EP2703280B2 - Weapon clearing device for clearing weapons, such as mines, underwater, unmanned submarine with weapon clearing device and method for same - Google Patents
Weapon clearing device for clearing weapons, such as mines, underwater, unmanned submarine with weapon clearing device and method for same Download PDFInfo
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- EP2703280B2 EP2703280B2 EP13192782.4A EP13192782A EP2703280B2 EP 2703280 B2 EP2703280 B2 EP 2703280B2 EP 13192782 A EP13192782 A EP 13192782A EP 2703280 B2 EP2703280 B2 EP 2703280B2
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ordnance
- clearance apparatus
- disposal device
- explosive ordnance
- underwater vehicle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- B63G7/00—Mine-sweeping; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63G7/02—Mine-sweeping means, Means for destroying mines
Definitions
- the invention relates to an explosive ordnance disposal device for clearing explosive ordnance, such as sea mines or ammunition sunk in waters, underwater by detonating the explosive ordnance.
- the invention also relates to an unmanned underwater vehicle with such an explosive ordnance disposal device.
- the invention relates to a corresponding method for clearing explosive ordnance using such an explosive ordnance disposal device.
- unmanned underwater vehicles are used as mine destruction drones, such as the unmanned underwater vehicles sold by the applicant under the brands "Seefuchs" or "Seafox".
- Shaped charges with only a small amount of explosives e.g. one to two kilos, are built into such mine destruction drones.
- the mine destruction drone is driven directly up to the object to be destroyed for mine destruction or general ordnance disposal.
- the shaped charge is then ignited inside the underwater vehicle, blowing up the underwater vehicle together with the object.
- This method is highly efficient and also requires only a small amount of explosives. However, the method is costly, since an underwater vehicle is lost with each use.
- the US$3,880,103 discloses a wired mine detection system which consists of an aircraft connected to a light module via a cable, the light module in turn being connected to an underwater vehicle via a cable.
- the underwater vehicle can deposit an explosive charge for neutralization near a mine using a robotic arm.
- the GB 2 234 203 A discloses an underwater weapon for mine clearance, which is gripped by a remote-controlled underwater vehicle using a gripper arm and transported to a mine and pressed against this mine for fixation.
- the invention is based on the problem of making underwater explosive ordnance clearance more cost-effective without significantly increasing the amount of explosives required.
- the use of conventional unmanned underwater vehicles, in particular conventional mine-clearing drones, should be made possible without changing their design.
- the invention solves this problem with an explosive ordnance disposal device according to claim 1, an unmanned underwater vehicle with such an explosive ordnance disposal device according to claim 12 and by a method for clearing explosive ordnance using such an explosive ordnance disposal device according to claim 13.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that the use of small explosive charges requires the explosive charge to be positioned precisely on the munition. Only if the explosive charge is positioned precisely will a small amount of explosive be sufficient to destroy the munition.
- the invention is based on the further finding that, due to the use of small underwater vehicles, the self-trimming of the underwater vehicle can be permanently negatively influenced if the clearance charge is separated from the underwater vehicle. Inadequate self-trimming, however, leads either to the loss of the underwater vehicle because it can no longer be controlled, or to time-consuming re-trimming, which significantly extends mission durations.
- the explosive ordnance disposal device is not an integral part of an underwater vehicle, but merely as an attachment for an unmanned underwater vehicle. The underwater vehicle thus only serves as a transport vehicle for the actual explosive ordnance disposal device, which is detached from the underwater vehicle at the explosive ordnance.
- the explosive ordnance disposal device has means for detachably connecting it to the underwater vehicle.
- the explosive ordnance disposal device is thus separated from the underwater vehicle in the area of the explosive ordnance, so that the underwater vehicle can move away from the danger zone before the explosive ordnance is detonated.
- the explosive ordnance disposal device has a holding device for fixing the explosive ordnance disposal device to the explosive ordnance.
- a holding device for fixing ensures that the explosive ordnance disposal device remains in the correct position and alignment with respect to the explosive ordnance, even if the unmanned underwater vehicle has moved away from the explosive ordnance and the explosive ordnance disposal device is exposed to a current, for example.
- the exact alignment of the explosive ordnance disposal device with respect to the explosive ordnance advantageously enables the use of only small quantities of explosives, which is advantageous for the reasons already mentioned above with regard to the safety requirements when storing and transporting explosives.
- the means for detachably connecting the explosive ordnance disposal device to an unmanned underwater vehicle and the holding device are designed such that when the holding device for fixing the explosive ordnance disposal device to the explosive device is activated, the means for detachably connecting are activated at the same time, so that a mechanical connection of the explosive ordnance disposal device to the unmanned underwater vehicle is released.
- Such simultaneous attachment of the explosive ordnance disposal device to the ordnance and detachment of the explosive ordnance disposal device from the unmanned watercraft enables the use of conventional unmanned underwater vehicles, in particular conventional mine-destruction drones, without having to change their design. Instead, the explosive ordnance disposal device is simply attached to the underwater vehicle. When the holding device for securing the explosive ordnance disposal device to the ordnance is activated, the explosive ordnance disposal device is simultaneously released from the underwater vehicle so that the underwater vehicle can be brought to a safe distance from the ordnance.
- the volume of the explosive ordnance disposal device is selected in such a way that the buoyancy force acting on the explosive ordnance disposal device underwater compensates for the gravity acting on the explosive ordnance disposal device.
- the explosive ordnance disposal device is therefore buoyancy-neutral. Detaching the explosive ordnance disposal device from the underwater vehicle does not lead to a change in the (positive or negative) buoyancy of the underwater vehicle. The underwater vehicle can therefore be controlled without any problems even after the explosive ordnance disposal device has been detaching from the underwater vehicle.
- the invention thus advantageously enables the use of small, unmanned underwater vehicles that do not require complex equipment for buoyancy neutralization or trimming.
- the invention thus creates a possibility for the use of small, inexpensive underwater vehicles that can be reused after use, since the actual explosive ordnance disposal device is separate from the underwater vehicle and can be separated.
- a clearing charge containing explosives and/or a decoy device for simulating the properties of ships or submarines with an ordnance disposal device according to the invention attached to an unmanned underwater vehicle on the ordnance.
- a decoy device serves to deceive the detonator of a mine, which then activates its own ignition mechanism and thus blows itself up and clears itself.
- the explosive ordnance disposal device After the explosive ordnance disposal device with the clearing charge or decoy device has been placed, the explosive ordnance disposal device is detached from the unmanned underwater vehicle. The unmanned underwater vehicle is then brought to a distance from the explosive ordnance that is greater than or equal to a specified safety distance. The explosive charge and/or decoy device is then activated so that the explosive ordnance is detonated.
- the mass distribution within the explosive ordnance disposal device is selected such that, regardless of the orientation of the explosive ordnance disposal device in the water, no alignment moment acts on the explosive ordnance disposal device.
- the explosive ordnance disposal device is therefore designed in such a way that it is not only buoyancy-neutral, but that it remains in the water in any position or orientation without a torque acting on the explosive ordnance disposal device.
- the mass distribution is therefore advantageously selected in such a way that the resulting buoyancy force for the entire explosive ordnance disposal device acts at the same point as the resulting gravity acting on the entire explosive ordnance disposal device. In this way, detaching the explosive ordnance disposal device from the unmanned underwater vehicle does not cause a torque on the underwater vehicle that would have to be compensated by a trim change.
- the explosive ordnance disposal device has one or more clearing charges with a directional effect, in particular one or more shaped charges, and a detonator for igniting the clearing charge(s).
- the use of clearing charges with a directional effect increases the efficiency of the explosives used. This measure helps to keep the amount of explosives to be transported on board the mother ship low. This leads to low safety requirements when transporting and storing the explosive ordnance disposal devices on board the respective mother ship.
- the explosive ordnance disposal device has, alternatively or in addition to one or more clearing charges, a decoy device for simulating the properties of a ship or a submarine.
- a decoy device for simulating the properties of a ship or a submarine.
- Such decoy devices are advantageously acoustic or magnetic.
- Such a decoy device preferably has means for generating ship noises or submarine noises and thus simulates the presence of a ship or submarine in the area of a mine.
- the ignition mechanism provided in a mine reacts - depending on the design of the mine - to such noises and causes the mine to detonate. In this way, an explosive ordnance can be cleared using a decoy device without the use of additional explosives.
- such a decoy device has means for generating a magnetic field.
- detonation devices for sea mines react to changes in the earth's magnetic field caused by metal ship hulls or submarine hulls.
- a magnetic field sensor in the detonation mechanism of a sea mine can be deceived in such a way that it causes the sea mine to detonate.
- Such devices allow the explosive ordnance disposal device to be easily activated in order to detonate the ordnance.
- an electroacoustic transducer to receive an activation signal via an acoustic signal has cost advantages, as a complex radio buoy is not required. However, such an acoustic channel can be impaired due to temperature stratification or salinity stratification in the water.
- An ignition cable for receiving an activation signal is also a robust alternative, which is particularly suitable for short distances.
- a time-delayed ignition mechanism is a very cost-effective option, which is used in particular when it can be ensured that there is no danger to people or equipment within the detonation radius at the time of ignition.
- such a holding device for fixing the explosive ordnance disposal device to the ordnance comprises a nail gun, an electromagnet and/or a vacuum device.
