JP2832983B2 - Damper - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a damper (damping device) that absorbs vibration or vibration (hereinafter abbreviated as vibration) energy transmitted to a vibrated body such as an apparatus or a structure. More particularly, the present invention relates to a damper characterized by utilizing the viscoelastic properties of a finely crosslinked rubber having an extremely low degree of crosslinking as a damping effect.

[Related Art] A damper has been conventionally known as a device for reducing vibration caused by an earthquake or the like applied to a device or a structure. The tamper absorbs vibration energy by utilizing the energy absorbing ability of a material constituting the tamper. Conventional dampers are roughly classified into those using a plastic effect appearing in metals such as lead and others, and those using a viscous effect such as oil.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In a conventional damper, in a damper using a plastic effect, there is a problem that a damping effect hardly appears in a region where the deformation is small, since the deformation is elastic.

On the other hand, in a damper that uses the viscous effect of oil etc.,
In order to obtain a large damping effect, the size of the apparatus must be increased, and further, there are problems such as difficulty in handling oil and molding as a product. In addition, there is a disadvantage in that maintenance and maintenance work during long-term use is complicated and maintenance management is not easy.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems and is made of a material that maintains a viscous effect as large as possible and has a structure that maximizes the viscous effect (damping effect) of the material. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an ideal viscoelastic damper capable of significantly reducing costs.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The damper of the present invention uses ethylene propylene rubber (EP
R, EPDM), nitrile rubber (NBR), butyl rubber (II
R), halogenated butyl rubber (CIR), chloroprene rubber (CR), natural rubber (NR), isoprene rubber (IR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), butadiene rubber (BR),
Acrylic rubber (AR), polyurethane (UR), silicone rubber (SiR), fluoro rubber (FR), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) and chlorinated polyethylone (CPE)
In the rubber material composed of one or more kinds, the minimum crosslinker compounding amount defined as shown in Table 1 below for each rubber material is set to 1
Crosslinked rubber composition containing ~ 70% crosslinking agent,
It is characterized in that at least a part of the crosslinked rubber has the following physical properties.

Hysteresis ratio (h ₅₀ ) at 25 ° C and 50% tensile deformation is 0.25
that's all.

That is, the present inventors comprehensively studied repetition durability, manufacturing cost, maintenance, and the like in order to eliminate the disadvantages of the conventional viscous damper and obtain an ideal viscoelastic damper having the above characteristics. As a result, it has been found that by utilizing the high damping property (high hysteresis loss property) of the finely crosslinked rubber having a remarkably low degree of cross-linking, a good damping effect is exhibited and a very high damping damper can be obtained. Was.

By the way, as a matter of course, the rubber material is used as a product in a sufficiently crosslinked state except for a part of the thermoplastic elastomer. Only by such cross-linking can the rubber material have the property of restoring its original state even after a large deformation, that is, rubber elasticity. Therefore, if crosslinking is not sufficient, defects such as low elastic modulus and strength, particularly low durability and low adhesiveness appear, and it is expected that problems such as foaming of rubber during production will be caused. For this reason, in the past, as in the present invention, it was generally uncommon to use a slightly crosslinked rubber as a product and as a long-lasting product.

 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

 First, the rubber material used in the present invention will be described below.

Rubber materials used in the present invention include ethylene propylene rubber (EPR, EPDM), nitrile rubber (NBR), butyl rubber (II
R), halogenated butyl rubber (CIR), chloroprene rubber (CR), natural rubber (NR), isoprene rubber (IR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), butadiene rubber (BR),
Acrylic rubber (AR), ethylene-vinyl acetate rubber (EVA), polyurethane (UR), silicone rubber (SiR), fluorine rubber (FR), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM), and chlorinated polyethylone (CPE).

In the present invention, such a rubber material is mixed with an extremely small amount of a crosslinking agent of 1 to 70% of the general minimum amount of the crosslinking agent to be crosslinked, whereby the crosslink density is sufficiently reduced and the fineness is reduced. A crosslinked rubber (in the present invention, a material having a remarkably small degree of crosslinking is referred to as "fine crosslinking") is used.

