JP2923080B2 - Fuel oil composition - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fuel oil composition obtained by dispersing plastics powder in fuel oil.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, the amount of plastics produced in Japan is about 12 million tons per year, and the amount of plastics discharged as waste is said to be more than 5 million tons. Plastics waste is generally classified into general plastic waste discharged as household waste and industrial plastic waste discharged from various production or processing plants and distribution processes. Somewhat high.

[0003] Plastics in general plastics wastes are of many types and have various shapes. In general, there are many plastics mainly composed of film-like polyethylene and polypropylene and dish-like polystyrene used for food packaging. However, these plastics are difficult to separate from general waste and are expensive, so there are few places where they are reused by local governments, and at present, they are incinerated or landfilled.

[0004] On the other hand, industrial plastic wastes are separated at the discharge source and those whose properties are clear are simply recycled, and similar plastics contaminants are compositely recycled into civil engineering and building materials such as piles and panels. ing. Those that are difficult to separate are used as fuel or incinerated as they are.

[0005] Industrial plastic wastes used as fuels include polyolefin resins (PE, PP), polystyrene resins, PET resins and the like. If these plastics are mixed and discharged, or if they are composited with paper or fiber, they cannot be used as recycled materials, so these wastes are used as fuel. These plastic wastes contain a large amount of thermoplastic resin and are melted by heating and used as briquettes or pellets of solid fuel.

However, conventional solid fuels made of plastics waste have a high calorific value and an excessive combustion speed, so that the high heat accelerates the wear of the combustion furnace or is incomplete due to a partial lack of oxygen. Often it was burning. In addition, there is a disadvantage that the plastics itself melts during the combustion and adheres to the furnace wall, or the molten plastics flows and hinders the combustion. Further, solid fuels are usually burned in a fixed hearth such as a stoker due to their large particle size, and cannot be sprayed and burned by a burner, so that they are difficult to handle as fuel.

As a solution to such a problem, a technique has been proposed in which a composition obtained by blending plastics with fuel oil is used as fuel. For example, JP-A-48-4430
No. 3 discloses a fuel oil composition obtained by blending a solid resin with a fuel oil.
No. 3 discloses a fuel oil composition obtained by dissolving a thermoplastic resin which has been subjected to a thermal decomposition treatment in a fuel oil.

[0008] However, in the former case, the compounding amount of the solid resin is at most 20-30 even though the decomposing agent such as higher alcohol sulfate or petroleum sulfonate is compounded.
% By weight, preferably about 0.5 to 15% by weight, and there is a problem that a high-concentration fuel oil composition cannot be obtained. A fuel oil composition containing a high concentration of plastics is used in view of efficient reuse of plastics waste discharged in large amounts, efficient transportation and storage of the fuel oil composition, high calorific value fuel, and the like. Is expected to be a useful fuel. In the latter case, since the thermoplastics must be subjected to a thermal decomposition treatment and dissolved in the fuel oil, usable plastics are limited to those soluble in the fuel oil. In addition, there is a problem that a large amount of energy is required for thermal decomposition of the plastics.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a fuel oil composition in which plastics powder is stably dispersed in a fuel oil for a long period of time even at a high concentration and can be handled as a liquid fuel having good fluidity. It was done to do so.

[0010]

That is, the present invention provides a fuel oil, a plastic powder having a specific gravity difference of 0.05 or less from the fuel oil, and the following (A) to (D). (A) an alkylene oxide adduct of an alkylphenol-formalin condensate; (B) an alkylene oxide adduct of a polyamine or polyethyleneimine; and (C) a carboxylic alkanol amide. D) Lecithin

In the present invention, the dispersion stability of the plastics powder in the fuel oil composition is dramatically improved by selecting the specific gravity difference between the plastics powder and the fuel oil to be 0.05 or less. Even in the case of 1 to 60% by weight, a fuel oil composition having practically sufficiently stable dispersibility can be obtained. When the specific gravity difference is larger than 0.05, the plastics powder is deposited or floated and aggregated in a short period of time, and the fluidity of the fuel oil composition is extremely deteriorated.