- Such holding devices are advantageously activated by the explosive ordnance disposal device coming into contact with the explosive ordnance. Additionally or alternatively, such a holding device can be activated by metal sensors which signal that the explosive ordnance disposal device is located directly in the area of a mine or ammunition parts.
- the explosive ordnance disposal device can therefore be used cost-effectively as an attachment for a conventional unmanned underwater vehicle.
- the means for detachable connection and the holding device comprise at least one common integral unit which comprises the above-mentioned nail gun.
- the integral unit comprises a sleeve, a nail, a bolt, a cartridge, a cartridge ignition device and a holding member for a fastening means for fastening the explosive ordnance disposal device to the unmanned underwater vehicle.
- the holding member is connected to the bolt via a driver. Furthermore, the nail, the bolt and the cartridge are axially aligned with one another within the sleeve.
- the cartridge ignition device When the cartridge ignition device is activated, which occurs, for example, through contact between the explosive ordnance disposal device and the explosive ordnance or through a metal sensor, the cartridge drives the bolt against the nail so that the nail is driven into an end position in the sleeve in which it fastens the explosive ordnance disposal device to the explosive ordnance, and at the same time the holding member is moved from an initial position in which the holding member locks the fastening means to an end position in which the fastening means is released.
- the cartridge ignition device By activating the cartridge ignition device, a nail is driven into the explosive ordnance and at the same time the explosive ordnance disposal device is released from the unmanned underwater vehicle.
- Fig.1 shows an explosive ordnance disposal device 10, which is designed as an attachment for an unmanned underwater vehicle 12 and is detachably attached to this underwater vehicle 12.
- the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 is arranged detachably attached to the bow of the unmanned underwater vehicle 12, wherein the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 is fixed to the unmanned underwater vehicle with a fastening means 14 designed as an elastic band. Both ends of the elastic band 14 each engage an integral unit 16, 18 for providing both a holding device for fixing the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 to the explosive ordnance and means for detachably connecting the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 to the underwater vehicle 12. A middle section of the elastic band 14 engages a projection 20 on the unmanned underwater vehicle 12. Due to the elasticity of the band 14, the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 is thus pulled or pressed like a cap onto the bow of the unmanned underwater vehicle 12 and thus fixed to it.
- This attachment of the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 to the underwater vehicle 12 is, however, detachable.
- the elastic band 14 is released from the integral units 16, 18. In doing so, the connection between the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 and the underwater vehicle 12 is removed and the underwater vehicle can move away from the explosive ordnance disposal device.
- the integral units 16, 18 each comprise a holding device 22, 24 with which the explosive ordnance disposal device can be fixed to an explosive device, for example a mine 26.
- a mine 26 for example a mine 26.
- the mine is shown as an anchor mine. However, the mine can also be designed as a conventional bottom mine. Furthermore, the invention is not limited to the clearance of mines, but also relates to the clearance of ammunition.
- Fig.2 shows the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 from Fig.1 after activation of the holding devices 22, 24 on the mine 26.
- the holding devices are designed as nail guns which drive nails into the mine 26 by means of cartridges and use these nails to attach the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 to the mine 26.
- one or more hollow charges 28 are provided on the explosive ordnance disposal device 10, each of which forms a clearing charge with a directional effect.
- the direction of the clearing charge preferably points in the same direction as the longitudinal axis of the holding devices 22, 24, which in turn preferably runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the underwater vehicle when the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 is fixed to the underwater vehicle 12.
- the underwater vehicle 12 can be guided head-on towards a mine 26, whereby, as in Fig.1 shown, the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 is mounted on the bow of the underwater vehicle 12.
- the holding devices 22, 24 are activated so that the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 is attached to the mine 26.
- the elastic band 14 is released from the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 so that the unmanned underwater vehicle 12 can detach itself from the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 and be removed.
- a conventional unmanned underwater vehicle 12 can transport an explosive ordnance disposal device 10 designed as an attachment to an explosive device, e.g. the mine 26.
- the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 is then fixed to the mine 26 by contact of the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 with the mine 26 or by the above-mentioned significant approach.
- the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 is detached from the underwater vehicle 12 and the underwater vehicle 12 is brought to a distance from the explosive device that is greater than or equal to a predetermined safety distance.
- the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 then causes the explosive device 26 to be detonated by activating a clearance charge, e.g.
- detaching the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 from the underwater vehicle 12 does not cause any forces or torques on the underwater vehicle 12.
- the volume of the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 is selected such that the water displaced by this volume corresponds to the mass of the explosive ordnance disposal device 10. Due to this design, the buoyancy force acting on the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 underwater compensates for the gravity acting on the explosive ordnance disposal device 10. The explosive ordnance disposal device 10 is therefore buoyancy-neutral. Therefore, detaching the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 from the underwater vehicle 12 does not change the (positive or negative) buoyancy properties of the underwater vehicle 12. This makes a trim change of the underwater vehicle 12 after detaching the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 unnecessary.
- the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 is also designed in such a way that the buoyancy force acting on the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 underwater acts at the same place as the gravity acting on the explosive ordnance disposal device 10.
- the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 thus "floats" in any position or orientation, so that regardless of the orientation of the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 in the water, no alignment moments occur that would change the orientation of the explosive ordnance disposal device.
- Such a mass distribution within the explosive ordnance disposal device not only ensures that the holding devices 22, 24 are stressed as little as possible. Rather, such a mass distribution also means that after the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 is detached from the underwater vehicle 12, the underwater vehicle 12 does not have to be changed in terms of its trim, i.e. the underwater vehicle 12 does not have to be re-trimmed.
- the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 further comprises a radio buoy 30, which is connected via a line 32 to a detonator and/or a decoy device, which is/are housed in the explosive ordnance disposal device 10.
- the radio buoy is part of the explosive ordnance disposal device 10. However, it is released from the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 when the explosive ordnance disposal device is fixed to the ordnance (mine 26). At the same time, a buoyancy body is activated on the radio buoy, which provides buoyancy on the radio buoy. Alternatively, the radio buoy itself already provides buoyancy, which is compensated by the remaining part of the explosive ordnance disposal device 10.
- the radio buoy is used to receive an activation signal via a radio link from a control platform, e.g. a mother ship, which can be a minehunter, for example.
- a control platform e.g. a mother ship, which can be a minehunter, for example.
- Fig.3 illustrates the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 in a view from above, namely when fixed with the elastic band 14 to the projection 20 of the underwater vehicle 12.
- the basic construction of the integral units 16, 18 is shown in more detail.
- the means for detachable connection comprise in particular the elastic band 14 and a holding member 34, 36, which is arranged so as to be axially displaceable within a sleeve H1 or H2 of the integral unit 16 or 18.
- the elastic band 14 has at each of its ends a loop 38, 40 which grips around a holding member 34, 36.
- the holding members 34, 36 are initially located in a Fig.3 shown starting position, which enables such a gripping of the loops 38, 40. In this starting position, a section of each of the holding members 34, 36 protrudes from the respective sleeve-like integral units 16, 18.
- Each holding member 34 or 36 is connected to a bolt 42 or 44 via a driver 46 or 48. The driver 46 or 48 ensures that the respective holding member 34 or 36 moves together with the respective bolt 42 or 44.
- the bolt 42 or 44 is driven by a cartridge 50 or 52, which is ignited by a cartridge ignition device 54 or 56.
- the cartridge ignition device 54 or 56 is only shown schematically. These cartridge ignition devices 54, 56 are, for example, a trigger mechanism that is triggered when the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 comes into contact with an object and/or a metal detector.
- Firing of the cartridge 50 or 52 causes the bolt 42 or 44 to be driven.
- the bolt 42 or 44 moves to the left.
- Such a movement of the bolt 42, 44 ensures that a nail 58 or 60 is driven into an end position against a base plate 62 or 64 of the sleeve H1 or H2.
- the nails 58, 60 are strong enough to penetrate the steel casing of a mine or ammunition.
- Fig.4 shows the integral units 16, 18 after firing the cartridges 50, 52.
- the bolt 42 or 44 has driven the nail 58 or 60 into the body of the mine 26.
- the tip of the nail 58 or 60 expands during this process and thus ensures that the nail 58 or 60 cannot be pulled out of the mine 26 again.
- Fig.4 further illustrates that the holding members 34, 36 have been pulled into the interior of the respective integral unit 16 or 18 via the drivers 46 or 48.
- the loops 38, 40 of the elastic band 14 have lost their respective hold and thus the connection between the unmanned underwater vehicle 12 and the explosive ordnance disposal device 10 has been released.
- Fig.5 shows a further embodiment of an explosive ordnance disposal device 10', namely in a dashed representation when attached to a support frame on an underwater vehicle 12.
- this explosive ordnance disposal device 10' is placed in the area of a bottom mine 66.
- the explosive ordnance disposal device 10' has several, in particular three, legs 68, which give the explosive ordnance disposal device 10' a secure hold.
- this explosive ordnance disposal device 10' is only placed in the immediate area of the explosive ordnance, but not fixed to the explosive ordnance.
- Such a procedure is particularly advantageous when a bottom mine has already sunk into the sediment. In this case, it is more promising to arrange and detonate a clearing charge with directional effect as close as possible to the mine.
