JP2993267B2 - Fiber reinforced composite material and its waste disposal method - Google Patents
Fiber reinforced composite material and its waste disposal methodInfo
- Publication number
- JP2993267B2 JP2993267B2 JP7821492A JP7821492A JP2993267B2 JP 2993267 B2 JP2993267 B2 JP 2993267B2 JP 7821492 A JP7821492 A JP 7821492A JP 7821492 A JP7821492 A JP 7821492A JP 2993267 B2 JP2993267 B2 JP 2993267B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- composite material
- resin
- fiber
- layer
- reinforced composite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B17/0206—Selectively separating reinforcements from matrix material by destroying the interface bound before disintegrating the matrix to particles or powder, e.g. from tires or belts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2307/00—Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement
- B29K2307/04—Carbon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、人工衛星等宇宙構造
物，ＯＡ機器，自動車，レジャー用品，船体などの構造
体に用いられている繊維強化複合材料と、廃棄物の処理
方法及び再生利用方法に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fiber-reinforced composite material used for structures such as space structures such as satellites, office automation equipment, automobiles, leisure goods, and hulls, and a method for treating and recycling waste. It is about the method.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】ＣＦＲＰやＧＦＲＰなどの繊維強化複合
材料は、カーボンやガラス繊維などの無機繊維又はアラ
ミド繊維などの有機繊維をエポキシ樹脂，ポリイミド樹
脂，ポリエーテルエーテルケトン樹脂などの樹脂で固型
化したものである。2. Description of the Related Art Fiber-reinforced composite materials such as CFRP and GFRP are obtained by solidifying inorganic fibers such as carbon and glass fibers or organic fibers such as aramid fibers with a resin such as an epoxy resin, a polyimide resin, and a polyetheretherketone resin. It was done.
【０００３】前記繊維強化複合材料は、従来の金属系構
造材料に比較して軽量・高剛性・高強度であること、繊
維配向角を制御することにより所望の機械特性を実現で
きること、耐久性に優れるといった特長を有しており、
このため、軽量化や耐久性が強く要求される宇宙構造
物，航空機，自動車，レジャー用品，船体，住宅機材な
どの構造材料に巾広く用いられるようになった。[0003] The fiber-reinforced composite material has a light weight, a high rigidity and a high strength as compared with the conventional metal-based structural material, a desired mechanical property can be realized by controlling a fiber orientation angle, and a durability. It has features such as excellence,
For this reason, it has come to be widely used for structural materials such as space structures, aircraft, automobiles, leisure goods, hulls, housing equipment, and the like, which are strongly required to be lightweight and durable.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、繊維強化複合
材料（以下ＦＲＰとする）が耐久性に優れるといって
も、その寿命は有限であり、いずれは廃棄される運命に
ある。また、新製品の開発による陳腐化によって廃棄さ
れる場合もある。However, even if a fiber reinforced composite material (hereinafter referred to as FRP) is excellent in durability, its life is finite and eventually it is destined to be discarded. In addition, there are cases in which new products are made obsolete and discarded.
【０００５】近年のＦＲＰ製品の生産量の増大とともに
製品の大型化が進められている現状を考えると、ＦＲＰ
製品の廃棄物処理及びその再利用化技術の確立は重要な
課題である。[0005] Considering the current situation where the production volume of FRP products has been increasing along with the recent increase in the production volume of FRP products,
Establishment of technology for product waste treatment and its reuse is an important issue.
【０００６】ＦＲＰ製品廃棄物の処理の難しさは、高剛
性，高強度及び耐久性に優れているといった材料の特長
に起因する。高剛性，高強度といった特性は、ＦＲＰの
切断や粉砕を困難なものとする。また、マトリックス樹
脂には耐久性に優れる熱硬化性樹脂が使用される場合が
多く、熱や溶媒などによる溶融も難しい。[0006] The difficulty of treating FRP product waste is due to the characteristics of the material such as high rigidity, high strength and excellent durability. Characteristics such as high rigidity and high strength make it difficult to cut or crush the FRP. In addition, a thermosetting resin having excellent durability is often used as the matrix resin, and it is difficult to melt by heat or a solvent.
【０００７】しかも、ＦＲＰ製品の見掛け比重は０．１
以下であり、運搬，埋め立てに対して不利である（都市
ゴミの場合、見掛け比重は０．３程度である）。Further, the apparent specific gravity of the FRP product is 0.1.
This is disadvantageous for transportation and landfill (in the case of urban garbage, the apparent specific gravity is about 0.3).