Here, the blending amount of the crosslinking agent in the present invention will be described.

In general, the blending amount of the optimal crosslinking agent (that is, the optimal crosslinking density) with respect to the rubber material has a certain value, but is a substantially fixed value. This is the performance required for rubber products (e.g., modulus, strength, fatigue resistance, adhesion,
This is for satisfying the resilience.

On the other hand, the usage of a crosslinking agent for a rubber material is generally roughly classified as follows.

 The crosslinking accelerator is added mainly with sulfur.

 Reduce sulfur and increase crosslinking accelerator.

 Use an organic peroxide.

Therefore, it can be considered that the sum of sulfur or an organic peroxide and a cross-linking accelerator (hereinafter, this sum is referred to as “cross-linking agent”) determines the cross-link density of the rubber material.

Crosslinking conditions for various rubber materials (also called vulcanization conditions)
And physical property values are covered in “Industrial Materials: Vol. 29, No. 11, (1981), pp. 37-136”. In particular, examples of crosslinking agents are described in detail for each manufacturer for various types of rubber materials. Of these, the amounts of crosslinking agents required for various rubber materials are summarized in Table 1 by dividing them into an average formulation and a minimum crosslinking agent formulation. However, the numerical values are shown in phr (parts by weight of crosslinking agent with respect to 100 parts by weight of rubber).

As described above, in order to exert the performance as a rubber component in a well-balanced manner, it is necessary to employ an optimum amount of the cross-linking compound. However, the average compounding amount in Table 1 corresponds to the optimum compounding amount. I do. On the other hand, the minimum amount of the crosslinking agent shown in Table 1 may be considered as a special case when a small amount of the crosslinking agent is used.

In the present invention, 1 to 70% by weight, preferably 5 to 60% by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 50% by weight of the minimum amount of the crosslinking agent to be added to the various rubber materials shown in Table 1 Is blended.

By setting such a very small amount of crosslinking, the finely crosslinked rubber constituting the damper of the present invention has the following physical properties (i).

(I) 25 ℃, hysteresis ratio at 50% tensile deformation (h ₅₀₎
Note but 0.25 or more, at a tensile speed of 200 mm / min, h _50, the stress of FIG. 17 - in strain curve Given by the area ratio of

In the present invention, the value of the h ₅₀ is 0.30 or more, further 0.35
It is particularly preferable that it is at least 0.40 or more.

The damper of the present invention preferably further has the following characteristic (ii).

(Ii) The glass transition temperature (Tg) is not in the range of -10 ° C to 30 ° C, and the storage elastic modulus E (−10 ° “) at 10 ° C and 30 ° C under 5Hz, 0.01% repeated deformation. Below, especially below 7, further below 5, especially below 3.

In the present invention, the rubber material may be used alone or as a blend of two or more. In addition, these rubber materials, various fillers, tackifiers, lubricants, antioxidants, plasticizers, softeners, low molecular weight polymers, oils, etc., by mixing a general compounding agent for rubber materials,
Hardness, loss characteristics and durability can be imparted according to the purpose. Particularly, in order to maintain a predetermined performance over a long period of time, a suitable stabilizer such as an antioxidant, a polymerization inhibitor or an anti-scorch agent is added to the above rubber material, or the polymer itself is hydrogenated or otherwise modified. It is extremely effective to achieve stabilization.

For example, the following are desirable as these additives.

Fillers: clay, diatomaceous earth, carbon black, silica, talc, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, metal oxides, mica, graphite, flaky inorganic fillers such as aluminum hydroxide, various metal powders,
Wood chips, glass powder, ceramic powder, granular or powdered solid fillers such as granular or powdered polymers, and other various natural or artificial short fibers and long fibers (eg, straw, wool, glass fiber, metal fiber, various other types) Fillers for rubber or resin, such as polymer fibers.