- the invention it is possible to use conventional unmanned underwater vehicles, in particular mine-hunting drones, for multiple uses, since the actual explosive ordnance disposal device is only intended as an attachment to the underwater vehicle. Therefore, only the explosive ordnance disposal device has to be sacrificed during each use, while the unmanned underwater vehicle is reusable.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kampfmittelräumgerät zum Räumen von Kampfmitteln, wie Seeminen oder in Gewässern versenkter Munition, unter Wasser durch Sprengung des Kampfmittels. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein unbemanntes Unterwasserfahrzeug mit einem derartigen Kampfmittelräumgerät. Schließlich betrifft die Erfindung ein entsprechendes Verfahren zum Räumen von Kampfmitteln unter Verwendung eines derartigen Kampfmittelräumgeräts.The invention relates to an explosive ordnance disposal device for clearing explosive ordnance, such as sea mines or ammunition sunk in waters, underwater by detonating the explosive ordnance. The invention also relates to an unmanned underwater vehicle with such an explosive ordnance disposal device. Finally, the invention relates to a corresponding method for clearing explosive ordnance using such an explosive ordnance disposal device.
In Gewässern befindliche Kampfmittel, wie Seeminen oder versenkte Munition stellen eine potentielle Gefahr für die Schifffahrt und die Umwelt dar. Derartige Kampfmittel finden sich oft auch Jahrzehnte nach einer kriegerischen Auseinandersetzung in Gewässern. Es besteht daher ein Bedürfnis zur effizienten, kostengünstigen und ungefährlichen Räumung derartiger Kampfmittel.Explosives in waters, such as sea mines or sunken ammunition, represent a potential danger to shipping and the environment. Such explosives are often found in waters decades after a military conflict. There is therefore a need for the efficient, cost-effective and safe removal of such explosives.
Herkömmlicherweise werden verschiedene Verfahren zur Räumung derartiger Kampfmittel eingesetzt:
- Ein technisch unaufwändiges, dafür jedoch gefährliches Verfahren sieht vor, dass Taucher das bzw. die entsprechenden Kampfmittelobjekte antauchen und
- eine Räumladung zum Sprengen der Objekte manuell an den Objekten anbringen. Dieses Verfahren ist jedoch einerseits für den Taucher gefährlich, da er unmittelbar mit dem Kampfmittel in Kontakt gelangt. Zum anderen ist der Einsatz von Tauchern begrenzt auf die maximale Tauchtiefe eines Tauchers. Tiefer liegende Kampfmittel können auf diese Weise daher nicht geräumt werden.
- A technically simple but dangerous procedure requires divers to approach the relevant munitions object(s) and
- attach a clearing charge to the objects manually to blow them up. However, this method is dangerous for the diver, as he comes into direct contact with the munitions. On the other hand, the use of divers is limited to the maximum diving depth of a diver. Explosives lying deeper cannot therefore be cleared in this way.
Ein weiteres Verfahren sieht vor, dass mittels unbemannter Unterwasserfahrzeuge eine Räumladung mittels eines am Unterwasserfahrzeug angebrachten Manipulators im Bereich des Kampfmittelobjekts abgelegt wird. Dieser Ansatz benötigt jedoch Räumladungen mit großen Mengen an Sprengstoffen, um die Kampfmittel wirksam beseitigen zu können. Oftmals weist eine einzige Räumladung bereits 30 bis 100 kg Sprengstoff auf, den das Unterwasserfahrzeug zum Kampfmittel transportieren und dort ablegen muss. Eine derartig große Masse an Sprengstoff hat jedoch insbesondere folgende Nachteile:
- Einerseits erfordert eine derartig hohe Masse aufwändige Trimmeinrichtungen am Unterwasserfahrzeug, da nach Ablegen der Räumladung die Trimmung des Unterwasserfahrzeugs nachhaltig beeinflusst ist. Dies führt dazu, dass auch das Unterwasserfahrzeug entsprechend groß und aufwändig auszuführen ist. Hierdurch verteuert sich nicht nur das Unterwasserfahrzeug, sondern diverse Zusatzeinrichtungen, wie bspw. an Bord eines Mutterschiffs vorgesehen Kräne und
- Lagerflächen, d.h. Unterbringungsmöglichkeiten an Bord des Mutterschiffes müssen ebenfalls entsprechend groß dimensioniert sein.
- On the one hand, such a high mass requires complex trimming devices on the underwater vehicle, since the trim of the underwater vehicle is permanently affected after the clearing load has been deposited. This means that the underwater vehicle must also be designed accordingly large and complex. This not only increases the cost of the underwater vehicle, but also of various additional devices, such as cranes and
- Storage areas, i.e. accommodation facilities on board the mother ship must also be suitably large.
Andererseits sind derart große Mengen an Sprengstoff in hohem Maß gefährlich, da bereits bei einer geringen Anzahl von Räumladungen tonnenweise Sprengstoff an Bord des Mutterschiffs geladen werden muss. Dies erfordert besonders hohe Sicherheitsvorkehrungen, welche die Kosten von Kampfmittelräumeinsätzen signifikant steigern.On the other hand, such large quantities of explosives are extremely dangerous, since even a small number of clearance charges require tons of explosives to be loaded on board the mother ship. This requires particularly high security precautions, which significantly increase the costs of explosive ordnance clearance operations.
Gemäß einem weiteren Verfahren werden unbemannte Unterwasserfahrzeuge als Minenvernichtungsdrohnen eingesetzt, wie bspw. die von der Anmelderin unter den Marken "Seefuchs" bzw. "Seafox" vertriebenen unbemannten Unterwasserfahrzeuge. In derartige Minenvernichtungsdrohnen sind Hohlladungen mit nur einer geringen Menge an Sprengstoff, bspw. ein bis zwei Kilo, eingebaut. Die Minenvernichtungsdrohne wird zur Minenvernichtung bzw. allgemeinen Kampfmittelbeseitigung unmittelbar an das zu vernichtende Objekt herangefahren. Sodann wird die Hohlladung innerhalb des Unterwasserfahrzeugs gezündet, wobei das Unterwasserfahrzeug zusammen mit dem Objekt gesprengt wird. Dieses Verfahren ist hoch effizient und benötigt darüber hinaus nur eine geringe Menge an Sprengstoff. Jedoch ist das Verfahren kostenaufwändig, da mit jedem Einsatz ein Unterwasserfahrzeug verloren geht.According to another method, unmanned underwater vehicles are used as mine destruction drones, such as the unmanned underwater vehicles sold by the applicant under the brands "Seefuchs" or "Seafox". Shaped charges with only a small amount of explosives, e.g. one to two kilos, are built into such mine destruction drones. The mine destruction drone is driven directly up to the object to be destroyed for mine destruction or general ordnance disposal. The shaped charge is then ignited inside the underwater vehicle, blowing up the underwater vehicle together with the object. This method is highly efficient and also requires only a small amount of explosives. However, the method is costly, since an underwater vehicle is lost with each use.
Die
Die
Nach alledem liegt der Erfindung das Problem zugrunde, die Kampfmittelräumung unter Wasser kostengünstiger zu gestalten, ohne dabei jedoch die erforderliche Menge an Sprengstoff wesentlich zu erhöhen. Zudem soll der Einsatz herkömmlicher unbemannter Unterwasserfahrzeuge, insbesondere von Minenvernichtungsdrohnen herkömmlicher Art, ohne dabei deren Konstruktion zu ändern, ermöglicht werden.In view of all of the above, the invention is based on the problem of making underwater explosive ordnance clearance more cost-effective without significantly increasing the amount of explosives required. In addition, the use of conventional unmanned underwater vehicles, in particular conventional mine-clearing drones, should be made possible without changing their design.
Die Erfindung löst dieses Problem mit einem Kampfmittelräumgerät nach Anspruch 1, einem unbemannten Unterwasserfahrzeug mit einem derartigen Kampfmittelräumgerät nach Anspruch 12 sowie durch ein Verfahren zum Räumen von Kampfmitteln unter Verwendung eines derartigen Kampfmittelräumgeräts gemäß Anspruch 13.The invention solves this problem with an explosive ordnance disposal device according to claim 1, an unmanned underwater vehicle with such an explosive ordnance disposal device according to
Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass die Verwendung kleiner Sprengladungen eine exakte Positionierung der Sprengladung am Kampfmittels erfordern. Nur wenn die Sprengladung exakt positioniert ist, genügt eine geringe Menge an Sprengstoff, um das Kampfmittel zu vernichten.The invention is based on the knowledge that the use of small explosive charges requires the explosive charge to be positioned precisely on the munition. Only if the explosive charge is positioned precisely will a small amount of explosive be sufficient to destroy the munition.
Kleine Mengen an Sprengstoff erlauben darüber hinaus den Einsatz kleiner Unterwasserfahrzeuge, wodurch die Kosten von Kampfmittelräumeinsätzen gering gehalten werden können.Small quantities of explosives also allow the use of small underwater vehicles, which can keep the costs of bomb disposal operations low.
