JP2656480B2 - Ventilation equipment for railway vehicles - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a ventilation device for a railway vehicle, and more particularly to a ventilation device for a railway vehicle suitable for a vehicle traveling in a tunnel at a high speed.

[Conventional technology]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a ventilation device installed in a railway vehicle running at a high speed has a function of performing ventilation in the vehicle and simultaneously preventing a sudden change in pressure in the vehicle when the railway vehicle travels in a tunnel at a high speed. I had to. That is, when a vehicle travels in a tunnel at a high speed, the pressure outside the vehicle changes rapidly, and this tendency is particularly strong when the vehicle rubs against an oncoming vehicle in the tunnel, and the pressure outside the vehicle propagates into the vehicle and changes to the pressure inside the vehicle. Was. If the magnitudes of the change width and the change speed of the inside and outside pressure exceed the allowable limits, the passengers' ears will be uncomfortable. Therefore, the above-mentioned disadvantages are reduced by using a blower having a performance capable of minimizing a change in the vehicle interior pressure even when the vehicle exterior pressure changes, in a supply / exhaust device. A configuration described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-9022 is known as an example in which a blower having a small change in the air volume with respect to a change in pressure load is used as a supply / exhaust device.
In this configuration, the pressure characteristic of the blower whose maximum pressure exceeds the pressure change is used. This will be described in detail with reference to FIG. In the same figure, the characteristics of the blower in the supply / exhaust device are indicated by a solid line I, and the duct resistance characteristics in the vehicle body when the steady supply / exhaust air volume is Q ₀ is indicated by a solid line II, and the compatibility characteristic is indicated by a dotted line III. Become like In the absence of taxiing during i.e. inside and outside the vehicle the pressure differential of the vehicle, both supply air volume and exhaust air quantity is Q _0. Therefore, the in-vehicle pressure is maintained at the same value as the out-of-vehicle pressure because the supply and exhaust air volumes are balanced. Next, a case will be considered in which the outside pressure of the vehicle suddenly changes when the vehicle runs in the tunnel and rubs against the oncoming vehicle. During the tunnel running fluctuations generally large in the negative pressure side, assuming that outside pressure fluctuations -P occurs, supply air volume during drawing decreases from Q ₀ to Q _s, the amount of exhaust air from Q ₀ Increase to Q _e . Here, considering the amount of air in the vehicle, since it is reduced by ΔQ _e + ΔQ _s from the steady state, the vehicle pressure also changes to the negative pressure side. Therefore, in the above-described supply / exhaust device, the use of the blower having a small change in the air volume with respect to the change in the pressure load is due to the above-mentioned ΔQ _e +
This is because the amount of ΔQ _s is reduced as much as possible to minimize the pressure change in the vehicle.

Next, consider the point in time when the pressure fluctuation further increases and the pressure difference between inside and outside of the vehicle increases, and this pressure difference exceeds the maximum pressure _Pmax of the blower characteristics. For example, when produced inside or outside the vehicle pressure difference -P _x as a negative pressure, supply air volume is 'changed to _s, the amount of exhaust air is Q' Q changes to _e. Here, the supply air volume Q ′ _s
Is on the minus side. That is, in the air supply device, a reverse flow occurs to the normal flow, and the air is exhausted by the blower of the air supply device. Further, in the exhaust system, exhaust amount because it increases the Q _'e, the air in the room is rapidly decreased. Therefore, the pressure in the passenger compartment is rapidly reduced, which has a very serious adverse effect on passengers, and the discomfort is extremely large.
These phenomena have been confirmed by experiments.
Therefore, in order to suppress the backflow phenomenon in the blower described above, it is necessary to set the characteristics of the blower so that its maximum pressure _Pmax exceeds the expected maximum inside / outside pressure difference.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

By the way, when the railway vehicle runs at a higher speed than the current state, the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the vehicle in the tunnel is further increased as compared with the current state, and a blower of the supply / exhaust device having a higher maximum pressure _Pmax is required. Generally, the pressure characteristics of a blower are determined by the runner diameter or the number of rotations. Therefore, to improve the maximum pressure _{Pmax of the} blower,
It is necessary to increase the outer diameter and increase the rotation speed. However, as described above, as a blower used in a railcar ventilation system, a blower having a large size, a high rotation speed and a large noise has a problem that it is difficult to install and cannot be applied.

