JP2767616B2 - Mushroom medium - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a medium for year-round cultivation of mushrooms such as hiratake (commonly known as shimeji), shiitake mushroom, and enokikittake mushroom.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, as a medium for year-round cultivation of mushrooms such as hiratake (commonly known as shimeji), shiitake, and enokitake, rice bran was blended as a nutrient with sawdust, sawdust, ground flour, and the like (these are referred to as sawdust in the present specification). Some are known (JP-A-62-15118, etc.).

This medium is prepared by appropriately mixing sawdust and rice bran, adding a little water, adjusting the water content, filling in plastic bottles and polypropylene bags, sterilizing, inoculating mushrooms, and culturing. Is what you do.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

In the above-mentioned conventional culture medium, high-pressure steam sterilization by a special device such as an autoclave is necessary in order to perform a sterilization treatment after filling the culture medium into a cultivation container. However, even if high-pressure steam sterilization is carried out, the rice bran has a large amount of fat and thus has a protective effect, has an effect of increasing the heat resistance of the harmful bacteria, and sometimes the bacteria become spores and cannot be completely sterilized. Trichoderma viride, especially harmful to mushroom growth
Once in the medium, the mushrooms in the container are destroyed, and in the worst case, all mushrooms in the growing room are infected.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a medium capable of providing a growth promoting effect of mushrooms themselves by controlling harmful microorganisms, shortening the cultivation period as compared with the conventional method, and increasing the yield. is there.

[Means for solving the problem]

In view of the above problems, the present invention can eliminate harmful microorganisms including mushrooms including Trichoderma, and as a result of intensive research on antibacterial agents having high safety to the human body, sawdust, etc., a medium for mushrooms containing rice bran and antibacterial zeolite. The present invention was found to be able to stably mushroom cultivation by preventing the occurrence of harmful bacteria during cultivation.

 Hereinafter, details of the present invention will be described.

In the present invention, sawdust and the like can be used as pulverized tree products, coffee residue, rice straw, pulp, etc., but pulverized hardwood products such as oak, beech tree, and black hornbeam are preferable. Among trees, conifers such as zelkova, chestnut, pine and hiba contain an essential oil having a growth inhibitory action against mushroom fungi, which is not preferable. Sawdust particle size is 5-100mesh
Is preferred.

In the present invention, rice bran contains starch, glucose, protein, phosphoric acid, potassium, vitamin B, and the like, and is ideal as a nutrient source for a mushroom culture medium, and is suitable in that it is easily available.

In the present invention, as the "zeolite", any of natural zeolites and synthetic zeolites can be used.
Zeolites is generally aluminosilicate having a three dimensional framework _{structure, XM 2 / nO · Al 2} O 3 · YSiO 2 · a formula
Displayed as ZH ₂ O. Here, M represents an ion-exchangeable ion and is usually a monovalent or divalent metal ion. n is the valence of the (metal) ion. X and Y indicate the respective metal oxides and silica coefficients, and Z indicates the number of water of crystallization. Specific examples of the zeolite include, for example, A-type zeolite, X-type zeolite, Y-type zeolite, T-type zeolite, high silica zeolite, sodalite, mordenite, analcyme, clinoptilolite, chabazite, erionite And the like. However, it is not limited to these. The ion exchange capacities of these exemplary zeolites are A-type zeolite 7meq / g, X-type zeolite 6.4meq / g, Y-type zeolite 5meq / g, T-type zeolite 3.4meq / g, sodalite 11.5meq / g, Mordenite 2.6meq / g, analcyme 5meq / g, clinoptilolite 2.6meq / g, chabazite 5meq / g, erionite 3.8m
eq / g, which is sufficient for ion exchange with antibacterial metal ions.

The antibacterial zeolite used in the present invention is an ion-exchangeable ion in the zeolite, for example, a part of or all of ions such as sodium ion, calcium ion, potassium ion, magnesium ion, iron ion and the like are substituted by antibacterial metal ions. It is. Examples of antibacterial metal ions include silver, copper or zinc ions.