Der Erfindung liegt die weitere Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass aufgrund der Verwendung kleiner Unterwasserfahrzeuge die Eigentrimmung des Unterwasserfahrzeugs nachhaltig negativ beeinflusst werden kann, wenn die Räumladung vom Unterwasserfahrzeug getrennt wird. Eine unzureichende Eigentrimmung führt jedoch entweder zum Verlust des Unterwasserfahrzeugs, da es nicht mehr steuerbar ist, oder zu einem zeitaufwändigen Nachtrimmen, wodurch Missionsdauern signifikant verlängert werden. Erfindungsgemäß ist daher vorgesehen, dass das Kampfmittelräumgerät nicht integraler Bestandteil eines Unterwasserfahrzeugs, sondern lediglich als Anbaugerät für ein unbemanntes Unterwasserfahrzeug vorgesehen ist. Das Unterwasserfahrzeug dient somit nur noch als Transportfahrzeug für das eigentliche Kampfmittelräumgerät, welches am Kampf-mittel vom Unterwasserfahrzeug gelöst wird. Das Kampfmittelräumgerät weist zu diesem Zweck Mittel zum lösbaren Verbinden mit dem Unterwasserfahrzeug auf. Das Kampfmittelräumgerät wird somit im Bereich des Kampfmittels von dem Unterwasserfahrzeug separiert, so dass sich das Unterwasserfahrzeug vor Sprengung des Kampfmittels aus dem Gefahrenbereich entfernen kann.The invention is based on the further finding that, due to the use of small underwater vehicles, the self-trimming of the underwater vehicle can be permanently negatively influenced if the clearance charge is separated from the underwater vehicle. Inadequate self-trimming, however, leads either to the loss of the underwater vehicle because it can no longer be controlled, or to time-consuming re-trimming, which significantly extends mission durations. According to the invention, it is therefore provided that the explosive ordnance disposal device is not an integral part of an underwater vehicle, but merely as an attachment for an unmanned underwater vehicle. The underwater vehicle thus only serves as a transport vehicle for the actual explosive ordnance disposal device, which is detached from the underwater vehicle at the explosive ordnance. For this purpose, the explosive ordnance disposal device has means for detachably connecting it to the underwater vehicle. The explosive ordnance disposal device is thus separated from the underwater vehicle in the area of the explosive ordnance, so that the underwater vehicle can move away from the danger zone before the explosive ordnance is detonated.
Erfindungsgemäß weist das Kampfmittelräumgerät eine Haltevorrichtung zum Fixieren des Kampfmittelräumgeräts am Kampfmittel auf. Eine derartige Haltevorrichtung zum Fixieren sorgt dafür, dass das Kampfmittelräumgerät in der richtigen Position und Ausrichtung zum Kampfmittel verbleibt, auch wenn sich das unbemannte Unterwasserfahrzeug vom Kampfmittel entfernt hat und das Kampfmittelräumgerät bspw. einer Strömung ausgesetzt ist. Die exakte Ausrichtung des Kampfmittelräumgeräts in Bezug auf das Kampfmittel ermöglicht auf vorteilhafte Weise den Einsatz nur geringer Mengen an Sprengstoffen, was aus den bereits oben genannten Gründen bzgl. der Sicherheitsanforderung bei der Lagerung und dem Transport von Sprengstoffen vorteilhaft ist.According to the invention, the explosive ordnance disposal device has a holding device for fixing the explosive ordnance disposal device to the explosive ordnance. Such a holding device for fixing ensures that the explosive ordnance disposal device remains in the correct position and alignment with respect to the explosive ordnance, even if the unmanned underwater vehicle has moved away from the explosive ordnance and the explosive ordnance disposal device is exposed to a current, for example. The exact alignment of the explosive ordnance disposal device with respect to the explosive ordnance advantageously enables the use of only small quantities of explosives, which is advantageous for the reasons already mentioned above with regard to the safety requirements when storing and transporting explosives.
Erfindungsgemäß sind die Mittel zum lösbaren Verbinden des Kampfmittelräumgeräts mit einem unbemannten Unterwasserfahrzeug und die Haltevorrichtung derart ausgebildet, dass bei Aktivierung der Haltevorrichtung zur Fixierung des Kampfmittelräumgeräts am Kampfmittel gleichzeitig die Mittel zum lösbaren Verbinden getätigt werden, so dass eine mechanische Verbindung des Kampfmittelräumgeräts zum unbemannten Unterwasserfahrzeug gelöst wird.According to the invention, the means for detachably connecting the explosive ordnance disposal device to an unmanned underwater vehicle and the holding device are designed such that when the holding device for fixing the explosive ordnance disposal device to the explosive device is activated, the means for detachably connecting are activated at the same time, so that a mechanical connection of the explosive ordnance disposal device to the unmanned underwater vehicle is released.
Ein derartiges gleichzeitiges Befestigen des Kampfmittelräumgeräts am Kampfmittels und Abtrennen des Kampfmittelräumgeräts vom unbemannten Wasserfahrzeug ermöglicht den Einsatz herkömmlicher unbemannter Unterwasserfahrzeuge, insbesondere von Minenvernichtungs-drohnen herkömmlicher Art, ohne dabei deren Konstruktion ändern zu müssen. Vielmehr wird das Kampfmittelräumgerät einfach an dem Unterwasserfahrzeug befestigt. Bei Aktivierung der Haltevorrichtung zum Fixieren des Kampfmittelräumgeräts am Kampfmittel wird gleichzeitig das Kampfmittelräumgerät vom Unterwasserfahrzeug gelöst, so dass das Unterwasserfahrzeug in sichere Entfernung zum Kampfmittel gebracht werden kann.Such simultaneous attachment of the explosive ordnance disposal device to the ordnance and detachment of the explosive ordnance disposal device from the unmanned watercraft enables the use of conventional unmanned underwater vehicles, in particular conventional mine-destruction drones, without having to change their design. Instead, the explosive ordnance disposal device is simply attached to the underwater vehicle. When the holding device for securing the explosive ordnance disposal device to the ordnance is activated, the explosive ordnance disposal device is simultaneously released from the underwater vehicle so that the underwater vehicle can be brought to a safe distance from the ordnance.
Das Volumen des Kampfmittelräumgeräts ist dabei derart gewählt, dass die unter Wasser auf das Kampfmittelräumgerät wirkende Auftriebskraft die auf das Kampfmittelräumgerät wirkende Schwerkraft kompensiert. Das Kampfmittelräumgerät verhält sich somit auftriebsneutral. Ein Lösen des Kampfmittelräumgeräts vom Unterwasserfahrzeug führt daher nicht zu einem sich ändernden (positiven oder negativen) Auftrieb des Unterwasserfahrzeugs. Das Unterwasserfahrzeug ist daher auch nach Lösen des Kampfmittel-räumgeräts vom Unterwasserfahrzeug problemlos steuerbar.The volume of the explosive ordnance disposal device is selected in such a way that the buoyancy force acting on the explosive ordnance disposal device underwater compensates for the gravity acting on the explosive ordnance disposal device. The explosive ordnance disposal device is therefore buoyancy-neutral. Detaching the explosive ordnance disposal device from the underwater vehicle does not lead to a change in the (positive or negative) buoyancy of the underwater vehicle. The underwater vehicle can therefore be controlled without any problems even after the explosive ordnance disposal device has been detaching from the underwater vehicle.
Die Erfindung ermöglicht somit auf vorteilhafte Weise den Einsatz kleiner unbemannter Unterwasserfahrzeuge, welche keine aufwändigen Gerätschaften zur Auftriebsneutralisation bzw. Trimmung benötigen. Die Erfindung schafft somit eine Möglichkeit zum Einsatz kleiner kostengünstiger Unterwasserfahrzeuge, welche nach ihrem Einsatz wiederverwendet werden können, da das eigentliche Kampfmittelräumgerät vom Unterwasserfahrzeug getrennt und separierbar angeordnet ist.The invention thus advantageously enables the use of small, unmanned underwater vehicles that do not require complex equipment for buoyancy neutralization or trimming. The invention thus creates a possibility for the use of small, inexpensive underwater vehicles that can be reused after use, since the actual explosive ordnance disposal device is separate from the underwater vehicle and can be separated.
Es ist daher vorgesehen, zunächst eine Sprengstoff aufweisende Räumladung und/oder eine Täuscheinrichtung zum Vortäuschen von Eigenschaften von Schiffen oder U-Booten mit einem an einem unbemannten Unterwasserfahrzeug angebrachten Kampfmittelräumgeräts gemäß der Erfindung am Kampfmittel zu platzieren, d.h. insbesondere anzubringen. Eine derartige Täuscheinrichtung dient zum Täuschen des Zünders einer Mine, welche somit ihren eigenen Zündmechanismus aktiviert und sich somit selbst sprengt und somit räumt.It is therefore intended to first place, i.e. in particular to attach, a clearing charge containing explosives and/or a decoy device for simulating the properties of ships or submarines with an ordnance disposal device according to the invention attached to an unmanned underwater vehicle on the ordnance. Such a decoy device serves to deceive the detonator of a mine, which then activates its own ignition mechanism and thus blows itself up and clears itself.
Nach dem Platzieren des Kampfmittelräumgeräts mit der Räumladung bzw. Täuscheinrichtung wird das Kampfmittelräumgerät vom unbemannten Unterwasserfahrzeug gelöst. Sodann wird das unbemannte Unterwasserfahrzeug in einen Abstand zum Kampfmittel gebracht, der größer oder gleich einem vorgegebenen Sicherheitsabstand ist. Anschließend wird die Sprengladung und/oder Täuscheinrichtung aktiviert, so dass eine Sprengung des Kampfmittels erfolgt.After the explosive ordnance disposal device with the clearing charge or decoy device has been placed, the explosive ordnance disposal device is detached from the unmanned underwater vehicle. The unmanned underwater vehicle is then brought to a distance from the explosive ordnance that is greater than or equal to a specified safety distance. The explosive charge and/or decoy device is then activated so that the explosive ordnance is detonated.