On the other hand, a configuration is known in which a supply / exhaust air passage in a ventilator is blocked during traveling in a tunnel, regardless of the capacity of the blower. However, in such a configuration, when a railway vehicle equipped with the ventilator travels on a line with a relatively large number of tunnels, the shutoff operation is performed frequently, resulting in an insufficient ventilation. Therefore, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the cabin increases, which has a very serious adverse effect on passengers.

Also, a configuration is conceivable in which the supply / exhaust air passage of the ventilator is shut off only when a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the vehicle exceeds the maximum pressure _Pmax of the blower in the ventilator. However, in the above-described configuration, a pressure detecting unit, a ventilation passage shutoff unit that shuts off the supply / exhaust ventilation passage, and a control unit therefor are required, and the configuration is complicated, and the ventilation device becomes very expensive. There were drawbacks. Furthermore, the above configuration has a drawback that the reliability is reduced because the configuration is complicated and various control devices are required.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to select a railway vehicle that has a simple structure and suppresses fluctuations in in-vehicle pressure caused by fluctuations in external pressure that occur when a high-speed vehicle travels in a tunnel without using electric control. To provide a ventilation device.

[Means for solving the problem]

The above-mentioned object is a railroad vehicle in which an air supply blower is installed in an air supply ventilation passage that takes in air outside the vehicle into the vehicle, and an exhaust air blower is installed in an exhaust air passage that discharges air inside the vehicle to the outside of the vehicle. In the ventilating device, an air supply-side pressure moderator is installed upstream of the air supply blower of the air supply ventilation path, and an exhaust pressure is provided downstream of the exhaust air blower of the exhaust air path. A relief device is provided, and the air supply side pressure relief device and the exhaust pressure relief device are respectively provided with a first frame, a second frame, a first stopper, a second stopper,
A first spring and a second spring, wherein the first frame and the second frame each have openings through which air can pass, and a plurality of grills are installed in each of the openings; The grills are arranged adjacent to each other with an interval defined by the ventilation section, and the first frame and the second frame are located at positions where the grill installation surfaces face each other and each grill blocks the ventilation section between the opposed grills. The first frame and the second frame are arranged in the ventilation path so that each grill crosses the ventilation path, and each of the first frame and the second frame is movable in a direction to reduce the distance between each other. The first stopper is installed on the upstream side of the first frame,
The second stopper is installed on the downstream side of the second frame, and is installed at a position that supports the first frame and the second frame in a state where an air passage is formed between the first frame and the second frame. The first spring has a repulsion force that balances the ventilation resistance of the first frame in a normal state, and is arranged so as to push the first frame toward the first stopper. The spring is arranged so as to balance the movement resistance of the second frame and to provide a repulsion force smaller than the ventilation resistance of the second frame in a normal state, and to push the second frame toward the first frame. This is achieved by:

[Action]

In the case where the amount of ventilation increases due to fluctuations in the pressure outside the vehicle, in the pressure alleviator, the first frame overcomes the repulsive force of the first spring and moves toward the second frame to move the first frame and the second frame. Since the ventilation path between the grilles of the frame is narrowed, it is possible to prevent a rapid change in the ventilation amount. When a backflow occurs due to a change in the pressure outside the vehicle, the second frame is pushed toward the first frame by the second spring, and the ventilation path between each grill of the first frame and the second frame is narrowed. Can be prevented. Therefore, a change in the amount of ventilation due to a change in the pressure outside the vehicle is directly received by the first frame and the second frame, and the area of the ventilation path is changed by the first spring and the second spring. With a simple configuration, pressure fluctuation in the vehicle can be suppressed.

