JP2718288B2 - Automotive air conditioners - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vehicle air conditioner.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, using a microcomputer,
Based on information from various sensors installed inside and outside the vehicle, the number of rotations of the mix damper and blower motor that regulates the temperature of air blown into the room is automatically controlled, reducing the driver's operation frequency and improving safety and comfort. Improved air conditioning control is being performed.

In performing such air conditioning control, the amount of solar radiation as well as the outside air temperature and the indoor temperature is a major factor in the control. In general control, if the amount of solar radiation increases, control such as lowering the blow-out temperature or increasing the blower air volume is performed.

[0004] The amount of solar radiation is detected by a solar radiation sensor such as a photodiode mounted in the vehicle interior (mainly on the upper part of the dashboard), and is converted into data on the amount of solar radiation by a control amplifier. However, if the input solar radiation data was used directly for control, for example, when the solar radiation suddenly changed due to entering or exiting a building or entering or exiting a tunnel, the blowout temperature and blower air volume would fluctuate suddenly and give passengers Problems such as discomfort occur.

In order to solve these problems, a method has been devised in which a process such as an integration operation is performed on the input solar radiation so that the solar radiation used for control does not suddenly change. In this method, the integral calculation is performed with the same time constant when the solar radiation increases or decreases, but this is not enough to correct the feeling against the change in the solar radiation. For example, it is better to follow up quickly when solar radiation increases and to follow up slowly when solar radiation decreases. For example, in the case of a tunnel, when entering the tunnel, there is still hot air before that, so it is better to reduce the amount of control solar radiation slowly. It is better to follow the solar radiation quickly.

In order to solve these problems, a method has been proposed in which a time constant used for the integration operation is selected depending on whether the amount of solar radiation is increasing or decreasing. A conventional example of these controls is disclosed in
There is one disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 6213.

FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram of a conventional automobile air conditioner. The inputs of various sensors such as the solar radiation detecting means 10, the inside air sensor, and the water temperature sensor are selected by the analog switch 2 by a selection signal from the microcomputer 1,
The signal is converted into a digital signal by the A / D converter 3 and input to the microcomputer 1. The microcomputer 1 also receives digital signals such as A / C switches and blower switches. The microcomputer 1 determines the position of the mix damper, the voltage of the blower motor, the O
N, OFF, etc. are calculated, and the mix damper driving unit 4,
By outputting to the blower motor control unit 5 and the clutch drive unit 6, comfortable air conditioning is realized.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart of control by the microcomputer 1. When the power is turned on and the microcomputer 1 is started, first, at step 100, initialization of registers, flags, input / output ports, and the like is performed. Next, in step 101, digital signals such as an A / C switch and a blower switch are inputted, and in step 102, analog signals such as the inside air temperature, the outside air temperature, and the amount of solar radiation are inputted. Then, in step 103, processing is performed on the input detected amount of solar radiation to calculate a control amount of solar radiation used for control. Using the control solar radiation, the mix damper is controlled in step 104, the blower motor is controlled in step 105, and the air conditioner is controlled in step 106.

FIG. 13 is a detailed flowchart of the solar radiation calculation control in step 103 of the conventional example. Step 15
At 0, the detected solar radiation amount _QNEW is input from the solar radiation detecting means. In step 151, the Q input in step 150
The magnitude of _NEW is compared with the immediately preceding solar radiation amount Q _OLD entered one time before. When it is determined that the detected amount of solar radiation Q _NEW is larger than the immediately preceding amount of solar radiation Q _OLD , that is, when it is determined that the amount of solar radiation tends to increase, a time constant A is selected in step 152. When it is determined that the detected amount of solar radiation Q _NEW is smaller than the immediately preceding amount of solar radiation Q _OLD , that is, when it is determined that the amount of solar radiation tends to decrease, a time constant B is selected in step 154.
If it is determined that the detected amount of solar radiation Q _NEW is equal to the immediately preceding amount of solar radiation Q _OLD , that is, if it is determined that the amount of solar radiation has not changed, the time constant A or B selected last time is selected in step 153. . The time constant B is set to a value larger than the time constant A in order to slowly follow the solar radiation when it decreases. In step 155, the control solar radiation amount is calculated based on the selected time constant, and the processing ends. For example, if the amount of solar radiation is 5
00 kcal / m ² · h (hereinafter the unit is described as kcal)
If it changes from 600 kcal to 600 kcal, it is determined in step 151 that it is increasing, the time constant A is selected in step 152, and the control solar radiation is calculated in step 155.