Gemäß einer besonderen Ausführungsform ist die Massenverteilung innerhalb des Kampfmittelräumgeräts derart gewählt, dass unabhängig von der Ausrichtung des Kampfmittelräumgeräts im Wasser kein Ausrichtmoment auf das Kampfmittelräumgerät einwirkt. Das Kampfmittelräumgerät ist folglich derart ausgebildet, dass es nicht nur auftriebsneutral ist, sondern dass es in jeder beliebigen Lage bzw. Ausrichtung im Wasser verbleibt, ohne dass ein Drehmoment auf das Kampfmittelräumgerät einwirkt. Die Massenverteilung ist daher vorteilhaft derartig gewählt, dass die resultierende Auftriebskraft für das gesamte Kampfmittelräumgerät im gleichen Punkt angreift, wie die resultierende, auf das gesamte Kampfmittelräumgerät wirkende Schwerkraft. Auf diese Weise bewirkt ein Lösen des Kampfmittelräumgeräts vom unbemannten Unterwasserfahrzeug kein Drehmoment auf das Unterwasserfahrzeug, welches durch eine Trimmungsänderung kompensiert werden müsste.According to a particular embodiment, the mass distribution within the explosive ordnance disposal device is selected such that, regardless of the orientation of the explosive ordnance disposal device in the water, no alignment moment acts on the explosive ordnance disposal device. The explosive ordnance disposal device is therefore designed in such a way that it is not only buoyancy-neutral, but that it remains in the water in any position or orientation without a torque acting on the explosive ordnance disposal device. The mass distribution is therefore advantageously selected in such a way that the resulting buoyancy force for the entire explosive ordnance disposal device acts at the same point as the resulting gravity acting on the entire explosive ordnance disposal device. In this way, detaching the explosive ordnance disposal device from the unmanned underwater vehicle does not cause a torque on the underwater vehicle that would have to be compensated by a trim change.
Gemäß einer besonderen Ausführungsform weist das Kampfmittelräumgerät eine oder mehrere Räumladungen mit Richtwirkung, insbesondere eine oder mehrere Hohlladungen, und einen Zünder zum Zünden der Räumladung(en) auf. Die Verwendung von Räumladungen mit Richtwirkung erhöht die Effizienz des eingesetzten Sprengstoffs. Diese Maßnahme trägt dazu bei, die Menge des an Bord des Mutterschiffs zu transportierenden Sprengstoffs gering zu halten. Dies führt zu geringen Sicherheitsanforderungen beim Transport und der Lagerung der Kampfmittelräumgeräte an Bord des jeweiligen Mutterschiffs.According to a particular embodiment, the explosive ordnance disposal device has one or more clearing charges with a directional effect, in particular one or more shaped charges, and a detonator for igniting the clearing charge(s). The use of clearing charges with a directional effect increases the efficiency of the explosives used. This measure helps to keep the amount of explosives to be transported on board the mother ship low. This leads to low safety requirements when transporting and storing the explosive ordnance disposal devices on board the respective mother ship.
Bei einer weiteren besonderen Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass das Kampfmittelräumgerät alternativ oder zusätzlich zu einer oder mehreren Räumladungen eine Täuscheinrichtung zum Vortäuschen von Eigenschaften eines Schiffes oder eines U-Bootes aufweist. Derartige Täuscheinrichtungen sind vorteilhafterweise akustischer oder magnetischer Art. Vorzugsweise weist eine derartige Täuscheinrichtung Mittel zum Erzeugen von Schiffsgeräuschen oder U-Boot-Geräuschen auf und täuscht somit das Vorhandensein eines Schiffes oder U-Bootes im Bereich einer Mine vor. Der in einer Mine vorgesehen Zündmechanismus reagiert - je nach Bauart der Mine - auf derartige Geräusche und veranlasst die Mine zur Detonation. Auf diese Weise kann mittels einer Täuscheinrichtung ein Kampfmittel auch ohne Einsatz zusätzlichen Sprengstoffs geräumt werden.In a further special embodiment, the explosive ordnance disposal device has, alternatively or in addition to one or more clearing charges, a decoy device for simulating the properties of a ship or a submarine. Such decoy devices are advantageously acoustic or magnetic. Such a decoy device preferably has means for generating ship noises or submarine noises and thus simulates the presence of a ship or submarine in the area of a mine. The ignition mechanism provided in a mine reacts - depending on the design of the mine - to such noises and causes the mine to detonate. In this way, an explosive ordnance can be cleared using a decoy device without the use of additional explosives.
Zusätzlich oder alternativ weist eine derartige Täuscheinrichtung Mittel zum Erzeugen eines Magnetfeldes auf. Oftmals reagieren Zündeinrichtungen von Seeminen auf Veränderungen des Erdmagnetfeldes infolge von metallenen Schiffsrümpfen bzw. U-Boot-Rümpfen. Durch die Erzeugung eines künstlichen Magnetfeldes kann ein Magnetfeldsensor im Zündmechanismus einer Seemine derart getäuscht werden, dass er die Seemine zur Detonation veranlasst.Additionally or alternatively, such a decoy device has means for generating a magnetic field. Often, detonation devices for sea mines react to changes in the earth's magnetic field caused by metal ship hulls or submarine hulls. By generating an artificial magnetic field, a magnetic field sensor in the detonation mechanism of a sea mine can be deceived in such a way that it causes the sea mine to detonate.
Gemäß einer besonderen Ausführungsform weist das Kampfmittelräumgerät folgende Mittel zum Aktivieren des Zünders und/oder der Täuscheinrichtung auf:
- eine vom Kampfmittelräumgerät lösbare Funkboje zum Empfangen eines Aktivierungssignals über eine Funkstrecke und/oder
- einen elektroaktustischen Wandler zum Erzeugen eines Aktivierungssignals über einen akustischen Kanal und/oder
- ein Zündkabel zum Empfangen eines Aktivierungssignals über das Zündkabel und/oder
- einen Zeitzünder.
- a radio buoy detachable from the explosive ordnance disposal device for receiving an activation signal via a radio link and/or
- an electroacoustic transducer for generating an activation signal via an acoustic channel and/or
- an ignition cable for receiving an activation signal via the ignition cable and/or
- a time fuse.
Derartige Mittel erlauben eine einfache Aktivierung des Kampfmittelräumgeräts, um eine Sprengung des Kampfmittels zu veranlassen. Eine mit dem Kampfmittelräumgerät über eine Leitung verbundene Funkboje, welche nach Platzierung des Kampfmittelräumgeräts am Kampfmittels an die Wasseroberfläche aufgestiegen ist, ermöglicht eine Kommunikation zum Mutterschiff bzw. zur Steuerplattform über eine Funkstrecke. Dies ist vorteilhaft, da somit problemlos über eine große Distanz ein Aktivierungssignal an das Kampfmittelräumgerät gesendet werden kann. Somit können auch große Sicherheitsabstände problemlos eingehalten werden.Such devices allow the explosive ordnance disposal device to be easily activated in order to detonate the ordnance. A radio buoy connected to the explosive ordnance disposal device via a cable, which has risen to the water surface after the explosive ordnance disposal device has been placed on the ordnance, enables communication to the mother ship or control platform via a radio link. This is advantageous because it means that an activation signal can be sent to the explosive ordnance disposal device over a large distance without any problems. This means that even large safety distances can be maintained without any problems.
Der Einsatz eines elektroakustischen Wandlers zum Empfangen eines Aktivierungssignals über einem akustischen Signal hat demgegenüber Kostenvorteile, da auf eine aufwändige Funkboje verzichtet werden kann. Allerdings kann aufgrund von Temperaturschichtungen oder Salzgehaltschichtungen im Wasser ein derartiger akustischer Kanal beeinträchtigt sein.The use of an electroacoustic transducer to receive an activation signal via an acoustic signal has cost advantages, as a complex radio buoy is not required. However, such an acoustic channel can be impaired due to temperature stratification or salinity stratification in the water.
Ein Zündkabel zum Empfang eines Aktivierungssignals ist darüber hinaus eine robuste Alternative, welche sich insbesondere für geringe Entfernungen eignet.An ignition cable for receiving an activation signal is also a robust alternative, which is particularly suitable for short distances.
Schließlich ist ein Zeitzündmechanismus eine sehr kosteneffiziente Variante, welche insbesondere dann zum Einsatz gelangt, wenn sichergestellt ist, dass zum Zündzeitpunkt keine Gefahren für Menschen und Geräte im Detonationsradius besteht.Finally, a time-delayed ignition mechanism is a very cost-effective option, which is used in particular when it can be ensured that there is no danger to people or equipment within the detonation radius at the time of ignition.
Erfindungsgemäß umfasst eine derartige Haltevorrichtung zum Fixieren des Kampfmittelräumgeräts am Kampfmittel ein Nagelschussgerät, einen Elektromagneten und/oder ein Unterdruckgerät.According to the invention, such a holding device for fixing the explosive ordnance disposal device to the ordnance comprises a nail gun, an electromagnet and/or a vacuum device.