From the viewpoint of antibacterial properties, it is appropriate that the above antibacterial metal ions are contained in the zeolite in an amount of 0.1 to 15%. 0.1 to 15% of silver ion and 0.1 to 8 of copper or zinc ion
% Antimicrobial zeolite is preferred. In addition, in this specification,% means weight% of 110 degreeC dry basis.

Hereinafter, a method for producing the antibacterial zeolite used in the present invention will be described. For example, the antibacterial zeolite used in the present invention is prepared by contacting the zeolite with a mixed aqueous solution containing an antibacterial metal ion such as a silver ion, a copper ion or a zinc ion prepared in advance, and ion-exchangeable ions in the zeolite and the above. Replace with ions. The contact can be performed at 10 to 70 ° C, preferably 40 to 60 ° C, for 3 to 24 hours, preferably 10 to 24 hours by a batch system or a continuous system (for example, a column method). It is appropriate that the pH of the mixed aqueous solution is adjusted to 3 to 10, preferably 5 to 7. This adjustment is preferable because precipitation of silver oxide or the like on the zeolite surface or in pores can be prevented. Each ion in the mixed aqueous solution is usually supplied as a salt. For example, silver ions are silver nitrate, silver sulfate, silver perchlorate, silver acetate, diammine silver nitrate, diammine silver sulfate, and copper ions are copper (II) nitrate, copper perchlorate, copper acetate, potassium tetracyanocuprate, As zinc ions such as copper sulfate, zinc (II) nitrate, zinc sulfate, zinc perchlorate, zinc thiocyanate, zinc acetate and the like can be used.

The content of silver ions and the like in the zeolite can be appropriately controlled by adjusting the concentration of each ion (salt) in the mixed aqueous solution. For example, when the antibacterial zeolite contains silver ions, the antibacterial zeolite having a silver ion content of 0.1 to 5% can be appropriately prepared by adjusting the silver ion concentration in the mixed aqueous solution to 0.002 M / l to 0.15 M / l. Obtainable. When the antibacterial zeolite further contains copper ions and zinc ions, the concentration of copper ions in the mixed aqueous solution is 0.1 M / l to 0.8 M / l, and the concentration of zinc ions is 0.15 M / l to
By setting it to 1.2 M / l, the copper ion content is appropriately 0.1 to
An antibacterial zeolite having a zinc ion content of 8% and a zinc ion content of 0.8 to 8% can be obtained.

In the present invention, ion exchange can also be performed by using an aqueous solution containing each ion alone in addition to the mixed aqueous solution as described above and sequentially contacting each solution with zeolite. The concentration of each ion in each aqueous solution can be determined according to each ion concentration in the mixed aqueous solution.

The zeolite after the ion exchange is thoroughly washed with water and then dried. Drying is preferably performed at 105 ° C. to 115 ° C. under normal pressure, or at 70 ° C. to 90 ° C. under reduced pressure (1 to 30 torr).

The mushroom medium of the present invention is a rice bran 100 by weight, sawdust and the like, 200 to 1000, antibacterial zeolite 0.005 to
1, preferably 0.01 to 0.2 is more preferable because it prevents the growth of bacteria harmful to mushrooms and promotes the growth of mushrooms. In preparing the medium, it is desirable to add water to adjust the water content of the medium to 25 to 75%.

For the sterilization treatment after preparation of the mushroom medium of the present invention, a conventionally known high-pressure steam sterilization method can be applied.

The mushroom culture medium of the present invention may further contain supplementary nutrients, a water retention agent, a growth promoter, a pH adjuster, a salt, an adhesive, and the like.

The mushroom culture medium of the present invention can be cultivated by directly filling the culture medium into containers such as plastic bottles, bags, boxes, or the like, or can be cultivated as a bar-shaped tree by pressure-molding into a stick shape.