[0010]

However, in the above-described configuration, since it is determined whether the amount of insolation has increased or decreased with respect to the immediately preceding amount of insolation, for example, the amount of insolation can be reduced by 50 in a short time.
Considering the case where it changes to 0 kcal, 800 kcal, and 700 kcal, even if the calculated control solar radiation when the detected solar radiation becomes 700 kcal is 600 kcal, in step 151, from 800 kcal to 700 kcal
It is determined that kcal has decreased, and processing is performed with a long time constant B.
However, in view of the overall flow, it is more appropriate to determine that the amount of solar radiation is increasing, and there is a problem in that control different from the actual request is performed.

Further, in the above configuration, the same time constant is obtained regardless of whether the amount of change in the amount of solar radiation is large or small. However, actually, the room temperature rises faster when the temperature changes from 0 kcal to 800 kcal than when the temperature changes from 0 kcal to 400 kcal, and the feeling changes immediately.
Therefore, it is better that the control solar radiation follows quickly and is corrected.

When the amount of solar radiation decreases, for example, when entering a tunnel, the same applies when entering a tunnel from 800 kcal and when entering a tunnel from 300 kcal. The amount of heat present is high, so the controlled solar radiation should decrease slowly.

As a countermeasure against this problem, a method of calculating a time constant in proportion to the magnitude of the change amount can be considered. However, even with this method, even when the change from 100 kcal to 500 kcal, the change from 500 kcal to 900 kcal occurs. Even when the time is the same. In this case also 500k
There is a demand that we want to follow from cal to 900 kcal faster, so it does not match. In addition to the above, there are other requirements for changes in solar radiation, such as when the amount of solar radiation changes little by little, we would like you to follow it faster as the amount of solar radiation increases, but an inexpensive microcomputer has satisfied all these requirements. It was difficult to control.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and performs processing of an optimal amount of insolation even for changes in insolation under various conditions, and in particular, sudden changes such as entering and exiting a tunnel. An object of the present invention is to provide an air conditioner for a vehicle which performs comfortable and comfortable air conditioning control in response to the above problems.

[0015]

To solve the above-mentioned problems, an automotive air conditioner according to the present invention comprises a solar radiation detecting means for detecting the amount of solar radiation received by a vehicle, and a solar radiation detected by the solar radiation detecting means. In an air conditioner for a vehicle that performs processing on the amount of light to obtain a control amount of solar radiation and automatically performs air conditioning based on the control amount of solar radiation, the outside air temperature, the indoor temperature, and the like, a deviation between the detected amount of solar radiation and the control amount of solar radiation, (detection A solar radiation deviation calculating means for calculating the amount of solar radiation-control solar radiation), and a solar radiation variation calculating means for obtaining a change in the control solar radiation based on the detected solar radiation and the solar radiation deviation obtained by the solar radiation deviation calculating means. And a control solar radiation amount calculating means for calculating a new control solar radiation amount from the control solar radiation amount and the solar radiation change amount obtained by the solar radiation change amount calculating means.

Further, the solar radiation variation calculating means is performed by fuzzy inference means. Further, the fuzzy rule used in the fuzzy inference means reduces the amount of solar radiation change when the detected amount of solar radiation is small and the amount of solar radiation deviation is large on the negative side, so that the detected amount of solar radiation is large and the amount of solar radiation deviation is large. Is larger on the positive side, the solar radiation variation is increased.

[0017]

According to the present invention, there is provided a solar irradiance change calculating means for obtaining a control solar irradiance change amount based on a detected solar irradiance and (detected solar irradiance-control solar irradiance), and a control solar irradiance and solar irradiance change amount calculating means. By providing a control solar radiation amount calculating means for calculating a control solar radiation amount newer than the solar radiation change amount obtained in the above, the optimal solar radiation amount processing can be performed even for the solar radiation changes under various conditions, and it is comfortable and comfortable. Good air conditioning control of the ring can be realized.

Further, by using fuzzy inference in the solar radiation change amount calculating means, it is possible to relatively easily and flexibly cope with various solar radiation change patterns without using complicated control.