〔Example〕

An embodiment according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes an air supply device installed on a roof portion above a vehicle body, and 2 denotes a fresh air intake grill for taking in fresh air supplied by the air supply device 1. Reference numeral 3 denotes a blower constituting the air supply device 1, which sucks fresh air through the fresh air intake grill 2 and supplies the fresh air into the passenger compartment 7. 4 is a fresh air intake side of the air supply device 1, that is, the blower 3
(Hereinafter simply referred to as a pressure reducer), the detailed structure of which will be described later. Reference numeral 5 denotes an air supply duct for distributing fresh air supplied from the air supply device 1 into the passenger compartment 7, and reference numeral 6 denotes a discharge grill provided at a portion of the air supply duct 5 for discharging the fresh air. Reference numeral 9 denotes an exhaust duct provided for exhausting the contaminated air in the passenger compartment 7, and an exhaust grill 8 is provided in the contaminated air suction portion. Reference numeral 10 denotes an exhaust device provided at a lower portion of the single unit, which communicates with the exhaust duct 9, and exhausts contaminated air in the passenger compartment 7 to the outside of the vehicle via the exhaust duct 9. Reference numeral 11 denotes a blower constituting the exhaust device 10, which performs the exhaust operation. The blower 3 and the blower 11 have the highest pressure
Use the one with high _Pmax . Reference numeral 12 denotes a pressure relaxation device provided on the exhaust side of the exhaust device 10, that is, on the downstream side of the blower 11, and has a configuration similar to that of the pressure relaxation device 4.

In such a configuration, fresh air outside the vehicle is sucked in by the blower 3 of the air supply device 1 through the fresh air suction grill 2,
The air is supplied into the passenger compartment 7 through the air supply grill 6 of the air supply duct 5. Further, the contaminated air in the passenger compartment 7 is sucked by the blower 11 of the exhaust device 10 through the exhaust grill 8 of the exhaust duct 9 and is exhausted outside the vehicle. A pressure moderator 4 is provided upstream of the air supply device 1, and the fresh air is supplied into the passenger compartment 7 through the pressure moderator 4. Further, a pressure reducer 12 is also provided on the downstream side of the exhaust device 10, and the contaminated air is exhausted outside the vehicle through the inside of the pressure reducer 12.

Next, a detailed configuration of the pressure relaxers 4 and 12 will be described. The basic configuration of the pressure relaxers 4 and 12 is substantially the same, and only the pressure relaxer 4 will be described here. 3 to 5, reference numeral 19 denotes the pressure relief device 4;
Is the outside of the vehicle that communicates with the outside of the vehicle, and 20 is the inside of the vehicle that communicates with the inside of the vehicle. Reference numeral 13 denotes a vehicle outer frame disposed on the vehicle outer side 19, which has an opening through which air can pass, and has a grill 17a attached to a downstream surface. Numeral 14 denotes an inner frame which is opposed to the outer frame 13 and is provided at a position downstream thereof so as to be movable to the upstream side. A grill 17b facing the grill 17a is attached to a surface on the outer frame 13 side.
The grills 17a and 17b are formed in a V-shape as shown in the figure, and are arranged in a staggered manner so as to face each other.
By reducing the distance between the grilles 17a and 17b, the area of the ventilation path opening is reduced. The outer frame 13 is the first
This is an example of a frame, and the inside frame 14 is an example of a second frame. Reference numeral 15 denotes a vehicle-side stopper that regulates and supports the movement of the vehicle-side frame 13 to the upstream side in the ventilation direction, that is, to the vehicle outside 19. Reference numeral 16 denotes an in-vehicle stopper that regulates and supports the movement of the in-vehicle frame 14 toward the downstream side in the ventilation direction, that is, the in-vehicle interior 20.
The outer side stopper 15 corresponds to the surface of the outer side 19 of the outer side frame 13, and the inner side stopper 16 corresponds to the inner side of the inner side frame 14.
It is arranged corresponding to 20 faces. 18 is the outer frame of the car
This is a spring that maximizes the distance between the inner frame 13 and the inner frame 14 without pressure fluctuation. The strength of the spring 18 is such that when the pressure difference between the vehicle exterior 19 and the vehicle interior 20 changes suddenly,
The outer frame 13 or the inner frame 14 can be moved by a change in the force applied to the inner frame 13 or the inner frame 14. That is, the spring 18 has a repulsive force balanced with the force F _{1 applied} by the ventilation resistance in the normal ventilation state of the outer frame 13.
Has R _1, and had a spring 18a for pressing the該車outer frame 13 to the vehicle exterior side stopper 15, the frictional force F ₂ and the minimum balances the repulsive force R ₂ with the movement of the interior side frame 14 spring 18b. Incidentally, the repulsive force of the spring 18b R ₂ is the force F ₃ exerted on the vehicle inner side frame 14 by the ventilation resistance in the normal ventilation conditions of the vehicle inside frame 14
Need to be smaller than The vehicle exterior stopper 15 is an example of a first stopper, and the vehicle interior stopper 16 is a second stopper.
It is an example of a stopper. The spring 18a is an example of a first spring, and the spring 18b is an example of a second spring. 21 is outside 19
Sudden change in the pressure difference between
When the distance between the inner frame 13 and the inner frame 14 is changed, the distance between the grills 17a and 17b is kept to a minimum, and a support guide is provided to guide the outer frame 13 and the inner frame 14 when moving. is there.