Therefore, in the present invention, both flammable thermoplastic powders and thermosetting plastics powders can be used, but those having a specific gravity difference of 0.05 or less with the fuel oil used are used. Select. Generally, the specific gravity of the fuel oil is 0.8 to 1.0, and therefore, for example, those shown in Table 1 below can be mentioned.

[0013]

[Table 1]

When the difference in specific gravity from the fuel oil used is larger than 0.05, a plurality of plastics are appropriately melt-blended, or an organic or inorganic powder such as clay, kaolin, bentonite, talc is used. Calcium carbonate, activated clay, diatomaceous earth, zeolite, pearlite, carbon black, or the like may be mixed up to about 30% by weight, or the specific gravity may be adjusted by incorporating fine bubbles.

The fuel oil used in the present invention includes medium and heavy oils such as kerosene, light oil, heavy oil, crude oil, tar oil, creosote oil, coal liquefied oil, waste oil and animal and vegetable oils.

The plastics used in the present invention include waste plastics discarded after various plastics molded articles have been used temporarily or for a long period of time, or off-molded articles, burrs generated during the molding of various plastics, What is necessary is just a remaining part of a cut or an ear part. In addition, solidified plastics (briquettes and pellets) reduced in volume from plastics separated from general waste can also be used. These plastics are generally crushed or crushed to give a particle size of 2,000.
It is used as a powder having a particle size of 0 μm or less, preferably 1,000 μm or less, and more preferably 500 μm or less. The shape of the plastics powder is desirably spherical, elliptical, or cubic. Rod-shaped or strip-shaped particles having a ratio of major axis to minor axis of 10 or more are not preferred in the present invention. The mixing amount of these plastics powders is not particularly limited, but is usually 30 to 60% by weight.

The plastics powder is usually obtained by crushing crushed plastics, but soft thermoplastic waste plastics such as films and styrofoam are pelletized by volume reduction and solidification by compression melting and rotary kiln methods. Crush. Examples of the pulverization method include hammer mills, bin mills, and jet mills as dry pulverization methods, and ball mills, vibrating ball mills, and centrifugal ball mills as wet pulverization methods. In particular, a jet mill or a vibrating ball mill is suitable as a method for obtaining fine powder. In a jet mill, a method of collecting fine powder pulverized by a scrubber with water containing a dispersant described below is effective.

As described above, by adjusting the difference in specific gravity between the fuel oil used and the plastics powder to 0.05 or less, the plastics powder can be, for example, 1 to 60% by weight.
Even if blended, a fuel oil composition having good dispersion stability and fluidity without practical problems can be obtained, but the fuel oil composition is selected from the group consisting of the following (A) to (D). These properties can be further improved by incorporating at least one dispersant such as: (A) an alkylene oxide adduct of an alkylphenol-formalin condensate; (B) an alkylene oxide adduct of a polyamine or polyethyleneimine ( C) Carboxylic alkanol amides (D) Lecithin

The formalin condensates of alkylphenols used in the dispersant (A) include, for example, cresol, t-butylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, dodecylphenol, dinonylphenol and the like.
Formalin condensates of (di) alkylphenols and formalin condensates of phenols having an aromatic ring such as phenylphenol and cumylphenol are exemplified. The condensation degree is 2 to 30, preferably 2 to 10. The alkylene oxide to be added to these alkylphenol-formalin condensates is selected from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or styrene oxide, which is essential for ethylene oxide. Particularly, ethylene oxide alone or a combination of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is preferable. When the alkylene oxide to be added is a combination of ethylene oxide and another alkylene oxide, a block copolymerization reaction in which the alkylene oxide is added first is preferable. The average molecular weight of the alkylene oxide adduct of these alkylphenol-formalin condensates is from 500 to 10,000, preferably from 1,000 to 5,000.

The polyamine or polyethyleneimine used in the dispersant (B) includes, for example, diamines such as ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, phenylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine and the like. And polyethylenimines having a molecular weight of 30,000 or less. The alkylene oxide to be added to these polyamines or polyethyleneimine is selected from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or styrene oxide, which is essential for ethylene oxide. Particularly, ethylene oxide alone or a combination of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is preferable. When the alkylene oxide to be added is a combination of ethylene oxide and another alkylene oxide, a block copolymerization reaction in which the alkylene oxide is added first is preferable. The average molecular weight of these polyamine or polyethyleneimine alkylene oxide adducts is 1,000.
0 to 200,000, preferably 2,000 to 50,000
0.