〔The invention's effect〕

If mushrooms are grown using the mushroom medium of the present invention,
It has the effect of eliminating harmful microorganisms on mushrooms and promoting growth, thus shortening the cultivation period and increasing the amount of production compared to conventional methods.

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples.

Reference Example (Preparation of Antibacterial Zeolite) A-type zeolite (Na
_{2 O · Al 2 O 3 ·} 1.9SiO 2 · XH 2 O: average particle size 1.5 [mu] m), a commercially available natural clinoptilolite (150-250 mesh) 2
AgNO ₃ , Cu (NO ₃ ) ₂ , and Zn (NO ₃ ) ₂ are used as salts to provide each ion for ion exchange.
Using the kinds, samples of six kinds of antibacterial zeolites shown in Table 1 as sample Nos. 1 to 6 were prepared. Table 1 shows the types of zeolite used in preparing each sample and the types and concentrations of salts contained in the mixed aqueous solution.

The production of each sample was performed as follows. In each sample, water was added to 1 kg of the powder heated and dried at 110 ° C. to form a 1.3-liter slurry, which was then stirred to be degassed, and then an appropriate amount of 0.1 ml.
The pH is adjusted to 5 to 7 by adding a 5N nitric acid solution and water.
1.8 l of slurry was obtained. Next, for ion exchange, 3 l of a mixed aqueous solution of a predetermined salt having a predetermined concentration was added to a total volume of 4.8 l, and the slurry was maintained at 40 to 60 ° C. and stirred for 10 to 48 hours to reach an equilibrium state It was kept in a state. After the completion of the ion exchange, the zeolite phase was filtered and washed with water or warm water at room temperature until excess silver, copper or zinc ions in the zeolite phase disappeared. Next, the obtained zeolite phase was heated to 110 ° C.
And dried by heating to obtain six types of samples Nos. 1 to 6. Table 1 shows data on the obtained antibacterial zeolite samples of Nos. 1 to 6.

Examples 1 to 8 (Preparation of a mushroom medium) Samples of a sawdust (7 to 25 mesh), rice bran, and samples of No. 1 to No. 6 antibacterial zeolite obtained in Reference Example were mixed at a predetermined ratio. Water was added thereto to keep the water content constant, and eight kinds of mushroom culture media shown in Examples 1 to 8 in Table 2 were prepared. The data such as the mixing ratio is as shown in Table 2. In addition, a medium containing no antibacterial zeolite shown in Comparative Example 1 shown in Table 2 and a medium containing A-type zeolite containing no antibacterial metal ion shown in Comparative Example 2 were also prepared.

Test Example 1 (Sterilization test) The medium for mushrooms obtained in Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was added to a normal agar medium at 2% by weight and solidified.
Pour 5 ml of Trichoderma solution (10 ⁶ cells / ml) at 36 ° C.
After culturing for 4 hours, the change in the number of bacteria was measured, and the sterilizing power of each mushroom medium was evaluated. Table 2 shows the results.

Test Example 2 (Cultivation test) A polypropylene blow bottle (φ100 × 150 mm) filled with about 500 g of a mushroom culture medium according to the following formulation was used.
Each book was placed in one container and three containers were prepared. In a heating chamber, 120 ° C. steam was sterilized for 8 hours. Then inoculated with Hirakutake inoculum, temperature 25 ° C, humidity 90-100
% For 42 days. As a comparison, those containing no antibacterial zeolite were similarly prepared and cultivated. In the test using the medium containing the antibacterial zeolite, the weight of the mushrooms was measured for each bottle 38 days after cultivation, and in the case of the medium containing no comparative antibacterial zeolite, 42 days after cultivation. Table 3 shows the results.

(Medium formulation) Kogara sawdust (7-25mesh) 180g Rice bran 50g Water 270g Antibacterial zeolite (Reference example 1) 0.5g

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-62-248432 (JP, A) JP-A-62-232313 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) A01G 1/04

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A medium for mushrooms, comprising a rice bran such as sawdust, and an antibacterial zeolite.