Incidentally, the pressure mitigation device 4 is provided on the upstream side of the air supply device 1, and the pressure mitigation device 12 is provided on the downstream side of the exhaust device 10. Therefore, the pressure mitigation device 12 is installed in the opposite direction to the pressure mitigation device 4.

The operation of such a configuration will be described. When the vehicle equipped with the ventilation device travels on the ground other than the tunnel, the pressure difference between the outside 19 and the inside 20 does not change, and the air supply and exhaust volumes of the air supply device 1 and the exhaust device 10 are the same, There is no or very little fluctuation in the vehicle interior pressure. At this time, the pressure relief device 4 is in a state as shown in FIG. That is, the outer frame 13 is
a is pressed against the exterior stopper 15 by the repulsive force R ₁ of and the interior side frame 14 is exerted by the ventilation resistance force
It is pressed against the interior side stopper 16 by F _3. Therefore, the distance between the outer frame 13 and the inner frame 14 does not change,
There is no change in the amount of air blown by the blower 3.

Then, the vehicle enters into the tunnel, and if the pass each other and facing the vehicle, outside pressure (in some cases the pressure side) sharply suction from the atmospheric pressure P ₀ as shown by an arrow A in FIG. 2
Changes to At this time, the outside 19 and the inside of the pressure relief device 4
At 20, a pressure difference occurs, and the amount of air passing through the pressure moderator 4 decreases. Along with this, when the force F ₃ exerted by the ventilation resistance of the interior side frame 14 is reduced, the air volume becomes 0, the force
F ₃ also becomes 0. At this time, the frictional force due to the movement of the vehicle inner frame 14
The relationship between F ₂ and the repulsive force R ₂ of the spring 18b is F ₂ ≦ R ₂ . Therefore, when the air passing through the inner frame 14 decreases or disappears, the inner frame 14 is pressed against the outer frame 13 by the spring 18b as shown in FIG. By this operation, the gap between the grills 17a and 17b is reduced, and the amount of air passing through the pressure alleviator 4 is very small, so that the backflow of air from inside the vehicle to outside the vehicle can be prevented. On the other hand, in the exhaust device 10, a pressure moderator 12 is installed in which the device relation inside and outside the vehicle is reversed with respect to the pressure moderator 4. The pressure relief device 12 will be described. When the pressure outside the vehicle becomes negative in the pressure relief device 12, the relative pressure relationship is such that the pressure outside the vehicle increases to the positive pressure side in the pressure relief device 4. Since this is the same as that of FIG. In the figure, the pressure on the outside 19 is relatively higher than the pressure on the inside 20. Therefore,
The amount of air passing through the outer frame 13 increases. This increase in airflow amount, the force F ₁ acting on該車outer frame 13 is increased than the normal state, the relationship between the repulsive force R ₁ of the spring 18a is, F _1> R ₁
Becomes As a result, the outer frame 13 is pressed toward the inner side 14, and the gap between the grilles 17a and 17b is reduced. Accordingly, the amount of air passing through the pressure moderator 4 decreases, and the amount of increase or decrease in the amount of air in the cabin can be reduced, so that the pressure change in the cabin can be minimized.