Softeners: Softeners for various rubbers or resins such as aromatic, naphthenic and paraffinic.

Plasticizers: Various ester plasticizers such as phthalic acid ester, phthalic acid mixed ester, aliphatic dibasic acid ester, glycol ester, fatty acid ester, phosphoric acid ester, stearic acid ester, epoxy plasticizer, and other plastics Plasticizers or NBR plasticizers such as phthalate, adipate, sebacate, phosphate, polyether and polyester.

Tackifiers: Various tackifiers (tackifiers) such as coumarone resin, coumarone-indene resin, phenol terpene resin, petroleum hydrocarbons, and rosin derivatives.

Oligomer: Clau ether, fluorinated oligomer, polybutene, xylene resin, chlorinated rubber, polyethylene wax, petroleum resin, rosin ester rubber, polyalkylene glycol diacrylate, liquid rubber (polybutadiene, styrene-butadiene rubber, butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber, polychloroprene Various oligomers such as silicone-based oligomers and poly-α-olefins.

Lubricants: hydrocarbon lubricants such as paraffin and wax, fatty acid lubricants such as higher fatty acids and oxy fatty acids, fatty acid amide lubricants such as fatty acid amides and alkylene bis fatty acid amides, fatty acid lower alcohol esters, fatty acid polyhydric alcohol esters, and fatty acid poly Ester lubricants such as glycol esters, fatty alcohols, polyhydric alcohols,
Various lubricants such as alcohol-based lubricants such as polyglycol and polyglycerol, metal soaps, and mixed-type blends.

[Action] As is well known, the rubber material is a high-molecular-weight organic viscous material in an uncrosslinked state, and therefore has an extremely high damping property. The present inventors have previously filed patent applications for a seismic isolation device using a damper utilizing the high damping property of this uncrosslinked rubber (Japanese Patent Application Nos. 61-183196, 61-234897, 62-34897, 62-1987).
157191), with excellent effects.

However, as shown in Fig. 16, uncrosslinked rubber shows a fairly high elastic modulus at small deformation, but the elastic modulus drops sharply as the deformation (strain) increases, and the required strength as a product may not be obtained. It will be difficult.

On the other hand, if these rubber materials are sufficiently cross-linked (cross-linking points are introduced), the elastic modulus and the strength become high, and excellent resilience is exhibited. However, as a result, the damping performance (hysteresis) sharply decreases.

The damper of the present invention has a sufficiently low cross-linking density by reducing the amount of the cross-linking agent, and has a high hysteresis property in an uncross-linked state of the rubber and an excellent cross-linked state by using a fine cross-linked rubber having specific physical properties. It also has the same mechanical properties as those described above.

[Examples] The blends of Nos. 1 and 2 shown in Table 2 were finely crosslinked,
% Of tensile deformation when the hysteresis ratio h _50, the tensile strength (breaking strength) E and elongation at break (%) were measured. The results are shown in Table 2. No. 1 and 2 have h ₅₀
0.25 or more, which is suitable as the damper of the present invention.

Hereinafter, a specific structure of the damper of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

The configuration of the damper of the present invention is roughly classified into the following (A) and (B).

(A) A damper composed solely of a finely crosslinked rubber.

(B) A damper configured as a composite of a slightly crosslinked rubber and a hard material.

(A) The following cases (A)-, (A)-, (A)-,
(A)-.

(A)-: The same finely crosslinked rubber in an arbitrary shape.

Specifically, a rectangular parallelepiped damper 1 as shown in FIG.
Alternatively, a columnar damper 2 as shown in FIG. 2 can be mentioned, but the shape can be arbitrarily selected according to the purpose of the product.

(A)-: a multilayered crosslinked rubber.