Further, the fuzzy rule used for fuzzy inference is such that when the detected amount of solar radiation is small and the amount of solar radiation deviation or (detected solar radiation-control solar radiation) is large on the negative side, the amount of change in solar radiation is reduced and the detected solar radiation is increased. By configuring the solar radiation variation to be large when the solar radiation deviation is large on the positive side, it is possible to perform near-ideal control even for sudden changes in the solar radiation such as entering or exiting a tunnel. it can.

[0020]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an air conditioner for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The configuration of the automotive air conditioner is the same as that of the conventional example, and the description is omitted.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a control solar radiation calculation of a vehicle air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention. The solar radiation detecting means 20 detects the amount of solar radiation by a solar radiation sensor or the like, and outputs the detected amount of solar radiation. The insolation deviation calculating means 21 inputs the detected insolation amount output from the insolation amount detecting means 20 and the control insolation amount output from the control insolation amount calculating means 23 at predetermined time intervals, and calculates the deviation between the two. The amount of insolation-the amount of control insolation) is obtained and output to the insolation change amount calculating means 22.
The solar irradiance change calculating means 22 calculates the solar irradiance change from (detected solar irradiance-control solar irradiance) and the detected solar irradiance input from the solar irradiance detector 20. In the control solar radiation calculating means 23,
A new control solar irradiance is obtained from the current control solar irradiance and the solar irradiance change, and a new control solar irradiance is output. This control solar radiation is also output to the solar radiation deviation calculating means 21 and is used for the next calculation of (detected solar radiation-control solar radiation).

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the control solar radiation calculation when this control is performed by a microcomputer. Since the flowchart of the entire control is the same as that of FIG. 12 described in the embodiment, the description is omitted. The routine for calculating the amount of solar radiation is executed at regular time intervals. First, in step 300, the amount of detected solar radiation is input from the solar radiation detecting means 20. Step 301 is the solar radiation deviation calculating means 21 for calculating (detected solar radiation-control solar radiation). Step 302
Is a solar radiation change amount calculating means 22, which calculates the solar radiation change amount from the detected solar radiation amount and (detected solar radiation amount-control solar radiation amount). Step 303 is the control solar radiation amount calculating means 23, which calculates the control solar radiation amount and the solar radiation change amount to obtain a new control solar radiation amount.

As a configuration, the solar radiation variation calculating means 2
2 and the control solar irradiance calculating means 23 together, the control solar irradiance may be directly obtained from the detected solar irradiance and (detected solar irradiance-control solar irradiance), or the time constant may be obtained by the solar irradiance change calculating means 22. You may.

Next, a case where fuzzy inference means is used for calculating the amount of change in solar radiation by the amount of change in solar radiation calculation means 22 will be described. First, in fuzzy inference, the rules of control are "if ...
Then ... ", That is," IF
-THEN rule ". For example, IF
A1 = Slightly large and A2 = Small THEN
B = slightly smaller. Inputs correspond to A1 and A2, and B is an output. Fuzzy inference is characterized by ambiguous expressions such as "slightly large" and "small" in the rules. The rules written in this way are called fuzzy rules. In the fuzzy rules, "if ..."
"" Is the antecedent part, and "TH"
The "EN ..." part is called the consequent part. In this way, in fuzzy inference, the control rules are written in ambiguous words, so even if the operator does not know the difficult control theory, the operator can describe the know-how to operate the system in such everyday words. The system design can be performed by going.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the fuzzy inference of this embodiment. In the present embodiment, the fuzzy inference unit 30 receives the detected solar radiation and (detected solar radiation-control solar radiation) as inputs in this embodiment.
The output uses a stable time. As shown in FIG. 4, the stabilization time is the time required for the output to become 90% of the input when there is an input from 0 to 1. If the stable time, the time interval for performing the fuzzy inference, and the detected solar radiation and the control solar radiation are known, a new control solar radiation can be calculated.

FIG. 5 is a fuzzy rule table in the present embodiment. This embodiment uses simplified fuzzy inference using real values in the consequent part. Fuzzy rules are usually represented in tables like this for clarity. Each of these squares is a fuzzy rule, and in this table, 15 types of fuzzy rules are described. For example, R ₁₁ is the IF detected solar radiation = SM an
d (Detected solar radiation-Control solar radiation) = NSTHEN Stabilization time = 180 (seconds). The use of real values in the consequent part is a feature of simplified fuzzy inference. Among them, fuzzy variables are written as NB, ZO, and the like.

