JP2836068B2 - Damper - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention is mounted on a vibrated body such as equipment or a structure,
The present invention relates to a damper (damping device) that absorbs vibration or vibration (hereinafter abbreviated as vibration) energy transmitted to an object to be vibrated, and particularly utilizes a viscous or plastic property of unvulcanized rubber or the like as a damping effect. A damper characterized by the above-mentioned. [Related Art] A damper has been conventionally known as a device for reducing vibration caused by an earthquake or the like applied to a device or a structure. The damper absorbs vibration energy by using the energy absorption capacity of the material that composes it.It uses the plastic effect that appears in metals such as lead and others, and uses the viscous effect of oil and the like. Are roughly divided into [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The damper using the plastic effect has a problem that the damping effect hardly appears because the elastic deformation occurs in a region where the deformation is small. On the other hand, in a damper that uses the viscous effect of oil etc.,
In order to obtain a large damping effect, the size of the apparatus must be increased, and further, there are problems such as difficulty in handling oil and molding as a product. In addition, there is a drawback that the operation for maintenance of the fibers during long-term use is complicated, and the maintenance management is not easy. The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and is made of a material that maintains a viscous effect as large as possible and has a structure that maximizes the viscous effect (damping effect) of the material. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an ideal damper that can significantly reduce costs. [Means for Solving the Problems] The damper of the present invention is a damper that is attached to a vibrated body such as a device or a structure, and attenuates vibration due to an earthquake or the like. Body, at least one skeleton of a honeycomb-like structure and a woven fabric and a viscoelastic body in a state where both are in contact with each other,
50% tensile deformation during hysteresis ratio h ₅₀ of at 25 ° C. 0.2
And the viscoelastic body has a frequency of 5 Hz and a strain of 0.01.
%, The storage modulus (E) dynamically measured at a temperature of 25 ° C.
1 (kg / cm ² ) ≦ E ≦ 2 × 10 ⁴ (kg / cm ² ). "Action" The present inventors have solved the drawbacks of the conventional damper, and have conducted intensive studies on an ideal viscous damper having the above-mentioned characteristics. From a comprehensive consideration of manufacturing costs, maintenance, and the like, it was determined that the best method was to use the high damping property (high hysteresis loss property) of a viscous viscoelastic material. On the other hand, it has been found that a damper with extremely high attenuation can be obtained by combining these materials with a network structure, and the present invention has been completed. That is, the viscous viscoelastic material exhibits a stress-strain curve as shown in FIG. 2 and can absorb stress for small deformation, but has reduced rigidity for large deformation. And sufficient strength is not developed. On the other hand, a network structure,
The corrugated structure, the honeycomb-shaped structure, and the woven fabric show a stress-strain curve as shown in FIG. 3, and can exhibit large rigidity in large deformation. Therefore, by combining these as in the present invention, it is possible to provide a damper which maintains the required rigidity, has a very high loss property, and has a high damping effect in a wide range from small deformation to large deformation. . In the damper of the present invention, it is preferable that the direction in which the skeleton is most easily deformed is the horizontal direction. For example, in a skeletal body composed of a net-like structure, it is preferable that one mesh is provided so that the diagonal direction is horizontal. [Example] Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described. The damper of the present invention is obtained by combining at least one skeleton of a net-like structure, a wavy structure, a honeycomb-like structure, and a woven fabric with a viscoelastic body in a state where both are in contact with each other. As a specific configuration of the damper of the present invention, for example, a damper manufactured as follows is exemplified. I The skeleton and the viscoelastic body are integrated under pressure. II The skeletal body and the viscoelastic body are alternately stacked. III A skeletal body and a viscoelastic body that are integrated under pressure are alternately stacked with the skeletal body and / or the viscoelastic body. IV A plate-like material or a wire-like material is further combined with the material produced in the above I-III. Of course, it goes without saying that the damper of the present invention is not limited to the configurations I to IV described above without departing from the gist thereof. The skeleton used in the damper of the present invention is any one of a net-like structure, a wavy structure, a honeycomb-like structure, and a woven fabric (for example, a stocking-like one). There is no particular limitation on the material of these skeletons, but metals, ceramics, plastics, FRP, polyurethane, cotton,