【０００８】本発明の目的は、減容処理並び再生利用が
容易な繊維強化複合材料及びその複合材料廃棄物の処理
並びに再生利用方法を提供することにある。An object of the present invention is to provide a fiber-reinforced composite material which is easy to reduce in volume and recycle, and to provide a method for treating and recycling the waste of the composite material.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するた
め、本発明による繊維強化複合材料においては、複合材
料層と樹脂層とを積層一体化した繊維強化複合材料であ
って、複合材料層は、カーボン，ガラス繊維などの無機
強化繊維又はアラミド繊維などの有機強化繊維をエポキ
シ樹脂などの樹脂に充填して固型化したものであり、樹
脂層は、電流を流すことにより発を発生する発熱体と、
前記熱により分解又は溶融する樹脂とからなるものであ
る。Means for Solving the Problems To achieve the above object, a fiber reinforced composite material according to the present invention is a fiber reinforced composite material in which a composite material layer and a resin layer are laminated and integrated, wherein the composite material layer is It is made by filling a resin such as an epoxy resin with an inorganic reinforcing fiber such as carbon or glass fiber or an organic reinforcing fiber such as aramid fiber, and solidifying the resin. The resin layer generates heat when an electric current flows. Body and
And a resin that decomposes or melts due to the heat.
【００１０】また、本発明に係る繊維強化複合材料廃棄
物の処理方法は、繊維強化複合材料の廃棄物を減容処理
する繊維強化複合材料廃棄物の処理方法であって、繊維
強化複合材料は、複合材料層と樹脂層とが積層一体化さ
れたものであり、減容処理は、樹脂層に設けられた発熱
体に電流を流し、熱を発生させ、前記熱により該複合材
料の樹脂層を構成する樹脂を溶融又は分解させ、複合材
料層から分離除去する処理である。Further, the method for treating fiber-reinforced composite material waste according to the present invention is a method for treating fiber-reinforced composite material waste by reducing the volume of fiber-reinforced composite material waste. The composite material layer and the resin layer are laminated and integrated, and the volume reduction treatment is to apply a current to a heating element provided in the resin layer to generate heat, and the heat is applied to the resin layer of the composite material. This is a process of melting or decomposing the resin constituting and separating and removing the resin from the composite material layer.
【００１１】[0011]
【作用】本発明の複合材料は、強化繊維を樹脂に充填し
た複合材料層と、電流を流すことにより熱を発生する発
熱体と前記熱により分解又は溶融する樹脂からなる樹脂
層とにより構成される。The composite material of the present invention is composed of a composite material layer in which reinforcing fibers are filled in a resin, a heating element that generates heat by passing an electric current, and a resin layer made of a resin that is decomposed or melted by the heat. You.
【００１２】前記複合材料の樹脂層の発熱体に電流を流
すことで、発熱体が熱を発生し、前記熱により、周りの
樹脂が分解又は溶融する。これにより、複合材料は、各
層の複合材料層にばらばらに分離される。分離された複
合材料層の厚みは薄く（ＣＦＲＰの場合、複合材料層の
厚みは〜１００μｍ程度）、剛性や強度も低いため、容
易に圧縮・切断・粉砕できる。また、前記粉砕物を樹脂
に充填し再利用することも可能となる。When a current is applied to the heating element of the resin layer of the composite material, the heating element generates heat, and the heat causes the surrounding resin to decompose or melt . This separates the composite material into separate composite material layers. Since the thickness of the separated composite material layer is small (in the case of CFRP, the thickness of the composite material layer is about 100 μm) and the rigidity and strength are low, it can be easily compressed, cut, and crushed. Further, it becomes possible to fill the resin with the pulverized material and reuse it.
【００１３】樹脂層に、振動吸収能の高いものや延性的
特性を有するものを用いることで、ＦＲＰ廃棄物の処理
・再利用の容易性だけでなく、ＦＲＰ材料自身の振動減
衰特性や強度特性を合わせて改善することが可能となる
（特願昭６３−０２９４８０号参照）。By using a resin layer having a high vibration absorption capacity or a material having ductile properties, not only is it easy to treat and reuse FRP waste, but also the vibration damping and strength characteristics of the FRP material itself. (See Japanese Patent Application No. 63-029480).
【００１４】繊維強化複合材料層は、強化繊維をエポキ
シ樹脂，ポリイミド樹脂，ポリエーテルエーテルケトン
樹脂などの高剛性樹脂により固形化したものが使用でき
る。強化繊維は、公知のものが使用でき、炭素繊維，ア
ルミナ繊維，炭化ケイ素繊維，ガラス繊維などの無機繊
維，アラミド繊維，テクミロンなどの有機繊維が使用で
きる。これら繊維の形態としては一方向に引き揃えたも
の、編物（平織，あや織，しゅす織など）や切断した短
繊維，短繊維が絡みあったマット状の織物が使用でき
る。As the fiber-reinforced composite material layer, a layer obtained by solidifying reinforcing fibers with a high-rigidity resin such as an epoxy resin, a polyimide resin, or a polyetheretherketone resin can be used. Known reinforcing fibers can be used, and inorganic fibers such as carbon fiber, alumina fiber, silicon carbide fiber, and glass fiber, and organic fibers such as aramid fiber and techmilon can be used. Examples of the form of these fibers include unidirectionally woven fabrics, knitted fabrics (plain weave, twill weave, shuffle weave, etc.), cut short fibers, and mat-like woven fabrics in which short fibers are entangled.
