JP2679477B2 - Fiber reinforced composite material and fiber reinforced composite material waste treatment method and recycling method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a fiber reinforced composite material used for structures such as space structures such as satellites, OA equipment, automobiles, leisure goods, and ships, and a method for treating waste and recycling. It is about the method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Fiber-reinforced composite materials such as CFRP and GFRP are obtained by solidifying inorganic fibers such as carbon and glass fibers or organic fibers such as aramid fibers with a resin such as an epoxy resin, a polyimide resin, and a polyetheretherketone resin. It was done.

The fiber-reinforced composite material is lighter in weight, higher in rigidity and higher in strength than conventional metal-based structural materials, can achieve desired mechanical properties by controlling the fiber orientation angle, and is durable. It has the features of being excellent,
For this reason, it has come to be widely used for structural materials such as space structures, aircraft, automobiles, leisure goods, hulls, and housing equipment, which are strongly required to be lightweight and durable.

[0004]

However, even though the fiber reinforced composite material (hereinafter referred to as FRP) is excellent in durability, its life is limited and eventually destined to be discarded. It may also be discarded due to obsolescence due to the development of new products.

Considering the present situation where the production amount of FRP products has been increasing in recent years and the size of products has been increased, FRP
The establishment of waste treatment of products and its recycling technology is an important issue.

The difficulty in treating FRP product waste is due to the characteristics of the material such as high rigidity, high strength and excellent durability. FRP has characteristics such as high rigidity and high strength
Makes it difficult to cut and crush. In addition, a thermosetting resin having excellent durability is often used as the matrix resin, and melting with heat or a solvent is difficult.

Moreover, the apparent specific gravity of FRP products is 0.1
The following are disadvantageous for transportation and landfill (in the case of municipal waste, the apparent specific gravity is about 0.3).

It is an object of the present invention to provide a fiber-reinforced composite material which is easy to reduce in volume and recycle, and a method of treating and recycling the composite material waste.

[0009]

In order to achieve the above object, the fiber-reinforced composite material according to the present invention is a fiber-reinforced composite material in which composite material layers and resin layers are alternately laminated and integrated. The material layer is made by filling inorganic reinforcing fibers such as carbon and glass fibers or organic reinforcing fibers such as aramid fibers into a resin such as epoxy resin and solidifying the resin layer, and the resin layer is formed of an organic solvent, an acid or an alkaline solution. , A resin material that is decomposed or dissolved by radiation or heat.

Further, in the method for treating the fiber-reinforced composite material waste, there is provided a method for treating the fiber-reinforced composite material waste in which the volume of the waste of the fiber-reinforced composite material is reduced. The layer and the resin layer are alternately laminated and integrated, and the volume reduction treatment is carried out by applying a solvent, an acid, an alkali, radiation or heat to the fiber reinforced composite material to dissolve or dissolve the resin layer of the composite material. It is a process of decomposing and separating and removing from the composite material layer.

Further, in the method for recycling the fiber-reinforced composite material waste, the waste of the fiber-reinforced composite material is recycled into a composite by having a resin layer removing treatment, a pulverizing treatment and a solidification treatment. A method for recycling fiber-reinforced composite material waste, wherein the fiber-reinforced composite material is a composite material layer and a resin layer that are alternately laminated and integrated.
The process of dissolving or decomposing the resin layer of the fiber-reinforced composite material to separate the composite material layer into each layer, the crushing process is a process of crushing the separated composite material layer, and the solidification process is the composite material layer. This is a process of filling the pulverized product of No. 3 into a resin and solidifying it into a fixed form.

[0012]

The composite material of the present invention comprises a composite material layer in which reinforcing fibers are filled in a resin and a resin layer which dissolves in an organic solvent, an acid or alkali solution, or a resin layer which decomposes or dissolves by radiation or heat. .

When the composite material is immersed in an organic solvent, an acid or alkali solution, or exposed to a radiation or thermal environment, the resin layer provided between the composite material layers is decomposed or dissolved. Thereby, the composite material is separated into the composite material layers of the respective layers. The separated composite material layer has a small thickness (in the case of CFRP, the composite material layer has a thickness of about 100 μm) and has low rigidity and strength, so that it can be easily compressed, cut and crushed. It is also possible to fill the crushed product in a resin and reuse it.

By using a resin layer having a high vibration absorbing ability and a ductile characteristic, not only the ease of processing and reusing the FRP waste but also the vibration damping characteristic and strength characteristic of the FRP material itself are used. It is possible to improve the above (see Japanese Patent Application No. 63-029480).

The fiber-reinforced composite material layer is obtained by preliminarily impregnating reinforced fibers with a high-rigidity resin such as epoxy resin, polyimide resin, polyetheretherketone resin, and heat-molded into various shapes, as well as epoxy resin and polyimide resin. With such thermosetting resins, after impregnating these fibers, a mild prepreg state (B-
Anything from the stage) can be used.

