethoxylated are preferably present in the mixtures.
Die sauren galvanischen Zinkbäder enthalten ansonsten die üblichen anzuwendenden Zusätze. Sie enthalten z.B. 50 bis 150 g/1 Zinkchlorid oder die äquivalente Menge an Zinksulfat, 100 bis 250 g/l Kaliumchlorid, 15 bis 25 g/1 Borsäure, 1 bis 8 g/1 Natriumbenzoat und häufig 1 bis 4 g/l Naphthalinsulfonsäure/Formaldehyd-Kondensationsprodukte.The acidic galvanic zinc baths otherwise contain the usual additives. They contain e.g. 50 to 150 g / 1 zinc chloride or the equivalent amount of zinc sulfate, 100 to 250 g / l potassium chloride, 15 to 25 g / 1 boric acid, 1 to 8 g / 1 sodium benzoate and often 1 to 4 g / l naphthalenesulfonic acid / formaldehyde condensation products .
Außerdem können noch nichtionische Tenside zusätzlich eingesetzt werden; notwendig ist dieser Zusatz jedoch nicht immer, da ja die erfindungsgemäßen Emulsionen definitionsgemäß auf nicntionischen Tensiden basieren. Der Einsatz wird dann nötig sein, wenn die Emulsionen sehr niedrige Emulgatorgehalte aufweisen. Die Zinkbäder sollen zweckmäßigerweise auf jeden Fall eine Gesamtmenge von 4 bis 15 g/l an nichtionischen Tensiden enthalten.In addition, nonionic surfactants can also be used; However, this addition is not always necessary, since the emulsions according to the invention are by definition based on nonionic surfactants. Use will be necessary if the emulsions have very low emulsifier contents. The zinc baths should expediently contain a total amount of 4 to 15 g / l of nonionic surfactants.
Bestimmte saure Zinkbäder können auch 10 bis 100 g/l Ammoniumchlorid oder NaCl und 1 bis 10 g/l Polyethylenimin enthalten.'Certain acidic zinc baths can also contain 10 to 100 g / l ammonium chloride or NaCl and 1 to 10 g / l polyethyleneimine.
In den nun folgenden Beispielen soll die Erfindung näher erläutert werden.The invention will be explained in more detail in the following examples.
In den folgenden Beispielen werden die Eigenschaften der Emulsionen mit verschiedenen Tensiden bzw. Tensidgemsischen dargestellt. Mit ⊕ gekennzeichnete Beispiele dienen dem Vergleich.The properties of the emulsions with various surfactants or surfactant mixtures are shown in the following examples. Examples marked with ⊕ are for comparison.
Man legt eine bestimmte Wassermenge vor und gibt bei 50°C ein Gemisch aus einer bestimmten Menge Tensid und als Keton Benzalaceton zu. Nach 5-minütigem Rühren wird die Emulsion stehengelassen und bei verschiedenen Lagertemperaturen in Zeitabständen von je 24 Stunden deren Stabilität beurteilt. Ein Zeitabstand wird im folgenden "Zyclus" genannt.A certain amount of water is introduced and a mixture of a certain amount of surfactant and ketone benzalacetone is added at 50 ° C. After stirring for 5 minutes, the emulsion is left to stand and its stability is assessed at different storage temperatures at intervals of 24 hours each. A time interval is called "cycle" in the following.
Als Bewertungsnoten gelten
- 1 = Keine Emulsionsbildung
- 2 = Emulsionsbildung, jedoch rasche Aufrahmung
- 3 = stabile Emulsion
- 1 = No emulsion formation
- 2 = emulsion formation, but rapid creaming
- 3 = stable emulsion
Als ausreichend lagerstabil gilt eine Emulsion, wenn sie über mehr als 2 Zyklen die Note 3 aufweist.An emulsion is considered to be sufficiently stable if it has a grade of 3 over more than 2 cycles.
Die Ergebnisse sind in der folgenden Tabelle 1 zusammengestellt.
- Hierbei bedeuten WS = Benzalaceton, HM = Emulgator,
- EO = Ethylenoxid, T = Lagertemperatur
- Z = Zahl der Zyklen
- Here WS = benzalacetone, HM = emulsifier,
- EO = ethylene oxide, T = storage temperature
- Z = number of cycles
In einem galvanischen Bad folgender Zusammensetzung:
werden 1,3 g/l einer Benzalaceton-Emulsion nach Beispiel 9 zugegeben.1.3 g / l of a benzalacetone emulsion according to Example 9 are added.
Ein Blech 1 wird 10 Min. in der Hullzelle mit 1A gefahren.A sheet 1 is run for 10 minutes in the Hull cell with 1A.
Ein Blech 2 (Vergleich) wird ebenfalls 10 Min in der Hullzelle mit 1A gefahren, jedoch werden dem Bad 4 ml/l einer 10%igen Benzalaceton-Lösung in Methanol zugegeben.A plate 2 (comparison) is also run for 10 minutes in the Hull cell with 1A, but 4 ml / l of a 10% benzalacetone solution in methanol are added to the bath.