Examples include natural fibers such as silk and synthetic fibers such as polyamide and polyester. On the other hand, as the viscoelastic body, one having a hysteresis ratio (h ₅₀ ) at 25 ° C. and 50% tensile deformation of 0.2 or more, preferably 0.3 or more is used. Incidentally, at a tensile speed of 200 mm / min, h _50, the stress of FIG. 4 - in strain curve Given by the area ratio of In addition, the elastic modulus of the viscoelastic body is such that the value (E) at 25 ° C. of the storage elastic modulus E dynamically measured at 5 Hz and 0.01% strain is 1
≦ E ≦ 2 × 10 ⁴ (Kg / cm ² ), preferably 5 ≦ E ≦
It is 1 × 10 ⁴ . The elongation of the viscoelastic material at the time of tensile break is preferably 1% or more, more preferably 5% or more, further preferably 10% or more, and particularly preferably 20% or more. Examples of such a viscoelastic body include unvulcanized rubber, vulcanized rubber, a resin having the above-mentioned properties, a plastic substance, and the like, which have the above-mentioned properties. In the present invention, as the material of the viscoelastic body, it is preferable that the above-mentioned hysteresis ratio, unvulcanized rubber having elasticity characteristics or vulcanized rubber and the like, for example, ethylene propylene rubber (EPR, EPDM), nitrile rubber (NBR), butyl rubber, halogenated butyl rubber, chloroprene rubber (CR), natural rubber (NR), isoprene rubber (IR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), butadiene rubber (BR), acrylic rubber, ethylene -Vinegar rubber (EV
A), general rubber such as polyurethane, silicone rubber, fluorine rubber, ethylene acrylic rubber, polyester elastomer, special rubber such as epichlorohydrin rubber, chlorinated polyethylene, or thermoplastic elastomer. When the viscoelastic body is an unvulcanized rubber, the Mooney viscosity ML _{1 + 4 at} 100 ° C. is preferably 10 or more. These rubber materials may be used alone or as a blend of two or more. In addition, these rubber materials include
Various fillers, tackifiers, lubricants, anti-aging agents, plasticizers,
By mixing a general compounding agent into a rubber material such as a softening agent, a low molecular weight polymer, an oil, etc., the hardness according to the purpose,
Loss characteristics and durability can also be imparted. Particularly, in order to maintain a predetermined performance over a long period of time, a suitable stabilizer such as an antioxidant, a polymerization inhibitor or an anti-scorch agent is added to the above rubber material, or the polymer itself is hydrogenated or otherwise modified. It is extremely effective to achieve stabilization. For example, when bonding a skeleton body and a viscoelastic body, it is generally advantageous to use adhesion using the tackiness of the viscoelastic body. You may introduce | transduce the network by a natural chemical bond or a physical bond. As the viscoelastic material of the present invention, in addition to the unvulcanized rubber and the vulcanized rubber having the above-mentioned physical properties, the following substances having the above-mentioned properties can be used. For example, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ABS, polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate,
Thermoplastics such as polyacetal, nylon, chlorinated polyether, polytetrafluoroethylene, acetylcellulose, ethylcellulose, etc., and if necessary for these plastics, the following fillers, plasticizers, softeners, tackifiers, oligomers Those containing a lubricant or the like are included. Fillers: clay, diatomaceous earth, carbon black, silica, talc, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, metal oxides, mica, graphite, flaky inorganic fillers such as aluminum hydroxide, various metal powders,
Wood chips, glass powder, ceramic powder, granular or powdered solid fillers such as powdery or powdered polymers, and other various natural or artificial short fibers and long fibers (eg, straw, wool, glass fiber, metal fiber, etc.) Fillers for rubber or resin such as various polymer fibers). The compounding ratio of the filler is preferably 30 to 250 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the rubber. As the short fibers, general short fibers such as glass, plastic, and natural products are used. For example, these short fibers also include the following special short fiber reinforcements. The compounding state of the short fiber is determined by As in the case of a reinforced rubber composition in which short fibers of a thermoplastic polymer having a graft are grafted via an initial condensate of a phenol formaldehyde resin, those in which short fibers are chemically bonded to rubber are compounded. preferable. The fine short fibers of the thermoplastic polymer have a melting point of 190 to 235 ° C, preferably 190 to 225 ° C, particularly preferably 200 to 220 ° C.