Known reinforcing fibers can be used, and inorganic fibers such as carbon fibers, alumina fibers, silicon carbide fibers and glass fibers, and organic fibers such as aramid fibers and tecmiron can be used. As the form of these fibers, ones aligned in one direction, knitted fabrics (plain weave, twill weave, sushi weave, etc.), cut short fibers, and mat-like woven fabric in which short fibers are intertwined can be used.

[0017]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention.

In the figure, in the embodiment, a composite material layer 1 made of carbon fibers aligned in one direction and an epoxy resin and a film-shaped polyolefin resin layer 2 which is soluble in a solvent such as toluene or benzene are alternately laminated. An integrated example is shown.

The fiber direction of the composite material layer 1 is made different for each layer in each step, and in the embodiment, 0 ° is successively set with respect to the sample longitudinal direction.
+ 45 °, −45 °, 90 °, 90 °, −45 °, +4
It is set to 5 ° and 0 °.

In the examples, the composite material prepreg sheet (the epoxy resin of the composite material layer 1 is in a semi-cured state) and the resin film layer 2 were laminated and cured by an autoclave.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a method of treating the composite material waste 3 shown in FIG.

In FIG. 2A, the composite material waste 3 is immersed in the benzene liquid 4. If left in this state for several hours, the resin layer 2 film will dissolve and the composite material waste 3
Separates into the composite material layer 1 as shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 (a) shows a square tube-shaped composite material waste 4
This is an example of a case where (vertical 200 mm, width 200 mm, length 400 m, thickness 2.5 mm) is processed in the above manner.
The volume of this waste is 16,000 cm ^3. Conventionally, this volume becomes the waste volume as it is, but according to the method of the present invention, it is crushed into a flat plate shape as shown in FIG. 2 (b) due to the dissolution of the resin layer. It becomes possible, and the waste volume becomes 800 cm ³ , and it is possible to reduce the volume by 1/20.

FIG. 4 shows a composite plate 7 prepared by filling a polyvinyl chloride resin 6 with a pulverized product 5 obtained by crushing the composite material layer 1 which has been processed and separated in the above manner with a crusher. The energy required for crushing is about 1 because it is separated into the composite material layer 1.
/ 10.

Further, this composite plate 7 has a large elastic modulus (1200 Kgf / mm ² :
Polyvinyl chloride resin 6).

In the above examples, a material that dissolves in a solvent is used for the resin layer, but a material that dissolves in an acid or an alkali,
Alternatively, when a material that decomposes when exposed to radiation or a thermal environment is used, the procedure for its treatment and recycling is basically the same.

[0028]

As described above, according to the present invention, it becomes possible to realize a fiber reinforced composite material which is easy to treat and reuse waste, and has an effect of solving these FRP waste treatment problems. Is.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a method for treating a composite material waste according to the present invention, in which (a) is a state during treatment and (b) is a diagram showing a form of the waste after treatment.

FIG. 3 (a) is a diagram showing the shape of a composite material waste,
(B) is a figure which shows the shape of the composite material waste volume-reduced by the method of this invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a composite plate in which FRP waste is recycled.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 composite material layer consisting of epoxy resin and carbon fiber 2 polyolefin film-like resin layer dissolved in a solvent such as toluene or benzene 3 composite material waste 4 benzene liquid 5 crushed material 6 polyvinyl chloride 7 composite board

Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Agency reference number FI Technical display location // B29K 105: 26

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A fiber-reinforced composite material in which a composite material layer and a resin layer are alternately laminated and integrated, wherein the composite material layer is an inorganic reinforcing fiber such as carbon or glass fiber or an organic reinforcing fiber such as aramid fiber. Is a resin-filled resin such as an epoxy resin and solidified, and the resin layer is a resin material that is decomposed or dissolved by an organic solvent, an acid, an alkaline solution, radiation or heat. material. 2. A method for treating a fiber-reinforced composite material waste for reducing the volume of a waste of a fiber-reinforced composite material, wherein the fiber-reinforced composite material comprises a composite material layer and a resin layer alternately laminated and integrated. The volume reduction treatment is a treatment for dissolving or decomposing the resin layer of the composite material by applying a solvent, an acid, an alkaline solution, radiation or heat to the fiber reinforced composite material, and separating and removing from the composite material layer. A method for treating waste of fiber-reinforced composite material, characterized in that 3. A method of recycling a fiber-reinforced composite material waste, which comprises a resin layer removal treatment, a pulverization treatment, and a solidification treatment, and recycles the waste material of the fiber-reinforced composite material into a composite. The fiber-reinforced composite material is a composite material layer and a resin layer which are alternately laminated and integrated. The resin layer removal treatment is performed by dissolving or decomposing the resin layer of the fiber-reinforced composite material into the composite material layer. The crushing process is a process of crushing the separated composite material layer, and the solidification process is a process of filling the crushed material of the composite material layer into a resin and solidifying it into a fixed form. A method for recycling waste of fiber-reinforced composite material, which is characterized by being present.