The carboxylic acid alkanolamides of the dispersant (C) are compounds obtained by converting alkanolamine to amides of carboxylic acids having 6 to 30 carbon atoms. Such carboxylic acids include saturated fatty acids such as caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and behenic acid; oleic acid, linoleic acid,
Unsaturated fatty acids such as linolenic acid; carboxylic acids having a branched chain such as 2-ethylhexanoic acid and neodecanoic acid, and mixtures thereof. Examples of the alkanolamine include monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine, and monoethanolamine or diethanolamine is preferable. The carboxylic acid forms a salt with the alkanolamine, which can be dehydrated by heating to obtain an amide. If the carboxylic acid is present in equimolar or more, some esters are formed, but this is not a problem for the present invention. The molar ratio between the carboxylic acid and the alkanolamine is preferably from 2/1 to 1/1.

As the lecithin of the dispersant (D), those obtained from soybean oil, egg yolk and the like can be mentioned.

In the present invention, the above-mentioned dispersant may be dissolved in fuel oil in advance and then added to the finely powdered plastics, or may be added later to the mixture of the plastics and the fuel oil.

The amount of the dispersant is determined by the type of fuel oil or plastics, the specific gravity or the particle size of the plastics, and is not particularly limited.
It is 1.0% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 0.5% by weight.

[0025]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below with reference to examples.
The invention is not limited to these examples.Example 1  High-density polyethylene with a specific gravity of 0.95 crushed to about 5 mm or less
Pulverized styrene, plastic with an average particle size of 45 microns
Fine powder was obtained. This is the C weight of specific gravity 0.932 (60 ° C).
Using a ball mill to mix the oil, polyethylene 38
%, And calorific value of 10,500 kcal / kg
Was. The viscosity was measured at 60 ° C. with a Haake rheometer.
However, it was 670 cp. The mixed fluid fuel 30
0 g in a 500 ml container at 60 ° C for 14 days
The container was turned upside down and the amount of liquid discharged after 5 minutes was measured to be 283
g flowed out and there was no precipitate aggregation.

[0026]Example 2  A polypropylene chip with a specific gravity of 0.91 was crushed and averaged.
A fine plastics powder having a particle size of 50 microns was obtained. this
Using a ball mill for heavy fuel oil C having a specific gravity of 0.925 (60 ° C).
And 43% by weight of polypropylene, calorific value 1
A mixed fluid fuel of 0.200 kcal / kg was obtained. This viscosity
820c when measured at 60 ° C with a Haake rheometer
p. 300 g of this mixed fluid fuel is 500 m
After standing at 60 ° C. for 14 days in a 1 l container, the container was inverted,
When the liquid discharge amount after 5 minutes was measured, 286 g of the liquid flowed out, and
There was no aggregation.

[0027]Example 3  60 parts of polypropylene chip with specific gravity 0.91 and specific gravity
40 parts of 1.07 AS resin was mixed with a screw blender.
Blended plastic mixture with a specific gravity of 0.97.
Got This is pulverized into powder with an average particle size of 55 microns.
And a homomixer was added to C heavy oil with a specific gravity of 0.955 (50 ° C).
45% by weight of mixed plastics, calorific value
A mixed fluid fuel of 9,800 kcal / kg was obtained. This viscosity
730c when measured at 50 ° C with a Haake rheometer
p. 300 g of this mixed fluid fuel is 500 m
After standing still at 50 ° C. for 14 days, the container is inverted,
When the amount of outflow after 5 minutes was measured, 280 g of outflow
There was no aggregation.

[0028]Example 4  Roll 70 parts of expanded polystyrene and 30 parts of ABS resin
Blend with a blender and mix with an apparent specific gravity of 0.96
A composite plastic film was obtained. Cut and crush this
A powder having an average particle size of 50 microns was obtained and the specific gravity was 0.935.
(50 ° C) B heavy oil dispersed with a homomixer and mixed plus
Mix of 30% by weight of Chix and calorific value of 9,500kcal / kg
Fluid fuel was obtained. This viscosity was measured with a Haake rheometer of 50.
It was 520 cp when measured at ° C. Also this sla
300g in a 500ml container at 50 ℃ for 14 days
After standing, the container was turned upside down and the amount of outflow after 5 minutes was measured.
275 g of the filtrate was eluted, and there was no precipitate aggregation.

