JP2642704B2 - Air-cooled fuel cell heating system - Google Patents
Air-cooled fuel cell heating systemInfo
- Publication number
- JP2642704B2 JP2642704B2 JP63280693A JP28069388A JP2642704B2 JP 2642704 B2 JP2642704 B2 JP 2642704B2 JP 63280693 A JP63280693 A JP 63280693A JP 28069388 A JP28069388 A JP 28069388A JP 2642704 B2 JP2642704 B2 JP 2642704B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- air
- battery
- heat
- temperature
- stack
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2484—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
- H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 （イ） 産業上の利用分野 本発明は空冷式燃料電池の起動に際し、電池を短時間
で規定温度迄昇温する装置に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (A) Industrial Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for raising the temperature of a battery to a specified temperature in a short time when starting an air-cooled fuel cell.
（ロ） 従来の技術 一般に電池起動時の昇温は、バーナーの燃焼ガスを空
気と混合して加熱ガスとし、電池の冷却チャンネル及び
反応空気チャンネルに循環供給することにより行はれて
いたが、燃焼ガス中の含有成分により空気極触媒に悪影
響を及ぼすと共に循環ブロワの熱許容値から加熱ガスの
温度は200℃程度に制限され、そのため雰囲気温度で保
存されてる電池を短時間で昇温することは時に寒冷地に
おいて困難であった。又昇温過程で電池上下からの放熱
によりこの部分のセル温度が低くなり、上下方向に温度
勾配が生じて昇温後の電池反応が有効に行はれないなど
のも問題があった。(B) Conventional technology Generally, the temperature rise at the time of starting the battery is performed by mixing the combustion gas of the burner with air to generate a heating gas, and circulating the gas into the cooling channel and the reaction air channel of the battery. The components contained in the combustion gas have an adverse effect on the air electrode catalyst, and the temperature of the heating gas is limited to about 200 ° C due to the heat allowance of the circulation blower, so the temperature of the battery stored at ambient temperature must be raised in a short time. Was sometimes difficult in cold climates. In addition, there is another problem that the cell temperature in this portion is lowered due to heat radiation from the upper and lower sides of the battery during the temperature rise process, and a temperature gradient is generated in the vertical direction, so that the battery reaction after the temperature rise cannot be effectively performed.
（ハ） 発明が解決しようとする課題 本発明は前記問題点を解消し、電池の昇温を短時間で
且上下に亘り均一に行うものである。(C) Problems to be Solved by the Invention The present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and to uniformly raise the temperature of the battery vertically in a short time.
（ニ） 課題を解決するための手段 本発明は、電池スタックの空気流通路面と空気供給マ
ニホルドとの間に、供給空気を加熱する２つの 薄型熱交換器を介在させ、前記各熱交換器にバーナーを
夫々付設し、該バーナーで発生せしめられた燃焼ガスを
加熱媒体として前記各熱交換器に上下互に対向流となる
ように流すと共に、各熱交換器の上下端部近傍における
熱交換能を中央部に比し増大せしめたことを特徴とす
る。(D) Means for Solving the Problems The present invention has two thin heat exchangers for heating supply air interposed between an air flow passage surface of a battery stack and an air supply manifold. Burners are respectively provided, and the combustion gas generated by the burners is flown as a heating medium to the heat exchangers so as to be opposed to each other in the upper and lower directions, and the heat exchange capacity near the upper and lower ends of each heat exchanger is provided. Is increased compared to the central part.
（ホ） 作用 本発明では電池昇温時加熱用ガスにはバーナー燃焼ガ
スが混入しない空気を用いるので、燃焼生成物により空
気極に悪影響を及ぼすことがなく、電池スタックへの供
給空気は、燃焼ガスが上下対向流となる２つの熱交換器
により、加熱されると共に各熱交換器の上下端部近傍で
の熱交換能を中央に比し大きくしているので、電池スタ
ックの昇温を上下方向に亘り均一化して昇温時間を短縮
することができる。(E) Function In the present invention, air to which the burner combustion gas is not mixed is used as the heating gas at the time of raising the temperature of the battery, so that combustion products do not adversely affect the air electrode. The gas is heated by the two heat exchangers in which the gas flows in opposite directions, and the heat exchange capacity near the upper and lower ends of each heat exchanger is increased compared to the center. It is possible to make the temperature uniform in the direction and to shorten the heating time.