Vorteilhafterweise erfolgt die Aktivierung derartiger Haltevorrichtungen durch Berührung des Kampfmittelräumgeräts mit dem Kampfmittel. Zusätzlich oder alternativ kann eine derartige Haltevorrichtung durch Metallsensoren aktiviert werden, welche signalisieren, dass sich das Kampfmittelräumgerät unmittelbar im Bereich einer Mine oder von Munitionsteilen befindet.Such holding devices are advantageously activated by the explosive ordnance disposal device coming into contact with the explosive ordnance. Additionally or alternatively, such a holding device can be activated by metal sensors which signal that the explosive ordnance disposal device is located directly in the area of a mine or ammunition parts.
Die Aktivierung der Haltevorrichtung auf derartige Weise erfordert keine Änderung der Konstruktion bestehender Unterwasserfahrzeuge. Somit kann das Kampfmittelräumgerät kostengünstig als Anbaugerät für ein unbemanntes Unterwasserfahrzeug herkömmlicher Art verwendet werden.Activating the holding device in this way does not require any changes to the design of existing underwater vehicles. The explosive ordnance disposal device can therefore be used cost-effectively as an attachment for a conventional unmanned underwater vehicle.
Vorteilhafterweise umfassen dabei die Mittel zum lösbaren Verbinden und die Haltevorrichtung, wenn die Haltevorrichtung ein Nagelschussgerät umfasst, wenigstens eine gemeinsame integrale Einheit, welche das o.g. Nagelschussgerät aufweist. Dabei weist die integrale Einheit eine Hülse, einen Nagel, einen Bolzen, eine Patrone, eine Patronenzündeinrichtung sowie ein Halteglied für ein Befestigungsmittel zum Befestigen des Kampfmittelräumgeräts am unbemannten Unterwasserfahrzeug auf. Das Halteglied ist dabei über einen Mitnehmer mit dem Bolzen verbunden. Ferner sind der Nagel, der Bolzen und die Patrone axial zueinander innerhalb der Hülse ausgerichtet. Bei Aktivierung der Patronenzündeinrichtung, welche bspw. durch einen Kontakt des Kampfmittelräumgeräts mit dem Kampfmittel oder durch einen Metallsensor erfolgt, treibt die Patrone den Bolzen gegen den Nagel, so dass der Nagel in eine Endposition in der Hülse getrieben wird, in der er das Kampfmittelräumgerät an dem Kampfmittel befestigt, und gleichzeitig das Halteglied von einer Ausgangsposition, in der das Halteglied das Befestigungsmittel arretiert, in eine Endposition gebracht wird, in der das Befestigungsmittel freigegeben ist. D.h. durch Aktivieren der Patronenzündeinrichtung wird ein Nagel in das Kampfmittel getrieben und gleichzeitig das Kampfmittelräumgerät von dem unbemannten Unterwasserfahrzeug gelöst.Advantageously, the means for detachable connection and the holding device, if the holding device comprises a nail gun, comprise at least one common integral unit which comprises the above-mentioned nail gun. The integral unit comprises a sleeve, a nail, a bolt, a cartridge, a cartridge ignition device and a holding member for a fastening means for fastening the explosive ordnance disposal device to the unmanned underwater vehicle. The holding member is connected to the bolt via a driver. Furthermore, the nail, the bolt and the cartridge are axially aligned with one another within the sleeve. When the cartridge ignition device is activated, which occurs, for example, through contact between the explosive ordnance disposal device and the explosive ordnance or through a metal sensor, the cartridge drives the bolt against the nail so that the nail is driven into an end position in the sleeve in which it fastens the explosive ordnance disposal device to the explosive ordnance, and at the same time the holding member is moved from an initial position in which the holding member locks the fastening means to an end position in which the fastening means is released. This means that by activating the cartridge ignition device, a nail is driven into the explosive ordnance and at the same time the explosive ordnance disposal device is released from the unmanned underwater vehicle.
Weitere besondere Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen sowie aus den anhand der Zeichnung näher erläuterten Ausführungsbeispiele. In der Zeichnung zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- ein unbemanntes Unterwasserfahrzeug mit daran angebrachtem Kampfmittelräumgerät gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung bei Annäherung an eine Seemine;
- Fig. 2
- das Kampfmittelräumgerät gemäß
Fig. 1 nach seiner Fixierung an der Seemine sowie nach Trennung vom unbemannten Unterwasserfahrzeug; - Fig. 3
- eine vereinfachte Darstellung eines Kampfmittelräumgeräts gemäß
Fig. 1 bzw. 2 mit vereinfachter Darstellung jeweils einer integralen Einheit zur Unterbringung erfindungsgemäßer Mittel zum lösbaren Verbinden des Kampfmittelräumgeräts mit dem Unterwasserfahrzeug und Haltevorrichtungen zum Fixieren des Kampfmittelräumgeräts an einem Kampfmittel; - Fig. 4
- das Kampfmittelräumgerät gemäß
Fig. 3 nach Fixierung an der Seemine und - Fig. 5
- ein Kampfmittelräumgerät gemäß einem alternativen Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung.
- Fig.1
- an unmanned underwater vehicle with an explosive ordnance disposal device attached thereto according to a first embodiment of the invention approaching a sea mine;
- Fig.2
- the explosive ordnance disposal equipment according to
Fig.1 after its attachment to the sea mine and after separation from the unmanned underwater vehicle; - Fig.3
- a simplified representation of an explosive ordnance disposal device according to
Fig.1 or 2 with a simplified representation of an integral unit for accommodating means according to the invention for detachably connecting the explosive ordnance disposal device to the underwater vehicle and holding devices for fixing the explosive ordnance disposal device to an explosive device; - Fig.4
- the explosive ordnance disposal equipment according to
Fig.3 after fixing to the sea mine and - Fig.5
- an explosive ordnance disposal device according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.
Das Kampfmittelräumgerät 10 ist am Bug des unbemannten Unterwasserfahrzeugs 12 lösbar befestigt angeordnet, wobei das Kampfmittelräumgerät 10 mit einem als elastisches Band ausgebildeten Befestigungsmittel 14 an dem unbemannten Unterwasserfahrzeug fixiert ist. Beide Enden des elastischen Bandes 14 greifen jeweils an einer integralen Einheit 16, 18 zur Bereitstellung von sowohl einer Haltevorrichtung zum Fixieren des Kampfmittelräumgeräts 10 am Kampfmittel als auch von Mitteln zum lösbaren Verbinden des Kampfmittelräumgertäs 10 mit dem Unterwasserfahrzeug 12 an. Ein mittlerer Abschnitt des elastischen Bandes 14 greift an einem Vorsprung 20 am unbemannten Unterwasserfahrzeug 12 an. Aufgrund der Elastizität des Bandes 14 wird somit das Kampfmittelräumgerät 10 mützenartig auf den Bug des unbemannten Unterwasserfahrzeugs 12 gezogen bzw. gedrückt und somit an diesem fixiert. Diese Anbringung des Kampfmittelräumgeräts 10 am Unterwasserfahrzeug 12 ist jedoch lösbar. Zum Lösen dieser mechanischen Verbindung von Kampfmittelräumgerät und unbemanntem Unterwasserfahrzeug 12 wird das elastische Band 14 von den integralen Einheiten 16, 18 gelöst. Dabei wird die Verbindung zwischen Kampfmittelräumgerät 10 und Unterwasserfahrzeug 12 aufgehoben und das Unterwasserfahrzeug kann sich vom Kampfmittelräumgerät entfernen.The explosive
Die integralen Einheiten 16, 18 umfassen jeweils eine Haltevorrichtung 22, 24, mit der das Kampfmittelräumgerät an einem Kampfmittel, bspw. einer Mine 26 fixiert werden kann. In
Vorzugsweise sind die Haltevorrichtungen als Nagelschussgeräte ausgebildet, welche mittels Patronen Nägel in die Mine 26 treiben und mittels dieser Nägel das Kampfmittelräumgerät 10 an der Mine 26 befestigen.Preferably, the holding devices are designed as nail guns which drive nails into the