[0029]Comparative Example 1  Specific gravity 0.856 (25 ° C) in place of C heavy oil of Example 1
When kerosene was used, the viscosity was 560 cp.
Out of mixed fluid fuel after standing at 25 ° C for 14 days
The amount was 83 g, and the precipitate was aggregated.

[0030]Examples 5 to 15 and Comparative Examples 2 to 6  Polyethylene crushed to about 5 mm or less to 0.2 mm or less
By pulverizing, a waste plastic fine powder having an average particle size of 50 μm was obtained. this
Is mixed with Fuel Oil A and the additive-free slurry of 45% by weight of polyethylene
Got Lee. The dispersants shown in Table 1 were added to the slurry without additives.
Add and stir to adjust the viscosity of the slurry with dispersant
It was measured at 25 ° C. with a rheometer. This slurry 30
0g in a 500ml container at 25 ° C for 14 days
The flow was reversed and the outflow after 5 minutes was measured.

[0031]Examples 16 to 26 and Comparative Examples 7 to 10  Phenolic resin waste plastic crushed to about 5mm or less
Crushed to less than 0.2mm, waste plastic with average particle size 40μm
A fine powder was obtained. This was mixed with heavy oil C and mixed with polyethylene 48.
% By weight of the slurry was obtained. Add the dispersant shown in Table 2
To the slurry with no added additive
The viscosity was measured at 60 ° C. with a Haake rheometer. Ma
300 g of this slurry is placed in a 500 ml container at 60 ° C.
After standing for 14 days, turn the container upside down and measure the outflow after 5 minutes.
Was.

[0032]

[Table 2]

[0033]

[Table 3]

As is clear from the results shown in Tables 2 and 3, all of the Examples to which the dispersant of the present invention was added had better fluidity than Comparative Examples, and the plastics fine powder settled or floated. There was no separation.

[0035]

The fuel oil composition according to the present invention has good fluidity and can be handled as a liquid fuel. Further, the concentration of the plastics powder can be improved by 2 to 5% by weight as compared with the conventional product, and the plastics powder can be stably dispersed over a long period even at a high concentration. Further, by adding the dispersant of the present invention, sedimentation or floating separation of the fine plastics powder can be more effectively prevented, and the viscosity of the obtained fuel oil composition can be reduced.
The present invention provides a fuel oil composition which can be used as a plastics-mixed liquid fuel by using general and industrial plastics wastes. It can be reused effectively. The fuel oil composition according to the present invention can not only be handled as a liquid in transportation and storage, but also can be spray-burned by a burner in combustion. Further, the composition according to the present invention can prevent overheating and incomplete combustion by burning with fuel oil. Further, the fuel oil composition according to the present invention comprises heavy oil, pulverized coal, coal-water slurry (CWM), coal-oil slurry (C
OM) not only can be fuel and mixed combustion, such as, it is possible to reduce the concentration of NO _x in the exhaust gas by burning mixed with W / O type emulsion fuel.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI C10L 1/26 C10L 1/26 1/32 1/32 A (56) References JP-A-53-110608 (JP, A) JP-A-54-58710 (JP, A) JP-A-62-263286 (JP, A) JP-A-63-284292 (JP, A) JP-A-48-44303 (JP, A) JP-A-50-39303 (JP, A) JP, A) Special Table 59-500520 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) C10L 1/00-1/32

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] The fuel oil has a specific gravity difference of 0.05 from the fuel oil.
A fuel oil composition containing the following plastics powder and at least one dispersant selected from the group consisting of the following (A) to (D): (A) an alkylene oxide adduct of an alkylphenol-formalin condensate ( B) Alkylene oxide adduct of polyamine or polyethyleneimine (C) Carboxylic alkanolamides (D) Lecithin 2. The plastics powder has a particle size of 2,000.
2. The fuel oil composition according to claim 1, which has a size of not more than μm.