（ヘ） 実施例 電池スタック（１）はセル積重体を上下端板（２）
（２）間で締付け、その各周面に空気の給排マニホルド
（３）（３）′と燃料ガスの給排マニホルド（４）
（４）′［第６図参照］を有する。(F) Example A battery stack (1) is composed of a cell stack and upper and lower end plates (2).
(2) The air supply / discharge manifold (3) (3) 'and the fuel gas supply / discharge manifold (4)
(4) '(see FIG. 6).
本発明では第１図に示すよう空気供給マニホルド
（３）と電池スタック（１）との間に、スタック面とは
間隔を存して２つの薄型熱交換器（51）（52）を介在さ
せ、これら熱交換器の一方（51）には下部に、他方
（52）には上部に夫々バーナー（61）（62）が付設され
ている。In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, two thin heat exchangers (5 1 ) (5 2 ) are provided between the air supply manifold (3) and the battery stack (1) at an interval from the stack surface. is interposed, the lower on one of these heat exchanger (5 1) and the other (5 2) s respectively at the top to the burner (6 1) (6 2) is attached.
各熱交換器（51）（52）は第４図に示すよう、中央に
加熱媒体（バーナーの燃焼ガス）［印］の通路とその
両側に空気［→印］の通路を形成したユニットを横に積
重ね、縦横寸法がスタック（１）の空気流通面寸法に一
致し、厚みが約5cmの薄型のものである。加熱媒体通路
には受熱面積を大きくするよう穿孔波板を配置し、一対
の空気通路には多数の放熱フィンが配置されている。又
上下端部近傍の放熱フィンは、中央部に比しピッチを小
として熱交換面積が大となる部分（５）′（５）′を形
成している。As shown in FIG. 4, each of the heat exchangers (5 1 ) and (5 2 ) has a unit formed with a passage for a heating medium (burner combustion gas) [mark] in the center and a passage for air [→ mark] on both sides thereof. Are stacked side by side, the vertical and horizontal dimensions correspond to the air flow surface dimensions of the stack (1), and the thickness is about 5 cm. A perforated corrugated plate is arranged in the heating medium passage so as to increase the heat receiving area, and a number of radiating fins are arranged in the pair of air passages. The radiating fins near the upper and lower ends have portions (5) '(5)' where the pitch is smaller than the central portion and the heat exchange area is large.
各バーナー（61）（62）は第２図及び第３図に示すよ
うに燃焼ガス（加熱媒体）の分配マニホルドを介して各
熱交換器（51）（52）に取付けられ、各バーナーの燃焼
ガスが互に対向流方向、即ち熱交換器の一方（51）には
下から上向きに他方（52）には上から下向きに夫々流通
する。Each burner (6 1 ) (6 2 ) is attached to each heat exchanger (5 1 ) (5 2 ) through a distribution manifold of a combustion gas (heating medium) as shown in FIGS. The combustion gases of each burner flow countercurrently to each other, that is, from one side (5 1 ) of the heat exchanger upward from the bottom and from the other (5 2 ) from the top downward.
循環ブロワ（７）でマニホルド（３）より供給された
空気は、２つの熱交換器（51）（52）により約200〜230
℃に加熱され、この加熱空気が電池スタック（１）の冷
却空気チャンネルと反応空気チャンネル（いづれも図示
せず）に配分（配分率５〜10:1）される。この場合加熱
媒体が上下対向流であるため、電池スタック（１）の上
下方向中央部が均一に加熱されると共に電池スタックの
上下部分は、中央部に比し、熱交換面積の大きい部分
（51）′（52）′から大きい熱量が供給されているた
め、上下面からの放熱を償い、その結果スタック温度を
上下に亘って均一化することができる。The manifold (3) air supplied from a circulating blower (7), the two heat exchangers (5 1) (5 2) of about 200 to 230
The heated air is distributed to the cooling air channel and the reaction air channel (neither is shown) of the battery stack (1) (the distribution ratio is 5 to 10: 1). In this case, since the heating medium is a counter-current flow in the vertical direction, the central portion in the vertical direction of the battery stack (1) is uniformly heated, and the upper and lower portions of the battery stack have a larger heat exchange area than the central portion (5). 1 ) Since a large amount of heat is supplied from (5 2 ) ', heat radiation from the upper and lower surfaces can be compensated, and as a result, the stack temperature can be made uniform in the vertical direction.