【００１５】[0015]
【実施例】以下に本発明の実施例を図によって説明す
る。図１に本発明の繊維強化複合材料の断面図を示す。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention.
【００１６】図において、実施例は一方向に引き揃えカ
ーボン繊維とエポキシ樹脂からなる複合材料層１と、ポ
リオレフィン系の樹脂とニッケルクロム抵抗線からなる
樹脂層２とを積層一体化した例を示している。複合材料
層１の繊維方向は、試料長手方向に対して０°，＋４５
°，−４５°，９０°，９０°，−４５°，＋４５°，
０°である。複合材料のプリプレグシート（複合材料層
１のエポキシ樹脂が半硬化状態のもの）と樹脂フィルム
層２を積層し、オートクレーブにより硬化して作製し
た。In the drawings, the embodiment shows an example in which a composite material layer 1 made of carbon fiber and epoxy resin is aligned in one direction, and a resin layer 2 made of a polyolefin resin and a nickel chrome resistance wire is laminated and integrated. ing. The fiber direction of the composite material layer 1 is 0 °, +45 with respect to the longitudinal direction of the sample.
°, -45 °, 90 °, 90 °, -45 °, + 45 °,
0 °. A prepreg sheet of a composite material (in which the epoxy resin of the composite material layer 1 is in a semi-cured state) and a resin film layer 2 were laminated and cured by an autoclave.
【００１７】図２に、樹脂層２の例を示す。熱で溶融す
るポリオレフィン樹脂３の中に、ニッケルクロムヒータ
ー線４が渦巻状に設けられている。ヒーター線４の端部
には、端子５が設けてあり、この端子５に電圧を加える
と、ニッケルクロムヒーター線４が発熱し、樹脂３が前
記熱により溶融する。FIG. 2 shows an example of the resin layer 2. A nickel chrome heater wire 4 is spirally provided in the polyolefin resin 3 which is melted by heat. A terminal 5 is provided at an end of the heater wire 4. When a voltage is applied to the terminal 5, the nickel chrome heater wire 4 generates heat, and the resin 3 is melted by the heat.
【００１８】図３は、図１に示す複合材料廃棄物の処理
法の例を示す。図において、樹脂層２に設けられた端子
５は、並列に接続され、その両端に電源が設けられてい
る。電源により端子５に電圧が加えられると、各樹脂層
２のヒーターの発熱により樹脂が溶融し、複合材料廃棄
物は、複合材料層１に分離する。FIG. 3 shows an example of a method for treating the composite material waste shown in FIG. In the figure, terminals 5 provided on a resin layer 2 are connected in parallel, and a power supply is provided at both ends. When a voltage is applied to the terminal 5 by the power supply, the resin is melted by the heat generated by the heater of each resin layer 2, and the composite material waste is separated into the composite material layer 1.
【００１９】図４（ａ）は、“□”の字型複合材料廃棄
物７（縦２００ｍｍ，横２００ｍｍ，長さ４００ｍｍ，
厚さ２．５ｍｍ）を前記要領で処理した場合の例であ
る。この場合の廃棄物の容積は１６，０００ｃｍ3であ
り、従来法ではこの容積がそのまま廃棄容積となるが、
本発明によれば樹脂層の溶融により図４（ｂ）のように
偏平板状に圧縮が可能となり、その容積は８００ｃｍ3
となり、実に１／２０の減容化が可能となる。FIG. 4 (a) shows a composite material waste 7 having a shape of “□” (length 200 mm, width 200 mm, length 400 mm,
This is an example of the case where the thickness is 2.5 mm). In this case, the volume of the waste is 16,000 cm 3 , and this volume is directly used as the waste volume in the conventional method.
The melting of the accordance if the resin layer of the present invention enables compression in a flat plate shape as shown in FIG. 4 (b), the volume thereof is 800 cm 3
Thus, the volume can be reduced by 1/20.
【００２０】図５は、樹脂層２の例を示す。この例で
は、熱で溶融するポリオレフィン樹脂３の中に、導電性
短繊維８を充填している。樹脂層２の両端には、端子５
が設けてある。この端子５に高周波電圧を加えること
で、各導電性繊維間にある樹脂の抵抗や導電性繊維同士
の接触抵抗により熱が発生し、樹脂３が溶融し、減容す
る。FIG. 5 shows an example of the resin layer 2. In this example, the conductive short fibers 8 are filled in the polyolefin resin 3 that is melted by heat. Terminals 5 are provided at both ends of the resin layer 2.