The meaning is as follows: SM (SMall) = small MD (MiDdle) = medium BG (BIG) = large NB (Negative Big) = large on the (-) side NS (Negative Small) = small on the (-) side ZO (ZerO) = ± 0 PS (Positive Small) = smaller on the (+) side PB (Positive Big) = greater on the (+) side The fact that (detected solar radiation amount-control solar radiation amount) is large on the (-) side means that the control solar radiation amount is larger than the detected solar radiation amount, so that the solar radiation tends to decrease. Conversely, when (detected solar radiation amount-control solar radiation amount) is large on the (+) side, it means that solar radiation is increasing.

FIG. 6 shows the detected solar radiation, and FIG. 7 shows the membership function of each fuzzy variable of (detected solar radiation-control solar radiation). The membership function is a function in which the horizontal axis represents the input and the vertical axis represents the grade. The grade indicates the degree of conformity with the proposition. If the grade is "1", it means "exactly as expected", and if the grade is "0", it means "completely different". For example, the detected solar radiation is 500k
If it is cal, the grade is “1” because the proposition of MD (medium) is “exactly so”. For the propositions SM and BG, "approximately half applies", so the grade is "0.5". The consequent part is a real value, but if this is represented by a membership function, the width of the triangle will be as small as possible.
For example, in the membership function in which the control solar radiation amount is stable time = 80 (seconds), only a bar of grade “1” stands at 80 seconds. FIG. 8 is a collection of membership functions used in the consequent part of this time.

Next, an actual calculation method will be described. In this embodiment, the "Min-Max method" is used for the inference method, and the "centroid method" is used for defuzzification. As an example, consider a case where the detected solar radiation is 600 kcal and the control solar radiation is 400 kcal. The input to the fuzzy inference unit 30 has a detected solar radiation of 600 kcal and a (detected solar radiation-control solar radiation) of +
200 kcal.

First, the grade of each input is
Find fuzzy variables other than "0". In case of detected solar radiation
Represents SM = 0.4, MD = 0.8, BG as shown in FIG.
= 0.6. In the case of (detected solar radiation-control solar radiation)
As shown in FIG. 7, ZO = 0.6 and PS = 0.4.
You. One of the fuzzy variables in the input of the control rule is "0"
In the case of, it does not affect inference, so it can be ignored
I can do it. Therefore, the fuzzy variables of both inputs are "0"
R of a control rule that is not₁₃, R₁₄, R_{twenty three}, R_{twenty four}, R ₃₃,
R₃₄The fuzzy inference only needs to be performed for the six cases.

FIG. 9 illustrates the procedure of fuzzy inference.
It is. First, control rule R₁₃Membership of the antecedent department
When the grade of the top function is obtained, the amount of detected solar radiation = 0.4,
(Detected solar radiation amount-Control solar radiation amount) = 0.6. Next
Calculate the grade of the entire department. At this time, use the Min method
I have. In other words, the smaller (Min)
Mode. R₁₃In the case of, it becomes 0.4. This grade
Weight the consequent part according to. The method is
If you cut the barship function by the grade of the entire antecedent
Good. The result is R₁₃Is the conclusion. As well
Then R₁₄, R _{twenty three}, R_{twenty four}, R₃₃, R₃₄Also conclude
Ask. The one with the larger conclusion (Max) obtained in this way is
The fuzzy distribution of the conclusion shown in Fig. 10.
Get. This is the end of the original fuzzy inference,
In practice, this cannot be controlled. So this inference result
Defuzzification is also performed to find real values from the data. Defuzzification
There are various methods such as the centroid method, area method, and peak point method.
However, the centroid method is the best method to find the centroid of this fuzzy distribution.
Is also commonly used. When the center of gravity of FIG. 10 is obtained, (0.4 × 30 + 0.6 × 40 + 0.6 × 60 + 0.4
× 80 + 0.4 × 90) / (0.4 + 0.6 + 0.6 +
0.4 + 0.4) = 58.3. In other words, the stabilization time of 58.3 seconds is
The result is to be 580 kcal after 58.3 seconds
The control solar radiation may be increased. If the calculation is performed at 1 second intervals
If so, the control solar radiation will be 408 kcal.