この状態が第５図（イ）（ロ）に示され、（イ）は２
つの熱交換器（51）（52）から電池スタック（１）への
熱フロー図、（ロ）は電池スタックへの供給熱量とスタ
ック温度との関係図である。この（ロ）図において実線
で示す供給熱量は、スタック（１）上下面からの放熱に
よりスタック温度は点線で示すように均一化される。This state is shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, where FIG.
FIG. 4 is a heat flow diagram from one heat exchanger (5 1 ) (5 2 ) to the battery stack (1), and (b) is a diagram showing the relationship between the amount of heat supplied to the battery stack and the stack temperature. In the figure (b), the amount of heat supplied by the solid line is made uniform by the radiation of heat from the upper and lower surfaces of the stack (1) as shown by the dotted line.
電池スタック（１）が150℃程度に昇温すると、バー
ナー（61）（62）の燃焼を停止し、ついで電池に反応ガ
ス（空気及び燃料ガス）を供給して電池反応を開始す
る。前記昇温により電池スタックは上下に亘ってほぼ均
一温度になっているので、電池反応が正常に行はれて短
時間で電池を起動することができる。When cell stack (1) is heated to about 0.99 ° C., stop the combustion of the burner (6 1) (6 2), then starts the cell reaction by supplying a reaction gas (air and fuel gas) to the battery. Since the temperature of the battery stack is substantially uniform over the top and bottom due to the temperature increase, the battery reaction can be performed normally and the battery can be started in a short time.
電池運転中第６図に示すよう電池スタック（１）に供
給された空気は、反応空気として反応に用いられると共
に冷却空気として電池反応熱を奪う。スタックからの排
空気の一部はダンパー（８）より系外に排出されると共
に同時に他部は排出量に見合って弁（９）より循環経路
に吸入した新鮮な外気と混合され、供給空気の温度を下
げると共に酸素分圧の低下を補う。かくて電池は規定作
動温度を維持して運転を維持する。尚、第１図は閉循環
経路で行はれる昇温時を示すので、前記ダンパー（８）
や弁（９）は省略されている。As shown in FIG. 6, during the operation of the battery, the air supplied to the battery stack (1) is used for the reaction as the reaction air and also takes the reaction heat of the battery as the cooling air. Part of the exhaust air from the stack is discharged out of the system from the damper (8), and at the same time, the other part is mixed with fresh external air sucked into the circulation path from the valve (9) in accordance with the discharge amount, and Lower the temperature and compensate for the lowering of the oxygen partial pressure. Thus, the battery maintains operation at the specified operating temperature. FIG. 1 shows a state in which the temperature rises in a closed circulation path.
The valve (9) is omitted.
２つの熱交換器（51）（52）は薄型（厚み約5cm）で
あって、電池昇温中及び運転中循環空気の流通に支障を
したすことはない。たゞ熱交換面積の大きい上下部分
（51）′（52）′には、１対の整流板（10）により流量
を増大するよう設定する必要がある。The two heat exchangers (5 1 ) and (5 2 ) are thin (about 5 cm in thickness) and do not hinder circulation of circulating air during battery heating and operation. In addition, it is necessary to set the flow rate to be increased in the upper and lower portions (5 1 ) ′ (5 2 ) ′ having a large heat exchange area by a pair of straightening plates (10).
第６図の発電システムにおいて、（11）はメタノール
燃料改質器で、タンク（12）内のメタノールと水の混合
燃料を気化・改質して水素リッチガスを生成し、これが
燃料ガスとして電池に供給される。尚昇温用バーナー
（61）（62）の燃料として、改質器（11）の改質用及び
燃焼用燃料例えばメタノールと水の混合燃料を用いる。In the power generation system of FIG. 6, (11) is a methanol fuel reformer, which vaporizes and reforms a mixed fuel of methanol and water in a tank (12) to generate a hydrogen-rich gas, which is supplied to a battery as a fuel gas. Supplied. The fuel for the burners (6 1 ) (6 2 ) for raising the temperature is a fuel for reforming and combustion of the reformer (11), for example, a mixed fuel of methanol and water.