Is provided. When a high-frequency voltage is applied to the terminal 5, heat is generated due to the resistance of the resin between the conductive fibers and the contact resistance between the conductive fibers, and the resin 3 is melted and reduced in volume.
【００２１】[0021]
【発明の効果】以上のように本発明によれば、廃棄物の
処理・再利用が容易な繊維強化複合材料を実現すること
が可能となり、これらＦＲＰの廃棄問題を解決できる効
果を有するものである。As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to realize a fiber-reinforced composite material which can easily treat and reuse waste, and has an effect of solving the problem of disposing of FRP. is there.
【図１】本発明の実施例を示す断面図である。FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】樹脂層の実施例を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a view showing an example of a resin layer.
【図３】本発明の複合材料廃棄物の処理方法の実施例を
示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a method for treating composite material waste according to the present invention.
【図４】本発明の処理方法を用いた場合の廃棄物容積と
従来方法の廃棄物容積の比較を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a comparison between a waste volume in the case of using the treatment method of the present invention and a waste volume in the conventional method.
【図５】樹脂層の例を示す図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a resin layer.
１ エポキシ樹脂とカーボン繊維からなる複合材料層 ２ ポリオレフィンと発熱体からなる樹脂層 1 Composite material layer composed of epoxy resin and carbon fiber 2 Resin layer composed of polyolefin and heating element
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.6 識別記号 ＦＩ Ｂ２９Ｋ 105:26 (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.6，ＤＢ名) B29B 17/00 - 17/02 B29B 11/16 B09B 3/00 - 5/00 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. 6 identification code FI B29K 105: 26 (58) Investigated field (Int.Cl. 6 , DB name) B29B 17/00-17/02 B29B 11/16 B09B 3/00-5/00
Claims (2)
維強化複合材料であって、 複合材料層は、カーボン，ガラス繊維などの無機強化繊
維又はアラミド繊維などの有機強化繊維をエポキシ樹脂
などの樹脂に充填して固型化したものであり、 樹脂層は、電流を流すことにより熱を発生する発熱体
と、前記熱により分解又は溶融する樹脂とからなるもの
であることを特徴とする繊維強化複合材料。1. A fiber reinforced composite material in which a composite material layer and a resin layer are laminated and integrated, wherein the composite material layer is formed of an inorganic reinforced fiber such as carbon or glass fiber or an organic reinforced fiber such as aramid fiber by epoxy resin The resin layer is formed by filling a resin such as a resin, and the resin layer is made of a heating element that generates heat by passing an electric current, and a resin that is decomposed or melted by the heat. Fiber reinforced composite material.
繊維強化複合材料廃棄物の処理方法であって、 繊維強化複合材料は、複合材料層と樹脂層とが積層一体
化されたものであり、 減容処理は、樹脂層に設けられた発熱体に電流を流し、
熱を発生させ、前記熱により該複合材料の樹脂層を構成
する樹脂を溶融又は分解させ、複合材料層から分離除去
する処理であることを特徴とする繊維強化複合材料廃棄
物の処理方法。2. A method for treating fiber-reinforced composite material waste by reducing the volume of the fiber-reinforced composite material waste, wherein the fiber-reinforced composite material comprises a composite material layer and a resin layer laminated and integrated. In the volume reduction process, a current is applied to a heating element provided in the resin layer,
A method for treating fiber-reinforced composite material waste, comprising generating heat, melting or decomposing the resin constituting the resin layer of the composite material by the heat, and separating and removing the resin from the composite material layer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7821492A JP2993267B2 (en) | 1992-02-28 | 1992-02-28 | Fiber reinforced composite material and its waste disposal method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7821492A JP2993267B2 (en) | 1992-02-28 | 1992-02-28 | Fiber reinforced composite material and its waste disposal method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05237841A JPH05237841A (en) | 1993-09-17 |
| JP2993267B2 true JP2993267B2 (en) | 1999-12-20 |
Family
ID=13655804
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7821492A Expired - Fee Related JP2993267B2 (en) | 1992-02-28 | 1992-02-28 | Fiber reinforced composite material and its waste disposal method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2993267B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5123490B2 (en) * | 2006-04-10 | 2013-01-23 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Body structure and method for dismantling body structure |
| DE102009002157B4 (en) * | 2009-04-02 | 2012-06-06 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Method and device for aligning nonmagnetic electrically conductive fibers |
| JP6825531B2 (en) * | 2017-10-02 | 2021-02-03 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Carbon fiber recovery method |
-
1992
- 1992-02-28 JP JP7821492A patent/JP2993267B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH05237841A (en) | 1993-09-17 |
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