In the fuzzy rule of FIG. 5, R ₁₁ and R ₁₂
The state means that the vehicle has entered the tunnel from a place with insolation. That is, when the control solar radiation is 500 kcal or 800
If the vehicle enters the tunnel from the state of kcal, the detected solar radiation becomes almost "0", so "SM" and (detected solar radiation-control solar radiation) show a value of (-). (N) with a large value of (-)
"B" entered the tunnel from a greater insolation. Therefore, by increasing the stabilization time of R ₁₁ and R ₁₂ , and further increasing R ₁₁ than R _{12, the} stabilization time becomes longer when entering a tunnel from a state where a greater amount of solar radiation has been applied. Control such that the amount of solar radiation decreases slowly can be realized. In this embodiment, the stability time when entering the tunnel from 800 kcal is 160 seconds, and the stability time when entering the tunnel from 400 kcal is 120 seconds.

The state after leaving the tunnel corresponds to R34 and R35. Therefore, by setting the stabilization time of R34 and R35 to be short, it is possible to speed up following when the vehicle leaves the tunnel. In the present embodiment, 80
Stabilization time is 45 seconds and 400k when it comes out of 0kcal
The stabilization time when entering the cal is 63 seconds.

In addition, R ₁₃ , R ₂₃ , R _{33, and the} like are in a state where the solar radiation does not largely change but changes slightly, and in this case, as the detected solar radiation increases, the stabilization time becomes shorter, and the tracking follows faster. Become.

[0035]

As is apparent from the above description, the present invention provides a solar radiation change amount calculating means for calculating a control solar radiation amount change amount based on a detected solar radiation amount and (detected solar radiation amount−control solar radiation amount). A control solar irradiance calculating means for calculating a new control solar irradiance from the solar irradiance change calculated by the solar irradiance change calculating means is further provided. , The amount of solar radiation deviation, (the amount of detected solar radiation-control solar radiation) is large on the negative side, the amount of solar radiation change is reduced, and the amount of solar radiation variation is large if the detected amount of solar radiation is large and the amount of solar radiation deviation is large on the positive side. By configuring as above, the optimal amount of solar radiation is processed even for changes in solar radiation under various conditions. Good feeling It is possible to realize the tone control.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a control solar radiation calculation of an air conditioner for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a control solar radiation amount calculation according to the embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of fuzzy inference of the present embodiment.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a stabilization time according to the present embodiment.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a fuzzy rule table according to the embodiment;

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a membership function of the amount of detected solar radiation in the present embodiment.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a membership function of (detected solar radiation amount−control solar radiation amount) in the present embodiment.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a membership function of a consequent part of the embodiment.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a procedure of fuzzy inference of the embodiment.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a fuzzy distribution at the conclusion of this embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram of a conventional air conditioner for a vehicle.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart of control performed by a conventional microcomputer.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart of a conventional solar radiation amount calculation control;

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Microcomputer 2 Analog switch 3 A / D converter 4 Mix damper drive part 5 Blower motor control part 6 Clutch drive part 10 Solar radiation detecting means 20 Solar radiation detecting means 21 Solar radiation deviation amount computing means 22 Solar radiation variation computing means 23 Control solar radiation computing Means 30 Fuzzy reasoning unit

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] An insolation detecting means for detecting an insolation amount received by a vehicle, and a control insolation amount is obtained by processing the insolation amount detected by the insolation amount detecting means to obtain a control insolation amount, an outside air temperature, In an automotive air conditioner that automatically performs air conditioning from room temperature or the like, a deviation between the detected amount of solar radiation and the control amount of solar radiation, a solar radiation deviation amount calculating means for calculating (detected amount of solar radiation-control solar radiation), The insolation deviation amount obtained by the insolation deviation amount calculation means is input, and the insolation change amount calculation means for obtaining the change amount of the control insolation amount is calculated from the insolation change amount obtained by the control insolation amount and the insolation change amount calculation means. An air conditioner for a vehicle comprising a control solar radiation calculating means for calculating a new control solar radiation. 2. A vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein said solar radiation change amount calculating means is performed by fuzzy inference means. 3. The fuzzy rule used by the fuzzy inference means is such that when the detected amount of solar radiation is small and the amount of solar radiation deviation is large on the negative side, the amount of change in solar radiation is reduced, and the detected amount of solar radiation is large. 3. The system according to claim 2, wherein the amount of change in solar radiation is increased when the amount of solar radiation deviation is large on the positive side.
The air conditioner for a vehicle as described in the above.