Blech 1 besitzt eine gleichmäßig glänzende Oberfläche vom hohen bis zum niedrigen Stromdichtebereich. Der Überzug ist gleichmäßiger und duktiler als bei Blech 2.Sheet 1 has a uniformly glossy surface from the high to the low current density range. The coating is more even and ductile than with sheet 2.
Analog der Verfahrensweise in den Beispielen 1 bis 20 lassen sich die in der Tabelle 2 näher beschriebenen Emulsionen herstellen. Deren Wirkung in galvanischen sauren Zink-Bäder ist vergleichbar der Wirkung der in methanolischer Lösung eingesetzten Produkte.The emulsions described in more detail in Table 2 can be prepared analogously to the procedure in Examples 1 to 20. Their effect in galvanic acidic zinc baths is comparable to the effect of the products used in methanolic solution.
Emulsionen von
Claims (6)
oder diese Ketone enthaltender Rohprodukte, die bei der Herstellung der Ketone anfallen, enthaltend als Emulgatoren nichtionische Tenside auf der Basis von alkoxylierten Verbindungen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Tensid
in der R einen C8- bis C20-Alkylrest, C4- bis C12-Alkylphenylrest oder einen aliphatischen gesättigten oder ungesättigten C8- bis C22-Acylrest mit der Maßgabe bedeucen, daß im Falle R = C8- bis C22-Acylrest das Tensid b zu höchstens 50 Gew.% - bezogen auf den Gesamttensid- gehalt eingesetzt wird, A für eine Ethylenoxid- und/ oder 1,2-Propylenoxid-Einheit und n für 3 bis 60 mit der Maßgabe stehen, daß das Verhältnis der Zahl der C-Atome im Rest R zu der Zahl der C-Atome in den n Resten A 1:1 bis 1:8 beträgt.1. Aqueous emulsion of an aromatic or heteroaromatic ketone of the formula
or raw products containing these ketones, which are obtained in the manufacture of the ketones, containing nonionic surfactants based on alkoxylated compounds as emulsifiers, characterized in that the surfactant
in which R is a C 8 - to C 20 -alkyl radical, C 4 - to C 12 -alkylphenyl radical or an aliphatic saturated or unsaturated C 8 - to C 22 -acyl radical with the proviso that in the case R = C 8 - to C 22 -acyl residue to surfactant b at most 50% by weight - based on the total surfactant content, A stands for an ethylene oxide and / or 1,2-propylene oxide unit and n stands for 3 to 60 with the proviso that the ratio of the number of carbon atoms in the radical R to the number of carbon atoms in the n radicals A is 1: 1 to 1: 8.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19823225156 DE3225156A1 (en) | 1982-07-06 | 1982-07-06 | AQUEOUS EMULSION OF (HETERO) AROMATIC, UNSATURATED KETONES |
| DE3225156 | 1982-07-06 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0098487A2 true EP0098487A2 (en) | 1984-01-18 |
| EP0098487A3 EP0098487A3 (en) | 1984-09-26 |
Family
ID=6167699
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP83106206A Withdrawn EP0098487A3 (en) | 1982-07-06 | 1983-06-25 | Aqueous emulsion of (hetero)aromatic insaturated ketones |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0098487A3 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5920487A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3225156A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4205844A1 (en) * | 1992-02-26 | 1993-09-02 | Sandoz Ag | CONDENSATES AND THEIR USE AS OXALKYLATION AGENTS |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0454628Y2 (en) * | 1985-06-03 | 1992-12-22 |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4075066A (en) * | 1977-01-27 | 1978-02-21 | R. O. Hull & Company, Inc. | Electroplating zinc, ammonia-free acid zinc plating bath therefor and additive composition therefor |
| US4146441A (en) * | 1977-10-06 | 1979-03-27 | R. O. Hull & Company, Inc. | Additive compositions, baths, and methods for electrodepositing bright zinc deposits |
-
1982
- 1982-07-06 DE DE19823225156 patent/DE3225156A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1983
- 1983-06-25 EP EP83106206A patent/EP0098487A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1983-07-04 JP JP58120426A patent/JPS5920487A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4205844A1 (en) * | 1992-02-26 | 1993-09-02 | Sandoz Ag | CONDENSATES AND THEIR USE AS OXALKYLATION AGENTS |
| US5405980A (en) * | 1992-02-26 | 1995-04-11 | Sandoz Ltd. | Condensates and their use as oxyalkylation adjuvants |
| US5621148A (en) * | 1992-02-26 | 1997-04-15 | Sandoz Ltd. | Condensates and their use as oxyalkylation adjuvants |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0098487A3 (en) | 1984-09-26 |
| JPS5920487A (en) | 1984-02-02 |
| DE3225156A1 (en) | 1984-01-12 |
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