This is achieved by multiplying microscopically crosslinked rubber with different rubber type, compounding type, degree of crosslinking, etc. vertically, horizontally, inward or outward, or by giving macroscopically non-uniform dispersibility.
Optional performance (elastic modulus, fracture characteristics, hysteresis, etc.)
Is obtained.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3 or FIG.
Dampers 3 and 4 in which finely crosslinked rubber layers a ₁ , a ₂ ... _An having different blending types, degrees of crosslinking, etc. are laminated vertically or horizontally, or as shown in FIG. layer
_{a 1, a 2, ... a} n damper 5 or the like coaxially arranged like a.

(A)-: A composite of a slightly crosslinked rubber and a highly crosslinked rubber.

That is, the outer surface portion or a part of the inside of the finely crosslinked rubber is not covered with a general crosslinked rubber (a crosslinked rubber using an average compounding amount in Table 1; hereinafter, referred to as "highly crosslinked rubber"). Compounded.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, a damper 6 in which the side peripheral surface of the finely crosslinked rubber a is covered with a highly crosslinked rubber b, and as shown in FIG. A damper 7 filled with rubber a may be used. Further, the highly crosslinked rubber can be partially dispersed in the finely crosslinked rubber.

In this case, if necessary, the above-mentioned various fillers, tackifiers, lubricants, antioxidants, plasticizers, softeners, low-molecular-weight polymers, oils, and other compounding agents commonly used in rubber materials are used for the highly crosslinked rubber. Can be mixed. Further, the highly crosslinked rubber may be used by appropriately laminating a hard material as described later in the section (B).

(A)-: A composite of a slightly crosslinked rubber and an uncrosslinked rubber or the like.

As described above, in the present invention, the uncrosslinked rubber cannot be used as the main compound, but can be partially used as an auxiliary. Specifically, the non-crosslinked rubber is dispersed in the finely crosslinked rubber, or as shown in FIG.
And the like.

Here, instead of the uncrosslinked rubber, the above-mentioned plasticizer, softener,
Tackifiers, oligomers, lubricants and the like can also be used.

(B) As the damper constituted by combining a slightly crosslinked rubber and a hard material, the above-mentioned (A)-, (A)-, (A)
-And (A)-further combined with a hard material.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 9 or FIG. 10, dampers 9, 10 in which a finely crosslinked rubber a or a layer mainly composed of the rubber a and a hard material d are vertically or horizontally laminated, or
As shown in FIG. 11, there is a damper 11 or the like in which these are arranged coaxially.

In this case, the hard material is not particularly limited, for example, metal, ceramics, glass, FRP, plastic, polyurethane, high hardness rubber, wood, rock, sand, paper,
Leather or the like can be used.

As the shape of the hard material, various structures such as a plate shape, a net shape, a wavy shape, a honeycomb shape, and a woven fabric are used.

The damper of the present invention may further be (C): a composite unit of the structures (A) and (B) and a hard plate.

For example, as shown in FIG. 12, there is a damper 12 in which a hard plate f is attached to the upper and lower surfaces of a structure e having the configuration of FIG. In practice, it is advantageous to use one unit damper 12 or two or more unit dampers 12 superposed horizontally or vertically. In the case of two or more superpositions, the units used may be of the same type or different in structure and composition.

In such a configuration, examples of the hard plate to be used include metal, ceramics, FRP, plastic, glass, wood, paper, polyurethane, and high hardness rubber.

In the case where the hard plate f is provided as described above, as shown in FIG. 13, the interface between the finely crosslinked rubber a and the hard plate f is increased in order to increase the adhesive force between the finely crosslinked rubber and the hard plate f. If necessary, it is extremely effective to form a damper 13 which is cross-linked and adhered by interposing rubber b having the same or different kind of high cross-linking degree. In addition, an appropriate adhesive may be used for bonding.

Such a damper of the present invention can be used, for example, as follows.

[I] The damper having the configuration of (A), (B) or (C) is used by directly inserting it between the vibration source and the vibrator.

[II] The damper having the structure of (A), (B) or (C) is used by being enclosed in another structural product.