Am Kampfmittelräumgerät 10 sind ferner eine oder mehrere Hohlladungen 28 vorgesehen, welche jeweils eine Räumladung mit Richtwirkung bilden. Vorzugsweise weist die Richtung der Räumladung in die gleiche Richtung wie die Längsachse der Haltevorrichtungen 22, 24, welche wiederum vorzugsweise bei einer Fixierung des Kampfmittelräumgeräts 10 am Unterwasserfahrzeug 12 parallel zur Längsachse des Unterwasserfahrzeugs verläuft. Auf diese Weise kann das Unterwasserfahrzeug 12 frontal auf eine Mine 26 gesteuert werden, wobei, wie in
Bei Kontakt des Kampfmittelräumgeräts 10 mit der Mine 26, zumindest aber bei einer signifikanten Annäherung des Kampfmittelräumgeräts 10 an die Mine 26, welche bspw. mittels eines Metallsensors detektiert wird, werden die Haltevorrichtungen 22, 24 aktiviert, so dass das Kampfmittelräumgerät 10 an der Mine 26 befestigt wird. Zugleich wird das elastische Band 14 von dem Kampfmittelräumgerät 10 gelöst, so dass sich das unbemannte Unterwasserfahrzeug 12 vom Kampfmittelräumgerät 10 lösen und entfernen kann.When the explosive
Auf diese Weise kann ein herkömmliches unbemanntes Unterwasserfahrzeug 12 ein als Anbaugerät ausgebildete Kampfmittelräumgerät 10 zu einem Kampfmittel, z.B. der Mine 26, transportieren. Durch Kontakt des Kampfmittelräumgeräts 10 mit der Mine 26 bzw. durch die o.g. signifikante Annäherung wird sodann das Kampfmittelräumgerät 10 an der Mine 26 fixiert. Gleichzeitig oder ggf. alternativ anschließend wird das Kampfmittelräumgerät 10 vom Unterwasserfahrzeug 12 gelöst und das Unterwasserfahrzeug 12 in einen Abstand zum Kampfmittel gebracht, der größer oder gleich einem vorgegebenen Sicherheitsabstand ist. Sodann veranlasst das Kampfmittelräumgerät 10 eine Sprengung des Kampfmittels 26, indem eine Räumladung, bspw. in Form der o.g. Hohlladung 28 oder eine Täuscheinrichtung aktiviert wird, mittels der der Mine das Vorhandensein eines Schiffes bzw. U-Boots vorgetäuscht wird. Aufgrund einer derartigen Täuschung wird der mineneigene Zündmechanismus aktiviert, so dass die Mine detoniert.In this way, a conventional unmanned
Erfindungsgemäß verursacht aufgrund der besonderen baulichen Gestaltung des Kampfmittelräumgeräts 10 das Lösen des Kampfmittelräumgeräts 10 vom Unterwasserfahrzeug 12 keine Kräfte oder Drehmomente auf das Unterwasserfahrzeug 12. Dies wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch erreicht, dass das Volumen des Kampfmittelräumgeräts 10 gerade derart gewählt ist, dass das von diesem Volumen verdrängte Wasser der Masse des Kampfmittelräumgeräts 10 entspricht. Aufgrund dieser Ausgestaltung kompensiert die unter Wasser auf das Kampfmittelräumgerät 10 wirkende Auftriebskraft die auf das Kraftmittelräumgerät 10 wirkende Schwerkraft. Das Kampfmittelräumgerät 10 ist somit auftriebsneutral. Daher verändert ein Lösen des Kampfmittelräumgeräts 10 vom Unterwasserfahrzeug 12 nicht die (positiven bzw. negativen) Auftriebseigenschaften des Unterwasserfahrzeugs 12. Dies macht eine Trimmungsänderung des Unterwasserfahrzeugs 12 nach Lösen des Kampfmittelräumgeräts 10 entbehrlich.According to the invention, due to the special structural design of the explosive
Vorteilhafterweise ist das Kampfmittelräumgerät 10 ferner derart ausgebildet, dass die unter Wasser auf das Kampfmittelräumgerät 10 wirkende Auftriebskraft am selben Ort angreift, wie die auf das Kampfmittelräumgerät 10 wirkende Schwerkraft. Somit "schwebt" das Kampfmittelräumgerät 10 in jeder Lage bzw. Ausrichtung, so dass unabhängig von der Ausrichtung des Kampfmittelräumgeräts 10 im Wasser keine Ausrichtmomente auftreten, welche das Kampfmittelräumgerät in seiner Ausrichtung verändern wollten. Eine derartige Massenverteilung innerhalb des Kampfmittelräumgeräts sorgt nicht nur dafür, dass die Haltevorrichtungen 22, 24 möglichst wenig beansprucht werden. Vielmehr führt eine derartige Massenverteilung auch dazu, dass nach einem Lösen des Kampfmittelräumgeräts 10 vom Unterwasserfahrzeug 12 das Unterwasserfahrzeug 12 nicht bzgl. seiner Trimmung verändert werden muss, d.h. das Unterwasserfahrzeug 12 nicht nachgetrimmt werden muss.Advantageously, the explosive
Das Kampfmittelräumgerät 10 weist ferner eine Funkboje 30 auf, welche über eine Leitung 32 mit einem Zünder und/oder einer Täuscheinrichtung, der bzw. die im Kampfmittelräumgerät 10 untergebracht ist/sind, verbunden ist.The explosive
Die Funkboje ist Bestandteil des Kampfmittelräumgeräts 10. Sie wird jedoch vom Kampfmittelräumgerät 10 gelöst, wenn das Kampfmittelräumgerät am Kampfmittel (Mine 26) fixiert wird. Gleichzeitig wird an der Funkboje ein Auftriebskörpers aktiviert, der für einen Auftrieb an der Funkboje sorgt. Alternativ stellt die Funkboje bereits selbst Auftrieb bereit, der durch den übrigen Teil des Kampfmittelräumgeräts 10 kompensiert wird.The radio buoy is part of the explosive
Die Funkboje dient zum Empfang eines Aktivierungssignals über eine Funkstrecke von einer Kontrollplattform, bspw. einem Mutterschiff, welches z.B. ein Minenjagdboot sein kann.The radio buoy is used to receive an activation signal via a radio link from a control platform, e.g. a mother ship, which can be a minehunter, for example.
Diese integralen Einheiten beherbergen zum einen die o.g. Mittel zum lösbaren Verbinden des Kampfmittelräumgeräts 10 mit dem Unterwasserfahrzeug 12. Zum anderen beherbergen sie die Haltevorrichtungen 22, 24 zum Fixieren des Kampfmittelräumgeräts 10 an einem Kampfmittel.These integral units accommodate, on the one hand, the above-mentioned means for detachably connecting the explosive
Die Mittel zum lösbaren Verbinden umfassen insbesondere das elastische Band 14 sowie je ein Halteglied 34, 36, welches jeweils innerhalb einer Hülse H1 bzw. H2 der integralen Einheit 16 bzw. 18 axial verschiebbar angeordnet ist. Das elastische Band 14 weist an jedem seiner Enden jeweils eine Schlaufe 38, 40 auf, welche um je ein Halteglied 34, 36 greift.The means for detachable connection comprise in particular the
Die Halteglieder 34, 36 befinden sich zunächst in einer in
Der Bolzen 42 bzw. 44 wird von einer Patrone 50 bzw. 52 angetrieben, die durch eine Patronenzündeinrichtung 54 bzw. 56 gezündet wird. Die Patronenzündeinrichtung 54 bzw. 56 ist jeweils nur schematisch dargestellt. Bei diesen Patronenzündeinrichtungen 54, 56 handelt es sich bspw. um einen Auslösemechanismus, der durch eine Berührung des Kampfmittelräumgeräts 10 an einem Gegenstand und/oder einem Metalldetektor ausgelöst wird.The
Ein Zünden der Patrone 50 bzw. 52 bewirkt, dass der Bolzen 42 bzw. 44 angetrieben wird. In der Darstellung gemäß
Sofern sich an der Mine bzw. der Munition bereits ein Muschelbewuchs gebildet haben sollte, wird dieser aufgrund der hohen Energie der Patrone 50 bzw. 52 zerstört und das Kampfmittelräumgerät 10 sicher an dem Kampfmittel befestigt. Hierbei ist es vorteilhaft, dass gleichzeitig mit dem Vortreiben der Nägel 58, 60 das elastische Band 14 von den Haltegliedern 34, 36 gelöst wird. Auf diese Weise muss dann nämlich nur eine geringe Masse des Kampfmittelräumgeräts 10 beschleunigt werden, wenn der Muschelbesatz durchschlagen wird. Demgegenüber muss die weitaus größere Masse des unbemannten Unterwasserfahrzeugs 12 nicht zusätzlich an das Kampfmittel heranbewegt werden.If a mussel growth has already formed on the mine or the ammunition, this is destroyed due to the high energy of the
In der vorstehenden Figurenbeschreibung wurden zwei integrale Einheiten 16, 18 mit zwei Haltevorrichtungen 22, 24 sowie jeweils zwei Haltegliedern 34, 36, zwei Bolzen 42, 44, zwei Mitnehmern 46, 48, zwei Patronen 50, 52, zwei Patronenzündeinrichtungen 54, 56, zwei Nägeln 58, 60 und zwei Bodenplatten 62, 64 beschrieben. Die Erfindung ist jedoch nicht auf eine derartige doppelte Ausbildung beschränkt. Vielmehr können die genannten Bauteile auch nur einfach vorhanden sein und auch bei einfacher Ausbildung das Kampfmittelräumgerät 10 sicher am Kampfmittel befestigen. Im Falle einer einfachen Ausbildung sind jedoch die beiden Schlaufen 38, 40 des elastischen Bandes 14 am selben Halteglied festzumachen.In the above description of the figures, two
Darüber hinaus können auch mehr als zwei integrale Einheiten bzw. Haltevorrichtungen mit den dazugehörigen Komponenten vorgesehen sein.In addition, more than two integral units or holding devices with the associated components can be provided.