（ト） 発明の効果 上述の如く本発明によれば、電池昇温用の加熱ガスに
は燃料ガスが混入しない空気を用いるので、燃焼生成物
により空気極触媒に悪影響を及ぼすことがなく、電池ス
タックへの供給空気は、バーナーの燃焼ガスが上下対向
流となる２つの薄型熱交換器で加熱されると共に、放熱
の多いスタック上下部分への供給熱量を中央部に比し大
きくしたので、電池スタックの温度を上下方向に亘って
均一化すると共に昇温時間を短縮して電池の立上りを速
めることができる。(G) Effects of the Invention As described above, according to the present invention, since air in which fuel gas is not mixed is used as the heating gas for raising the temperature of the battery, combustion products do not adversely affect the air electrode catalyst. The air supplied to the stack is heated by the two thin heat exchangers in which the combustion gas from the burner flows vertically upward and downward, and the amount of heat supplied to the upper and lower parts of the stack, which emit a large amount of heat, is increased compared to the central part. The temperature of the stack can be made uniform in the vertical direction, and the temperature rise time can be shortened to speed up the rise of the battery.
第１図は本発明装置を備える電池の側面図、第２図は同
上の要部斜面図、第３図は要部拡大断面図、第４図は本
発明装置に用いた薄型熱交換器の１例を示す部分斜面
図、第５図（イ）（ロ）は夫々電池スタックの熱フロー
図及び電池スタックへの供給熱量とスタック上下方向の
温度との関係を示す特性図、第６図は本発明装置を備え
る発電システムの模式的フロー図で、電池は平面図とし
て示す。 1:電池スタック、3:空気供給マニホルド、51,52:薄型熱
交換器（51′,52′：熱交換能の大きい上下部分）、61,
62:バーナー、7:循環ブロワ、8:タンパー、9:弁、10:整
流板、11:燃料改質器、12:燃料タンク。FIG. 1 is a side view of a battery provided with the apparatus of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the main part of the battery, FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the main part, and FIG. FIGS. 5 (a) and (b) are partial slope views showing one example, and FIG. 5 (b) is a heat flow diagram of the battery stack, and a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the amount of heat supplied to the battery stack and the temperature in the stack vertical direction. FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a power generation system including the device of the present invention, in which a battery is shown as a plan view. 1: Battery stack, 3: Air supply manifold, 5 1 , 5 2 : Thin heat exchanger (5 1 ′, 5 2 ′: Upper and lower parts with large heat exchange capacity), 6 1 ,
6 2 : Burner, 7: Circulation blower, 8: Tamper, 9: Valve, 10: Rectifier, 11: Fuel reformer, 12: Fuel tank.
Claims (1)
ホルドとの間に、供給空気を加熱する２つの薄型熱交換
器を介在させ、前記各熱交換器にバーナーを夫々付設
し、該バーナーで発生せしめられた燃焼ガスを加熱媒体
として前記各熱交換器に上下互に対向流となるように流
すと共に、各熱交換器の上下端部近傍における熱交換能
を中央部に比し増大せしめたことを特徴とする空冷式燃
料電池の昇温装置。1. Two thin heat exchangers for heating supply air are interposed between an air flow surface of a battery stack and an air supply manifold, and a burner is attached to each of the heat exchangers. The generated combustion gas was used as a heating medium to flow through each of the heat exchangers so as to be opposed to each other, and the heat exchange capacity in the vicinity of the upper and lower ends of each heat exchanger was increased as compared to the center. A heating device for an air-cooled fuel cell, comprising:
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63280693A JP2642704B2 (en) | 1988-11-07 | 1988-11-07 | Air-cooled fuel cell heating system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63280693A JP2642704B2 (en) | 1988-11-07 | 1988-11-07 | Air-cooled fuel cell heating system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02126567A JPH02126567A (en) | 1990-05-15 |
| JP2642704B2 true JP2642704B2 (en) | 1997-08-20 |
Family
ID=17628629
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63280693A Expired - Fee Related JP2642704B2 (en) | 1988-11-07 | 1988-11-07 | Air-cooled fuel cell heating system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2642704B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7422812B2 (en) * | 2002-06-24 | 2008-09-09 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Solid-oxide fuel cell system having a thermally-regulated cathode air heat exchanger |
| WO2019120415A1 (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2019-06-27 | Aalborg Universitet | Fuel cell assembly with a turbulence inducing device for reduction of a temperature gradient |
-
1988
- 1988-11-07 JP JP63280693A patent/JP2642704B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH02126567A (en) | 1990-05-15 |
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