According to such a configuration, the air supply device 1 and the exhaust device
The pressure mitigation device 4 and the pressure mitigation device 10 provided in 10 change or reduce the respective ventilation opening areas in accordance with the change in the pressure outside the vehicle. Pressure change can be reduced.
Therefore, it is possible to reduce the change in the in-vehicle pressure due to the change in the outside pressure due to the high-speed running of the vehicle, so that the discomfort given to the passenger can be significantly reduced. Further, in the above-mentioned configuration, since it operates in accordance with the pressure fluctuation and does not use a control system, it is possible to prevent an increase in cost due to the installation of a control device or the like, or a complicated operation or configuration such as a wiring operation.

In the above embodiment, the configuration in which the pressure relief devices 4 and 12 are provided in the air supply device 1 and the exhaust device 10, respectively, has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this.
That is, when the vehicle travels in the tunnel, the change in the external pressure is large toward the negative pressure side. Therefore, the air supply device 1
In this case, a backflow of air occurs, and the change in vehicle interior pressure occurs most rapidly. For this reason, even if the pressure moderator 4 is provided only in the air supply device 1, the purpose of suppressing the change in the vehicle interior pressure can be sufficiently achieved.

〔The invention's effect〕

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it has a simple structure which consists of a frame provided with a plurality of grilles, a stopper, and a spring, and is caused by fluctuations in the external pressure occurring when a high-speed vehicle travels in a tunnel without using electric control. Fluctuations in the pressure inside the vehicle can be suppressed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view showing a ventilation device of a railway vehicle provided with an embodiment of the ventilation device according to the present invention, FIG. 3, 4, and 5 are cross-sectional views showing the detailed structure of the pressure reducer in FIG. 1, and FIG. 6 is a graph showing the pressure characteristics of a blower used in a ventilator. 1 ... air supply device, 3,11 ... blower, 4, 12 ... pressure relief device, 5 ... air supply duct, 9 ... exhaust duct, 10 ... exhaust device

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Morinari Hattori 794, Higashi-Toyoi, Kudamatsu-shi

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A railway having an air supply blower installed in an air supply passage for taking in air outside the vehicle into the vehicle, and an exhaust blower installed in an exhaust air passage for discharging air inside the vehicle to the outside of the vehicle. In the vehicle ventilator, an air supply-side pressure relieving device is provided upstream of the air supply blower of the air supply ventilation passage, and exhaust air is provided downstream of the exhaust ventilation passage of the exhaust air passage. A pressure moderator is provided, and the air supply side pressure moderator and the exhaust pressure moderator are each composed of a first frame, a second frame, a first stopper, a second stopper, a first spring, and a second spring. The first frame and the second frame each have an opening through which air can pass, and a plurality of grills are installed in each of the openings, and the grills are provided with an interval formed by the air passing unit. And the first frame and the second frame define the grill installation surface. Interlocking, and each grill is installed at a position to close the ventilation section between the opposed grills, the first frame and the second frame are arranged in the ventilation path so that each grill crosses the ventilation path, Further, each of the first frame and the second frame is arranged so as to be movable in a direction to reduce the distance between each other, the first stopper is provided on the upstream side of the first frame, and the second stopper is provided on the second frame. The first spring is installed on a downstream side, and is installed at a position supporting the first frame and the second frame in a state where an interval forming a ventilation path is provided between the first frame and the second frame. Is disposed so as to provide a repulsive force balanced with the ventilation resistance of the first frame in a normal state, and to push the first frame toward the first stopper, and the second spring is provided on the second frame. The anti-airflow is balanced with the movement resistance and is smaller than the ventilation resistance of the second frame in the normal state. Being disposed to said second frame comprises a force to press the said first frame side, the ventilation system for a railway vehicle according to claim.