In the configuration of [II], multifunctionality can be imparted by enclosing in seismic isolation rubber, anti-vibration rubber, fenders, and other products for the purpose of damping vibration.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 14, the hard layer 21 and the soft layer 22
The damper 30 of the present invention is inserted into the center of the seismic isolation rubber 20 made of the laminate of the above, and the flange 23 can be mounted vertically. Further, as shown in FIG. 15, it is possible to adopt a structure in which the damper 30 of the present invention is inserted into the center of the vibration-proof rubber or the fender 40.

18 and 19 show another embodiment related to FIG.
In the embodiment of FIG. 18, a through hole is provided in the center of the damper 30 in FIG. 14, and an elasto-plastic body 31 is installed in the through hole. Lead is exemplified as a suitable material of the elastoplastic body.

In the embodiment of FIG. 19, fasteners 32 and 33 are attached to the flanges 22 and 23 in the embodiment of FIG. The fastener 32 has a downward recess, and the fastener 33 has an upward recess. The upper and lower ends of the elasto-plastic body 31 are inserted into recesses of these fasteners 32, 33.

[Effects of the Invention] As described in detail above, the damper of the present invention is mainly composed of a finely crosslinked rubber having specific physical properties, and is as follows as compared with a conventional oil-based viscous damper. It has various advantages.

The temperature dependence, speed dependence, etc. of the hysteresis loss characteristics can be selected according to the characteristics of each rubber material.

 Molding is easy.

 Easy handling and construction of products.

 Easy maintenance.

 Therefore, the cost of the product can be reduced.

The attenuation efficiency is high and the device can be made compact.

Moreover, the damper of the present invention does not have the drawbacks of a plastic damper and has remarkably excellent characteristics as compared with a conventional plastic damper.

In addition, the damper of the present invention does not have a problem of a sudden decrease in the elastic modulus with respect to an increase in deformation, which is a problem when using an uncrosslinked rubber.

That is, according to the present invention, there is provided an extremely excellent damper which has both high hysteresis in an uncrosslinked state of rubber and excellent mechanical properties in a crosslinked state.

Such a damper of the present invention is intended to reduce vibration and vibration of equipment and structures, reduce noise, construction, civil engineering, machinery fields,
It can be effectively used in a wide range of fields such as office machines, home appliances, vehicles such as automobiles, bicycles, aircraft, and ships, and sports equipment such as shoes.

In particular, the damper of the present invention is effectively applied to construction fields such as seismic isolation and vibration control which are currently in the limelight.

[Brief description of the drawings]

1 to 13 are views showing an embodiment of a damper according to the present invention, wherein FIGS. 1 to 12 are perspective views and FIG. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view. FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 are views each showing a use form of the damper of the present invention, and FIG. 14 is a sectional view and FIG.
FIG. 15 is a perspective view. FIG. 16 is a graph showing a stress-strain curve of an uncrosslinked rubber, FIG. 17 is a graph showing a stress-strain curve of a material, and FIGS. 18 and 19 are cross-sectional views showing another embodiment. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13
... damper, a ... fine crosslinked rubber, b ... highly crosslinked rubber, c ... uncrosslinked rubber, d ... hard material.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ identification code FI F16F 1/36 F16F 1/36 Z (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) F16F 15/08 F16F 1 / 36 C08J 3/24

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] An ethylene propylene rubber (EPR, EPDM),
Nitrile rubber (NBR), butyl rubber (IIR), halogenated butyl rubber (CIR), chloroprene rubber (CR), natural rubber (NR), isoprene rubber (IR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), butadiene rubber (BR), acrylic Rubber (A
R), polyurethane (UR), silicone rubber (SiR), fluoro rubber (FR), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CS
M) and one or more chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) rubber materials were blended with 1 to 70% of the minimum crosslinking agent blending amount defined for each rubber material as shown in the following table. A damper characterized in that a rubber composition is crosslinked and at least a part thereof is composed of a slightly crosslinked rubber having a hysteresis ratio (h ₅₀ ) at 25 ° C. and 50% tensile deformation of 0.25 or more.