Nylon 6, Nylon 610, Nylon 12, Nylon 611,
Nylon such as nylon 612, polyheptamethylene urea,
It is preferable to form a thermoplastic polymer having a -CONH- group in a polymer molecule such as polyurea such as polyundecamethylene urea or polyurethane, particularly nylon, the average system is 0.05 to 0.8 μm, and a circular cross section. It is preferable that the shortest fiber length is preferably 1 μm or more, and it is embedded in the form of fine short fibers in which molecules are arranged in the fiber axis direction. Softeners: Softeners for various rubbers or resins, such as aromatic, naphthenic and paraffinic. The preferred mixing ratio of the softener is 5 to 150 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of rubber. Plasticizers: Various ester-based plasticizers such as phthalic acid ester, phthalic acid mixed ester, aliphatic dibasic acid ester, glycol ester, fatty acid ester, phosphate ester, stearic acid ester, epoxy-based plasticizer, and other plastic plastics Or NBR plasticizers such as phthalate, adipate, sebacate, phosphate, polyether and polyester. A preferable mixing ratio of the plasticizer is 5 to 150 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the rubber. Tackifiers: Various tackifiers (tackifiers) such as coumarone resin, coumarone-indene resin, phenol terpene resin, petroleum hydrocarbons, and rosin derivatives. A preferable mixing ratio of the tackifier is 1 to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the rubber. Oligomer: Crown ether, fluorinated oligomer, polybutene, xylene resin, chlorinated rubber, polyethylene wax, petroleum resin, rosin ester rubber, polyalkylene glycol diacrylate, liquid rubber (polybutadiene, styrene-butadiene rubber, butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber, polychloroprene Various oligomers such as silicone-based oligomers and poly-α-olefins. A preferred compounding ratio of the oligomer is 5 to 100 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the rubber. Lubricants: hydrocarbon lubricants such as paraffin and wax, fatty acid lubricants such as higher fatty acids and oxy fatty acids, fatty acid amide lubricants such as fatty acid amides and alkylene bis fatty acid amides, fatty acid lower alcohol esters, fatty acid polyhydric alcohol esters, and fatty acid poly Ester lubricants such as glycol esters, fatty alcohols, polyhydric alcohols,
Various lubricants such as alcohol-based lubricants such as polyglycol and polyglycerol, metal soaps, and mixed lubricants. The preferred compounding ratio of the lubricant is 1 to 100 parts by weight of rubber.
5050 parts by weight. In the present invention, natural materials such as bitumen and clay can be used as the viscoelastic material. As a method of using the damper of the present invention, any other method such as a single use of the damper, a combined use with a laminated rubber such as various seismic isolation rubbers (buffers) and the like may be used. When the damper is used alone, the restoring property is small depending on the material of the viscoelastic body, and the damper flows with time as it is, so that the shape cannot be maintained over a long period of time. For this reason, in this case, the damper of the present invention prevents the internal viscoelastic body from flowing outside by coating the outer surface of the viscoelastic body with vulcanized rubber or another material. In addition, the outer surface of the damper can sufficiently follow the use condition under which the damper is greatly deformed. In this case, the material constituting the outer surface portion, for example, the outer container is not limited as long as it can sufficiently deform itself. When used together with the seismic isolation rubber, etc., the damper may be arranged in parallel with the seismic isolation rubber, or as shown in FIG.
May be provided with a cavity inside, and the damper 1 of the present invention may be inserted into the cavity and installed. As shown in FIG. 1, when the damper 1 is provided in the seismic isolation rubber, since the inner wall surface of the cavity of the seismic isolation rubber 2 acts as a coating layer for the damper, it is necessary to cover the outer surface of the damper as described above. However, when used in parallel with seismic isolation rubber, etc., it is advantageous to use the damper narrowed between solid surfaces, with or without a coating layer on the damper. is there.
(Note that in FIG. 1, reference numeral 3 denotes a flange.) Such a damper of the present invention is applied to various devices, structures, buildings, and the like, so that various devices, structures, and buildings can be used from a vibration source. It can efficiently absorb the vibration energy transmitted to the vehicle, etc., and greatly attenuate it, which is extremely effective for vibration isolation, vibration suppression, seismic isolation, and as a fender. [Effects of the Invention] As described above in detail, the damper of the present invention includes both a viscoelastic body having a specific hysteresis ratio and at least one skeleton body of a network structure, a wavy structure, a honeycomb structure, and a woven fabric. Are in contact with each other, and by the synergistic effect of excellent synthesis for large deformation of skeleton and excellent rigidity for small deformation of viscoelastic body, a wide range from small deformation to large deformation In such a region, extremely excellent rigidity and high loss properties are exhibited, and a remarkably high damping effect is exhibited. In addition, molding is easy. Easy handling and construction of products. Easy maintenance. Therefore, the cost of the product can be reduced. The attenuation efficiency is high and the device can be made compact. And the like.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of use of a damper of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a stress-strain curve of a viscoelastic material, FIG. FIG. 4 is a stress-strain curve of the material. 1 ... Damper, 2 ... Seismic isolation rubber.

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Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] A damper attached to an object to be shaken such as a device or a structure to attenuate vibrations caused by an earthquake or the like. The damper includes at least one skeleton of a net-like structure, a wavy structure, a honeycomb-like structure, and a fabric. The elastic body and the two are combined in a state where they are in contact with each other, the viscoelastic body has a hysteresis ratio h ₅₀ at 50 ° C. at 50% tensile deformation of 0.2 or more, and
The storage elastic modulus (E) of the viscoelastic body dynamically measured at a frequency of 5 Hz, a strain of 0.01% and a temperature of 25 ° C. is 1 (kg / cm ² ) ≦ E ≦
A damper characterized by 2 × 10 ⁴ (kg / cm ² ).