Bei einer derartigen Ausgestaltung des Kampfmittelräumgeräts 10' wird dieses Kampfmittelräumgerät 10' lediglich im unmittelbaren Bereich des Kampfmittels platziert, nicht jedoch am Kampfmittel fixiert. Eine derartige Vorgehensweise ist insbesondere dann vorteilhaft, wenn eine Grundmine bereits im Sediment eingesunken ist. In diesem Fall ist es Erfolg versprechender, eine Räumladung mit Richtwirkung in größtmöglicher Nähe zur Mine anzuordnen und zu zünden. Dank der Erfindung ist es möglich, herkömmliche unbemannte Unterwasserfahrzeuge, insbesondere Minenjagddrohnen, einer mehrfachen Verwendung zuzuführen, da das eigentliche Kampfmittelräumgerät lediglich als Anbaugerät zum Unterwasserfahrzeug vorgesehen ist. Daher ist lediglich das Kampfmittelräumgerät bei jedem Einsatz zu opfern, während das unbemannte Unterwasserfahrzeug wiederverwendbar ist. Auf diese Weise können die Kosten einer Minenräumung signifikant reduziert werden. Hierdurch wird die Räumung von Kampfmitteln, die insbesondere aus den beiden Weltkriegen noch zahlreich auf den Meeresböden liegen, signifikant kostengünstiger. Die Anzahl der Minenräumungen kann dadurch deutlich gesteuert werden, was der Sicherheit der Schifffahrt und Umwelt zugute kommt.With such a design of the explosive ordnance disposal device 10', this explosive ordnance disposal device 10' is only placed in the immediate area of the explosive ordnance, but not fixed to the explosive ordnance. Such a procedure is particularly advantageous when a bottom mine has already sunk into the sediment. In this case, it is more promising to arrange and detonate a clearing charge with directional effect as close as possible to the mine. Thanks to the invention, it is possible to use conventional unmanned underwater vehicles, in particular mine-hunting drones, for multiple uses, since the actual explosive ordnance disposal device is only intended as an attachment to the underwater vehicle. Therefore, only the explosive ordnance disposal device has to be sacrificed during each use, while the unmanned underwater vehicle is reusable. In this way, the costs of mine clearance can be significantly reduced. This makes the clearance of explosive ordnance, which is still lying in large quantities on the seabed, especially from the two world wars, significantly more cost-effective. This will enable the number of mine clearance operations to be significantly controlled, which will benefit shipping safety and the environment.
Claims (8)
- Ordnance clearance apparatus for clearing ordnance (26), such as naval mines or munitions sunk in bodies of water, underwater by blowing up the ordnance (26), wherein the ordnance clearance apparatus (10, 10') comprises a holding device (22, 24) for fixing the ordnance clearance apparatus on the ordnance (26) and means (14, 34, 36) for detachable connection to an unmanned underwater vehicle (12), wherein the volume of the ordnance clearance apparatus (10, 10') is chosen so that the buoyancy acting underwater on the ordnance clearance apparatus (10, 10') compensates for the gravitational force acting on the ordnance clearance apparatus (10, 10'), characterized by a formation of the means (14, 34, 36) for detachable connection of the ordnance clearance apparatus (10, 10') to an unmanned underwater vehicle (12) and of the holding device (22, 24) such that upon activation of the holding device (22, 24) to fix the ordnance clearance apparatus (10, 10') on the ordnance (26), the means (14, 34, 36) for detachable connection are actuated at the same time, so that a mechanical connection of the ordnance clearance apparatus (10, 10') to the unmanned underwater vehicle (12) is released, and in that the holding device (22, 24) comprises:- a nail gun and/or- an electromagnet and/or- a vacuum apparatus.
- Ordnance clearance apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the mass distribution within the ordnance clearance apparatus (10, 10') is chosen so that, regardless of the orientation of the ordnance clearance apparatus (10, 10') in the water, no orientation moment occurs.
- Ordnance clearance apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ordnance clearance apparatus (10, 10') comprises one or more clearance charges (28) with directional effect, in particular one or more hollow charges, and a detonator for detonating the clearance charge(s) (28).
- Ordnance clearance apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ordnance clearance apparatus (10, 10') comprises a simulation device for simulating characteristics of a ship or submarine.
- Ordnance clearance apparatus according to Claim 4, characterized in that the simulation device comprises means for generating ship noises or submarine noises and/or means for generating a magnetic field.
- Ordnance clearance apparatus according to one of Claims 3 to 5, characterized by means for activating the detonator and/or the simulation device, wherein these means comprise:- a radio buoy (30) detachable from the ordnance clearance apparatus (10, 10') for receiving an activation signal via a radio path and/or- an electroacoustic transducer for receiving an activation signal via an acoustic channel and/or- a detonator cable for receiving an activation signal via the detonator cable and/or- a time fuse mechanism.
- Ordnance clearance apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that, when the holding device (22, 24) comprises a nail gun, the means (14, 34, 36) for the detachable connection and the holding device (22, 24) comprise at least one common integral unit (16, 18), which comprises the nail gun, wherein the integral unit (16, 18) comprises a casing (41, 42), a nail (58, 60), a bolt (42, 44), a cartridge (50, 52), a cartridge detonation device (54, 56) and a holding member (34, 36) for an attachment means (14) for attaching the ordnance clearance apparatus to the unmanned underwater vehicle (12), wherein the holding member (34, 36) is connected to the bolt (42, 44) via a carrier (46, 48), wherein nail (58, 60), bolt (42, 44) and cartridge (50, 52) are aligned axially to one another inside the casing (H1, H2), wherein upon activation of the cartridge detonation device (54, 56), the cartridge (50, 52) drives the bolt (42, 44) against the nail (58, 60), so that the nail (58, 60) is driven into an end position in the casing (H1, H2) and at the same time the holding member (34, 36) is brought from a starting position, in which it locks the attachment means (14), into an end position, in which the attachment means (14) is released.
- Unmanned underwater vehicle with an ordnance clearance apparatus (10, 10') according to one of Claims 1 to 7.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010033638A DE102010033638A1 (en) | 2010-08-06 | 2010-08-06 | Combustion agent for clearing munitions, such as sea mines, under water, unmanned underwater vehicle with such ordnance and apparatus for this purpose |
| EP11160187.8A EP2415660B1 (en) | 2010-08-06 | 2011-03-29 | Weapon clearing device for clearing weapons, such as mines, underwater, unmanned submarine with weapon clearing device and method for same |
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| EP11160187.8A Division EP2415660B1 (en) | 2010-08-06 | 2011-03-29 | Weapon clearing device for clearing weapons, such as mines, underwater, unmanned submarine with weapon clearing device and method for same |
| EP11160187.8A Division-Into EP2415660B1 (en) | 2010-08-06 | 2011-03-29 | Weapon clearing device for clearing weapons, such as mines, underwater, unmanned submarine with weapon clearing device and method for same |
Publications (3)
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| EP2703280A1 EP2703280A1 (en) | 2014-03-05 |
| EP2703280B1 EP2703280B1 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
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| EP15163817.8A Active EP2930099B1 (en) | 2010-08-06 | 2011-03-29 | Weapon clearing device for clearing weapons, such as mines, underwater, unmanned submarine with weapon clearing device and method for same |
| EP11160187.8A Active EP2415660B1 (en) | 2010-08-06 | 2011-03-29 | Weapon clearing device for clearing weapons, such as mines, underwater, unmanned submarine with weapon clearing device and method for same |
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| EP15163817.8A Active EP2930099B1 (en) | 2010-08-06 | 2011-03-29 | Weapon clearing device for clearing weapons, such as mines, underwater, unmanned submarine with weapon clearing device and method for same |
| EP11160187.8A Active EP2415660B1 (en) | 2010-08-06 | 2011-03-29 | Weapon clearing device for clearing weapons, such as mines, underwater, unmanned submarine with weapon clearing device and method for same |
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2010
- 2010-08-06 DE DE102010033638A patent/DE102010033638A1/en active Pending
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2011
- 2011-03-29 WO PCT/EP2011/054809 patent/WO2012016719A1/en not_active Ceased
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- 2011-03-29 JP JP2013522142A patent/JP5825538B2/en active Active
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- 2011-03-29 LT LTEP15163817.8T patent/LT2930099T/en unknown
- 2011-03-29 DK DK15163817.8T patent/DK2930099T3/en active
- 2011-03-29 US US13/811,691 patent/US8807002B2/en active Active
- 2011-04-20 TW TW100113759A patent/TWI417221B/en active
- 2011-05-06 GB GB1107565.2A patent/GB2482576C/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102010033638A1 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
| TW201217226A (en) | 2012-05-01 |
| EP2415660A1 (en) | 2012-02-08 |
| GB2482576B (en) | 2012-08-22 |
| PL2930099T3 (en) | 2019-03-29 |
| EP2703280A1 (en) | 2014-03-05 |
| GB2482576A (en) | 2012-02-08 |
| US20130125741A1 (en) | 2013-05-23 |
| DK2930099T3 (en) | 2019-01-14 |
| EP2415660B1 (en) | 2015-11-25 |
| LT2930099T (en) | 2018-12-10 |
| JP2013535370A (en) | 2013-09-12 |
| WO2012016719A1 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
| US8807002B2 (en) | 2014-08-19 |
| GB2482576C (en) | 2019-01-23 |
| JP5825538B2 (en) | 2015-12-02 |
| EP2930099B1 (en) | 2018-09-19 |
| EP2930099A1 (en) | 2015-10-14 |
| GB201107565D0 (en) | 2011-06-22 |
| EP2703280B1 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
| TWI417221B (en) | 2013-12-01 |
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